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Environmental Economic Diplomacy Approach in International Law of Transboundary Water Sharing

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 221 - 250, 01.10.2022

Nima Norouzi Elham Ataei

https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.883796

Öz

In this article, the existing international laws in the field of transboundary waters, as well as water treaties and the approaches used to resolve disputes, have been reviewed and analyzed by using international documents and information.
As international convention’s provisions, every state in the common river basin has the right to have fair and reasonable exploitation of the water flow of the transboundary watershed in its territory, with the obligation not to cause damage to other countries. This right is determined by considering the natural factors of the watershed, existing and potential uses, social and economic needs of the countries of the basin, and the effects of exploitation on other countries. But the factors presented for this purpose are general and have different technical and legal interpretations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental diplomacy hydropolitics water security transboundary water Environmental water law

Kaynakça

  • T. Ebrahimifar, Patterns of building trust in the Persian Gulf region, Office of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publishing Center, 2006, p. 126.
  • T. Wings, R. Daguerre, Political Ideologies and Democratic Ideals, Montazemi Translation, Roya (Keyvanshkoohi), Peyk Bahar Publications, 2005, pp. 335-336.
  • S. Bebran, N. Honarbakhsh, Climate Change, Global Warming, The Greatest Environmental Challenge of the 21st Century, Strategic Research Institute, International Studies Research Group, 2007a, p. 19.
  • M. Bahrani, Human Security and Foreign Policy, Research Report, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, 2009, p. 30.
  • A.B. Ardestani, The Islamic Republic of Iran and the actors of the international system, Islamic Azad University (Ahvaz), 2009, p. 97
  • HP Hadian, The scope of water conflicts in the Nile Basin and its impact on the strategic goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Office of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2003, p. 14.
  • A. Thomson, An Introduction to Politics and Governance in Africa, translated by Ali Gliani, Ahmad Bakhshi, Abrar Contemporary Publications, 2006, p.79.
  • T. Triff, S. Kraft, L. James, P. Morgan, New Security Studies, translated by Tayeb, Alireza; Bozorgi, Vahid, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, 2004, p. 340.
  • M.T. Pham, Ideology Rotations, Open Publications, 2002, p. 33.
  • A. Jafari Valdani, N. Kashani Haghshenas, Arvand River Redirection Plan and International Law, Legal Journal, 1990, No. 12.
  • K. Raisipour, T. Tausi, M. Khosravi, Analysis of the Reasons for the Formation of Arabian Dust and Its Progress to Iran, 4th Seminar of Geographers of the Islamic World, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010.
  • A. Rahmani Fazli, S. Asghari Lafmajani, The Need for Cooperation of the Government of Afghanistan in Pursuing Sustainable Rural Development in Sistan, Iran, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010, p.12.
  • Saei, Political-Economic Issues of the Third World, Samat Publications, 2005, p. 191.
  • M. Sari al-Qalam, A. Bakhshi, S.K. Sajjadpour, Transforming the Geopolitics of War into the Geopolitics of Peace (Case Study: The Impact of South African Foreign Policy on Regional Security in the Apartheid Period and Later, 2006, pp. 22-44.
  • M. Shah Vali, M. Farmer, M. Sharifzadeh, The Transcendent Moral-Philosophical Paradigm in Environmental Crisis Research, Ethics in Science and Technology, Scientific, Research Quarterly, Second Year, Nos. 3 and 4, 2007, p. 35.
  • M. Sheihan, International Security, Dehghani translation by Firoozabadi, Seyed Jalal, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, First Edition, 2009, p. 233.
  • M.R. Ziaei Bigdeli, Public International Law, Treasure of Knowledge, 2006, pp. 374-382.
  • MJ Zarif, SMK. Sajjadpour, Multilateral Diplomacy, Theory and Practice of Regional and International Organizations, Volume II, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publishing Center, 2008, pp. 641-640.
  • H. Atai, F. Ahmadi, A Study of Dust as One of the Environmental Problems of the Islamic World Case Study: Khuzestan Province, 4th Seminar of Geographers of the Islamic World, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010, p. 17.
  • A. Abdollah Khani, Security Theories, An Introduction to the Planning of the National Security Doctrine (1), Abrar International Institute for Contemporary Studies and Research, 2004, p. 185.
  • Gholampour, The Impact of Globalization of Economy on the Role of Government in Environmental Political Economy in Developing Countries: The Case of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Law, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, 37(2007) 152-125.
  • G. Fan Glan, An Introduction to Public International Law, Volume II, translated by Hafezian, Mohammad Hossein, Mizan Publishing, Second Edition, 2004, p. 403.
  • M.A. Ghasemi, The Ratio of Human Security and Sustainable Development, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 41(2008) 528-529.
  • M. Kouhestani Nejad, Helmand Water: National Interests at the Altar of Regional Relations (1330-1351), Historical and Political Quarterly, History of Foreign Relations, Journal of the Documentation and Research Services Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11(2002) 140- 142.
  • P. Mojtahedzadeh, Pirooz, Amirs with borders and eastern borders of Iran, Hamid Reza Malek Mohammadi Nouri, Shirazeh, 1999, p. 484.
  • G.B. Madison, The Political Economy of Civil Society, Ahmadinejad Power Translation, Safir Publishing, 1999, p. 343-342.
  • Moshfeghifar, Ibrahim, Military and Political Considerations on the Battle of Baghdad and the Treaty of Zahab (9-1048 AH), Historical and Political Quarterly, History of Foreign Relations, Journal of the Documentation and Research Services Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11(2002) 64.
  • Abrar Contemporary International Studies and Research Cultural Institute, Borders of Iran, 1(2007) 477.
  • S. Dalby, G.O. Tuathail, P. Routledge, The Geopolitics Reader: Environmental Geopolitics, Routeldge, New York, 1998, p.182.
  • N. Jones et al., The Influence of Social Capital on Environmental Policy Instruments, Environmental Politics, 18(2009) 595-611.
  • J. Michaels, Afghan drug traffickers face more resistance, URL: http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/afghanistan/2010.
  • M.A. Salman, The United Nations Watercourses Convention Ten Years Later: Why Has its Entry into Force Proven Difficult?, International Water Resources Association, Water International, 32(2007) 1-15.
  • UNEP, Atlas of International Freshwater Agreements, 2002, p.75.
  • UNODC, Afghanistan Opium Survey, 2004, available at: http: //www.unodc.org/pdf/afg/afghanistan _opium_survey _2004 .pdf.
  • UNRISD, Progress Report by the Director، for the reporting period of January through December 2005، Programme on Markets، Business and Regulations، www.unrisd.org, Geneva, 2005, p.44.
  • A.T. Wolf, Water and Human Security, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, available at: http: //www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/ UCOWR_ waterandhumansecurity.pdf, 1998, pp.29-34.
  • http: //internationalwaterlaw.org/documents/intldocs/watercourse _status.html.
  • V. Thomas, J. Warner, Hydropolitics in the Harirud/Tejen river basin: Afghanistan as hydrohegemon?, Water International, 40(2015), 593–613.
  • Tolo News (TN), BA REWAYATE DIGAR: Water resources of Afghanistan. August 26, 2013, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/ba-reway ate-digar /11685-ba-rewayate-digar-water-resou rces-of-afghanistan, 2013.
  • Tolo News (TN), Salma Dam Renamed Afghan-India Friendship Dam, 27 Aug, 2015, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/afghanistan/21105-salma-dam-renamed-afghan-india-friendship–dam, 2015a.
  • Tolo News (TN), (2015b). Abdullah urges regional cooperation at high level water conference. 9 Jun, 2015, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/afghanistan/19924 -Abdul lah-urges -regional-cooperation-at-High-Level -Water –Conference, 2015b.
  • UNECE, Second assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, New York: UNITED NATIONS, 2011.
  • U.S. Government Global Water Strategy, USAID publication at https ://www.usaid .gov/sites /default/files /docum ents/1865/Global_Water Strategy_2017_final508v2 .pdf/, 2017.
  • Wadsam News, Salma dam to be completed in 9 months: Afghan Ministry of Energy and Water, 7 Sept, 2013, http://www.wadsa m.com/salma -dam-to-be-completed-in-9-months-afghan-ministry-of-energy-and-water -232/, 2013.
  • J.F. Warner, Contested hydrohegemony: Hydraulic control and security in Turkey, Water Alternatives, 1(2008), 271–288.
  • J. Warner, Three lenses on water war, peace and hegemonic struggle on the Nile, International Journal of Sustainable Society, 4(2012), 173–193.
  • J. Warner, N. Mirumachi, R.L. Farnum, M. Grandi, F. Menga, M. Zeitoun, Transboundary' hydro- hegemony': 10 years later, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4(2017), e1242.
  • Washington Post, Transcript: Hamid Karzai says U.S.-Afghan relationship ‘has been at a low point for a long time’, March 3, 2014, http://www.washi ngton post.com/world /hamid -karza i-saysus-afghan-relationship-has-been-at-a-low-point -for-a-long-time/2014/03/02/945db c18-a1da-11e3-b8d8-94577 ff66b 28_story .html.
  • J. Waterbury, Hydropolitics of the Nile valley. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
  • Wegerich, K. (2008). Hydro-hegemony in the Amu Darya basin. Water Policy, 10(1979), 71–88.
  • P. Wester, E.R. Rap, S. Vargas-Velázquez, The hydraulic mission and the Mexican hydrocracy: Regulating and reforming the flows of water and power, Water Alternatives, 2(2009) 395–415.
  • AH Westing (Ed.), Global resources and international conflict: Environmental factors in strategic policy and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • M. Zeitoun, A.E. Cascão, J. Warner, N. Mirumachi, N. Matthews, F. Menga et al., Transboundary water interaction III: Contest and compliance, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 17(2017) 271–294.
  • M. Zeitoun, N. Mirumachi, Transboundary water interaction I: Reconsidering conflict and cooperation, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 8(2008) 297.
  • M. Zeitoun, J. Warner, Hydro-hegemony—A framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts, Water Policy, 8(2008), 435–460.
  • AS Burger, Calibration of a participation runoff model for Hirmand river in Afghanistan and Iran using remote sensing data, Master's Thesis in Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Section Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, 2005.
  • S.A. Chavoshian, K.Takeuchi, S. Funada, An overview to transboundary and shared water resources management in Iran, technical challenges and solutions, The Role of Water Sciences in Transboundary River Basin Management, Proc. Thailand, 2005, 189-195.
  • J. Etaat, I. Varzesh, Hydropolitic of Hirmand: Reasons, Results and Outcomes, Human Geography, 80(2012) 27.
  • E. Ettehad, Hydropolitics in Hirmand/Helmand international river basin, NM006 Integrated Water Resource Management - Master & apos; s Programme 120 HEC, 2010.
  • A. Esmaeili, M. Omrani, Efficiency analysis of fishery in Hamoon lake: Using DEA approach. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(2007) 2856-2860.
  • M. Khosravi, Temporal and spatial analysis of the stability of the Hamoon lakes. Iran-Water Resources Research, 6(2010) 68-79.
  • J. Kwadijk, F. Diermanse, Integrated water resources management for the Sistan closed inland delta, Iran: Forecasting the flow from Afghanistan, Water Research Institute, WL delf hydraulics, 2006.
  • C.E. Herdendorf, Large lakes of the world, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 8(1982), 379-412.
  • N. Norouzi, Climate change Impacts on the water flow to the RESERVOIR of the Dez dam basin, Water Cycle, (2020), 'In Press, Journal Pre-proof', https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.08.001.
  • W. Fan, X. Yang, Y. Wang, M. Huo, Loopholes in the current reclaimed water quality standards for clogging control during aquifer storage and recovery in China, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 13-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.04.001.
  • N. Norouzi, G. Kalantari, The sun food-water-energy nexus governance model a case study for Iran, Water-Energy Nexus, 3(2020) 72-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005.
  • Y. Zhao, B. Ji, R. Liu, B. Ren, T. Wei, Constructed treatment wetland: Glance of development and future perspectives, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.07.002.
  • Z. Chen, G. Wu, Y. Wu, Q. Wu, Q. Shi, H.H. Ngo, O.A.V. Saucedo, H.-Y. Hu, Water Eco-Nexus Cycle System (WaterEcoNet) as a key solution for water shortage and water environment problems in urban areas, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.004.
  • H. Takeuchi, H. Tanaka, Water reuse and recycling in Japan — History, current situation, and future perspectives —, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.001.
  • A. Rebelo, M. Quadrado, A. Franco, N. Lacasta, P. Machado, Water reuse in Portugal: New legislation trends to support the definition of water quality standards based on risk characterization, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 41-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.006.
  • N. Barak, K. Fujie, S.W. Hermanowicz, V. Lazarova, H.H. Ngo, H. Tanaka, I. Thompson, J. Xia, Water cycle: Watering new concept and innovation for future water system, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 78-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.06.001.

Environmental Economic Diplomacy Approach in International Law of Transboundary Water Sharing

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 221 - 250, 01.10.2022

Nima Norouzi Elham Ataei

https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.883796

Öz

Bu makalede, sınıraşan sular alanında mevcut uluslararası kanunlar ile su anlaşmaları ve uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde kullanılan yaklaşımlar, uluslararası belge ve bilgiler kullanılarak gözden geçirilmiş ve analiz edilmiştir.
Uluslararası sözleşmenin hükümlerine göre, ortak nehir havzasındaki her devlet, diğer ülkelere zarar vermeme yükümlülüğüyle, kendi topraklarındaki sınıraşan su havzasının su akışını adil ve makul bir şekilde kullanma hakkına sahiptir. Bu hak, havzanın doğal faktörleri, mevcut ve potansiyel kullanımları, havza ülkelerinin sosyal ve ekonomik ihtiyaçları ve sömürünün diğer ülkeler üzerindeki etkileri dikkate alınarak belirlenir. Ancak bu amaçla sunulan faktörler geneldir ve farklı teknik ve hukuki yorumlara sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre diplomasisi hidropolitika su güvenliği sınıraşan sular çevresel su hukuku

Kaynakça

  • T. Ebrahimifar, Patterns of building trust in the Persian Gulf region, Office of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publishing Center, 2006, p. 126.
  • T. Wings, R. Daguerre, Political Ideologies and Democratic Ideals, Montazemi Translation, Roya (Keyvanshkoohi), Peyk Bahar Publications, 2005, pp. 335-336.
  • S. Bebran, N. Honarbakhsh, Climate Change, Global Warming, The Greatest Environmental Challenge of the 21st Century, Strategic Research Institute, International Studies Research Group, 2007a, p. 19.
  • M. Bahrani, Human Security and Foreign Policy, Research Report, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, 2009, p. 30.
  • A.B. Ardestani, The Islamic Republic of Iran and the actors of the international system, Islamic Azad University (Ahvaz), 2009, p. 97
  • HP Hadian, The scope of water conflicts in the Nile Basin and its impact on the strategic goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Office of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2003, p. 14.
  • A. Thomson, An Introduction to Politics and Governance in Africa, translated by Ali Gliani, Ahmad Bakhshi, Abrar Contemporary Publications, 2006, p.79.
  • T. Triff, S. Kraft, L. James, P. Morgan, New Security Studies, translated by Tayeb, Alireza; Bozorgi, Vahid, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, 2004, p. 340.
  • M.T. Pham, Ideology Rotations, Open Publications, 2002, p. 33.
  • A. Jafari Valdani, N. Kashani Haghshenas, Arvand River Redirection Plan and International Law, Legal Journal, 1990, No. 12.
  • K. Raisipour, T. Tausi, M. Khosravi, Analysis of the Reasons for the Formation of Arabian Dust and Its Progress to Iran, 4th Seminar of Geographers of the Islamic World, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010.
  • A. Rahmani Fazli, S. Asghari Lafmajani, The Need for Cooperation of the Government of Afghanistan in Pursuing Sustainable Rural Development in Sistan, Iran, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010, p.12.
  • Saei, Political-Economic Issues of the Third World, Samat Publications, 2005, p. 191.
  • M. Sari al-Qalam, A. Bakhshi, S.K. Sajjadpour, Transforming the Geopolitics of War into the Geopolitics of Peace (Case Study: The Impact of South African Foreign Policy on Regional Security in the Apartheid Period and Later, 2006, pp. 22-44.
  • M. Shah Vali, M. Farmer, M. Sharifzadeh, The Transcendent Moral-Philosophical Paradigm in Environmental Crisis Research, Ethics in Science and Technology, Scientific, Research Quarterly, Second Year, Nos. 3 and 4, 2007, p. 35.
  • M. Sheihan, International Security, Dehghani translation by Firoozabadi, Seyed Jalal, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, First Edition, 2009, p. 233.
  • M.R. Ziaei Bigdeli, Public International Law, Treasure of Knowledge, 2006, pp. 374-382.
  • MJ Zarif, SMK. Sajjadpour, Multilateral Diplomacy, Theory and Practice of Regional and International Organizations, Volume II, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publishing Center, 2008, pp. 641-640.
  • H. Atai, F. Ahmadi, A Study of Dust as One of the Environmental Problems of the Islamic World Case Study: Khuzestan Province, 4th Seminar of Geographers of the Islamic World, April 14-16, 2010, April 25-27, 2010, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, 2010, p. 17.
  • A. Abdollah Khani, Security Theories, An Introduction to the Planning of the National Security Doctrine (1), Abrar International Institute for Contemporary Studies and Research, 2004, p. 185.
  • Gholampour, The Impact of Globalization of Economy on the Role of Government in Environmental Political Economy in Developing Countries: The Case of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Law, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, 37(2007) 152-125.
  • G. Fan Glan, An Introduction to Public International Law, Volume II, translated by Hafezian, Mohammad Hossein, Mizan Publishing, Second Edition, 2004, p. 403.
  • M.A. Ghasemi, The Ratio of Human Security and Sustainable Development, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 41(2008) 528-529.
  • M. Kouhestani Nejad, Helmand Water: National Interests at the Altar of Regional Relations (1330-1351), Historical and Political Quarterly, History of Foreign Relations, Journal of the Documentation and Research Services Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11(2002) 140- 142.
  • P. Mojtahedzadeh, Pirooz, Amirs with borders and eastern borders of Iran, Hamid Reza Malek Mohammadi Nouri, Shirazeh, 1999, p. 484.
  • G.B. Madison, The Political Economy of Civil Society, Ahmadinejad Power Translation, Safir Publishing, 1999, p. 343-342.
  • Moshfeghifar, Ibrahim, Military and Political Considerations on the Battle of Baghdad and the Treaty of Zahab (9-1048 AH), Historical and Political Quarterly, History of Foreign Relations, Journal of the Documentation and Research Services Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11(2002) 64.
  • Abrar Contemporary International Studies and Research Cultural Institute, Borders of Iran, 1(2007) 477.
  • S. Dalby, G.O. Tuathail, P. Routledge, The Geopolitics Reader: Environmental Geopolitics, Routeldge, New York, 1998, p.182.
  • N. Jones et al., The Influence of Social Capital on Environmental Policy Instruments, Environmental Politics, 18(2009) 595-611.
  • J. Michaels, Afghan drug traffickers face more resistance, URL: http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/afghanistan/2010.
  • M.A. Salman, The United Nations Watercourses Convention Ten Years Later: Why Has its Entry into Force Proven Difficult?, International Water Resources Association, Water International, 32(2007) 1-15.
  • UNEP, Atlas of International Freshwater Agreements, 2002, p.75.
  • UNODC, Afghanistan Opium Survey, 2004, available at: http: //www.unodc.org/pdf/afg/afghanistan _opium_survey _2004 .pdf.
  • UNRISD, Progress Report by the Director، for the reporting period of January through December 2005، Programme on Markets، Business and Regulations، www.unrisd.org, Geneva, 2005, p.44.
  • A.T. Wolf, Water and Human Security, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, available at: http: //www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/ UCOWR_ waterandhumansecurity.pdf, 1998, pp.29-34.
  • http: //internationalwaterlaw.org/documents/intldocs/watercourse _status.html.
  • V. Thomas, J. Warner, Hydropolitics in the Harirud/Tejen river basin: Afghanistan as hydrohegemon?, Water International, 40(2015), 593–613.
  • Tolo News (TN), BA REWAYATE DIGAR: Water resources of Afghanistan. August 26, 2013, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/ba-reway ate-digar /11685-ba-rewayate-digar-water-resou rces-of-afghanistan, 2013.
  • Tolo News (TN), Salma Dam Renamed Afghan-India Friendship Dam, 27 Aug, 2015, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/afghanistan/21105-salma-dam-renamed-afghan-india-friendship–dam, 2015a.
  • Tolo News (TN), (2015b). Abdullah urges regional cooperation at high level water conference. 9 Jun, 2015, http://www.tolon ews.com/en/afghanistan/19924 -Abdul lah-urges -regional-cooperation-at-High-Level -Water –Conference, 2015b.
  • UNECE, Second assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, New York: UNITED NATIONS, 2011.
  • U.S. Government Global Water Strategy, USAID publication at https ://www.usaid .gov/sites /default/files /docum ents/1865/Global_Water Strategy_2017_final508v2 .pdf/, 2017.
  • Wadsam News, Salma dam to be completed in 9 months: Afghan Ministry of Energy and Water, 7 Sept, 2013, http://www.wadsa m.com/salma -dam-to-be-completed-in-9-months-afghan-ministry-of-energy-and-water -232/, 2013.
  • J.F. Warner, Contested hydrohegemony: Hydraulic control and security in Turkey, Water Alternatives, 1(2008), 271–288.
  • J. Warner, Three lenses on water war, peace and hegemonic struggle on the Nile, International Journal of Sustainable Society, 4(2012), 173–193.
  • J. Warner, N. Mirumachi, R.L. Farnum, M. Grandi, F. Menga, M. Zeitoun, Transboundary' hydro- hegemony': 10 years later, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4(2017), e1242.
  • Washington Post, Transcript: Hamid Karzai says U.S.-Afghan relationship ‘has been at a low point for a long time’, March 3, 2014, http://www.washi ngton post.com/world /hamid -karza i-saysus-afghan-relationship-has-been-at-a-low-point -for-a-long-time/2014/03/02/945db c18-a1da-11e3-b8d8-94577 ff66b 28_story .html.
  • J. Waterbury, Hydropolitics of the Nile valley. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
  • Wegerich, K. (2008). Hydro-hegemony in the Amu Darya basin. Water Policy, 10(1979), 71–88.
  • P. Wester, E.R. Rap, S. Vargas-Velázquez, The hydraulic mission and the Mexican hydrocracy: Regulating and reforming the flows of water and power, Water Alternatives, 2(2009) 395–415.
  • AH Westing (Ed.), Global resources and international conflict: Environmental factors in strategic policy and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • M. Zeitoun, A.E. Cascão, J. Warner, N. Mirumachi, N. Matthews, F. Menga et al., Transboundary water interaction III: Contest and compliance, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 17(2017) 271–294.
  • M. Zeitoun, N. Mirumachi, Transboundary water interaction I: Reconsidering conflict and cooperation, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 8(2008) 297.
  • M. Zeitoun, J. Warner, Hydro-hegemony—A framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts, Water Policy, 8(2008), 435–460.
  • AS Burger, Calibration of a participation runoff model for Hirmand river in Afghanistan and Iran using remote sensing data, Master's Thesis in Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Section Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, 2005.
  • S.A. Chavoshian, K.Takeuchi, S. Funada, An overview to transboundary and shared water resources management in Iran, technical challenges and solutions, The Role of Water Sciences in Transboundary River Basin Management, Proc. Thailand, 2005, 189-195.
  • J. Etaat, I. Varzesh, Hydropolitic of Hirmand: Reasons, Results and Outcomes, Human Geography, 80(2012) 27.
  • E. Ettehad, Hydropolitics in Hirmand/Helmand international river basin, NM006 Integrated Water Resource Management - Master & apos; s Programme 120 HEC, 2010.
  • A. Esmaeili, M. Omrani, Efficiency analysis of fishery in Hamoon lake: Using DEA approach. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(2007) 2856-2860.
  • M. Khosravi, Temporal and spatial analysis of the stability of the Hamoon lakes. Iran-Water Resources Research, 6(2010) 68-79.
  • J. Kwadijk, F. Diermanse, Integrated water resources management for the Sistan closed inland delta, Iran: Forecasting the flow from Afghanistan, Water Research Institute, WL delf hydraulics, 2006.
  • C.E. Herdendorf, Large lakes of the world, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 8(1982), 379-412.
  • N. Norouzi, Climate change Impacts on the water flow to the RESERVOIR of the Dez dam basin, Water Cycle, (2020), 'In Press, Journal Pre-proof', https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.08.001.
  • W. Fan, X. Yang, Y. Wang, M. Huo, Loopholes in the current reclaimed water quality standards for clogging control during aquifer storage and recovery in China, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 13-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.04.001.
  • N. Norouzi, G. Kalantari, The sun food-water-energy nexus governance model a case study for Iran, Water-Energy Nexus, 3(2020) 72-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005.
  • Y. Zhao, B. Ji, R. Liu, B. Ren, T. Wei, Constructed treatment wetland: Glance of development and future perspectives, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.07.002.
  • Z. Chen, G. Wu, Y. Wu, Q. Wu, Q. Shi, H.H. Ngo, O.A.V. Saucedo, H.-Y. Hu, Water Eco-Nexus Cycle System (WaterEcoNet) as a key solution for water shortage and water environment problems in urban areas, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.004.
  • H. Takeuchi, H. Tanaka, Water reuse and recycling in Japan — History, current situation, and future perspectives —, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.001.
  • A. Rebelo, M. Quadrado, A. Franco, N. Lacasta, P. Machado, Water reuse in Portugal: New legislation trends to support the definition of water quality standards based on risk characterization, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 41-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.05.006.
  • N. Barak, K. Fujie, S.W. Hermanowicz, V. Lazarova, H.H. Ngo, H. Tanaka, I. Thompson, J. Xia, Water cycle: Watering new concept and innovation for future water system, Water Cycle, 1(2020) 78-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.06.001.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nima Norouzi 0000-0002-2546-4288

Elham Ataei Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7342-2667

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Norouzi, Nima, ve Elham Ataei. “Environmental Economic Diplomacy Approach in International Law of Transboundary Water Sharing”. International Journal of Politics and Security 4, sy. 3 (Ekim 2022): 221-50. https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.883796.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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Veri Paylaşım Politikası
Bu dergi, yazarları bilimsel etik ve atıf kuralları ile kişisel hakların korunmasına yönelik evrensel ve yasal kriterler çerçevesinde kalırken araştırmaları sonucunda elde ettikleri verileri paylaşmaya teşvik etmektedir. Bu bağlamda IJPS, Budapeşte Açık Erişim Girişimi Deklarasyonunu (2001) benimser.