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21st Century Skills and ELT Coursebooks

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 65 - 93, 31.12.2023

Aslıhan Akçay Çelik Hüseyin Kafes

Öz

This qualitative study investigates the integration of the 4Cs of the 21st Century Skills—communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity—into four English language teaching coursebooks, widely used in elementary education in Turkey. Data of this study with a content analysis design was collected through internal and external evaluation checklists. Results were reported through descriptive statistics, frequencies, means and percentages. The findings have revealed that overstatement and understatement of coursebook content abound in the coursebooks examined, leading us to conclude that external evaluation by itself is not enough. The findings have also shown that each coursebook series includes and fosters the 21st century skills to some extent mostly through projects, speaking and writing tasks. The findings led us conclude that coursebooks differ in terms of what they in theory claim to include and what they actually contain.

Anahtar Kelimeler

21st century skills ELT Coursebooks Teaching English

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Ronal, B & Proctor Russel, F. (1978). Looking out/looking in (2nd. ed.). Holt, Rinehartand Winston. American Management Association. (2012). Critical skills survey. American Management Association. Retrieved from: http:// www.amanet.org/uploaded/2012-Critical- skills- survey.pdf
  • Awasthi, J. R. (2006). Textbook and its evaluation. Journal of NELTA, 11(1-2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.528
  • Barfield, A. (2016). Collaboration. ELT Journal, 70(2), 222-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccv074Beghetto, R., A. & Kaufman, J., C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25, 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247
  • Berlo, D. K. (1960). The process of communication: An introduction to theory and practice, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen S., Ripley M., & Rumble M. (2010). Draft white paper 1defining 21st century skills. Assessment and teaching of 21st century skill (ATC21S), Retrieved from https://www.intel.com.tr/content/ dam/ www/public/ emea/tr /tr/ pdf/education/tools-and- resources/century21-skills-report.pdf.
  • Bloom, B. S., Engelhart M. D., Furst E. J., Hill, Walker. H., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). R. Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals: handbook I: cognitive domain (No.373.19 C734t. D. Mckay.
  • Boden, M. A. (2004). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms, London: Routledge.
  • Bolat, Y. (2022). The use of 21st century skills by secondary school English language teachers and the challenges they face. (Unpublished MA thesis), Trakya University.
  • Bouzid, H. A. (2016). Boosting 21st century skills through Moroccan ELT textbooks. Journal of English language teaching and linguistics, 1(2), 97-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v1i2.24
  • Cambridge University Press. Cambridge framework for life competencies in education. (2018). Retrieved from http://languageresearch.cambridge.org/images/Language_Research/ CamFLiC/CamFLiC_Intro_brochure.pdf
  • Casner-Lotto, J. & Barrington L. (2006). Are they really ready to work? Employers’ perspectives on the basic knowledge and applied skills of new entrants to the 21st century US workforce. Partnership for 21st century skills.
  • Churches, A. (2008). Bloom's taxonomy blooms digitally. Tech & Learning, 1, 1-6,
  • Clark Donald. Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains [blog]. (1999). Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html
  • Crowley, S. (2016).21st century skills in ELT part 1: the rise of 21st century skills, Retrieved from https://oupeltglobalblog.com/2015/07/02/21st-century-skills-in-elt-part- 1-the-rise-of-21st-century-skills/
  • Davila S. (2016). 21st century skills and the English language classroom. Retrieved from https://www.english.com/blog/21st-century-skills/
  • Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In J. Bellanca and R. Brandt (Eds.), 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 51-76). Solution Tree Press: Bloomington.
  • Dilley, A., F., J. & Plucker, J. A. (n.d.). What we know about communication. Part of the 4Cs research series: Partnership for 21st Century Learning.
  • Dilley, A., Kaufman, J.C., Kennedy, C. & Plucker, J. A. (n.d.). What we know about critical thinking. Part of the 4Cs research series: Washington, DC: Partnership for 21st Century Learning.
  • Douglas, S. & Hassler B. (2016). Core skills for learning, work and society. Unlocking a world of potential (pp.4-6), British Council. Retrieved from https://schoolsonline.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/core_skills_brochure_ 0.pdf.
  • Eaton S. E. (2010). Global trends in language learning in the twenty-first century. Calgary: Onate Press.
  • Eker Uka, E. & Bedir, H. (2023). Exploring EFL teachers’ perceptions on 21st – century skills: A case study. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 10, 169-183, https://doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.1240904
  • Ellis, R. (1997). The empirical evaluation of language teaching materials. ELT Journal, 51(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.1.36
  • Fandiño-Parra Y. J. (2013). English teacher training programs focused on reflection. Educación y Educadores, 14(2), 269-285.
  • Faucette P. (2001). A Pedagogical perspective on communication strategies: benefits of training and an analysis of English language teaching materials. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Second Language Studies Paper, 19(2), 1-40.
  • Forehand, M. (2010). Bloom’s taxonomy. Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology, 41, 47. Glossary of Education reform (2016, August 25). 21st century skills. Retrieved from https://www.edglossary.org/21st-century-skills/.
  • Goo, S. K. (2015). The skills Americans say kids need to succeed in life. Retrieve from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/19/skills-for-success/
  • Heick, T. (2018). What is Bloom’s taxonomy? A definition for teachers [blog]. Teach Thought.
  • Hemsley, M. (1997). The evaluation of teachers' guides design and application. ELT Journal, 3(1), 72-83.
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Hymes, D. (1971). Sociolinguistics and the ethnography of speaking. In E. Ardener (Ed.), Social anthropology and language (pp.47-93). Routledge
  • Hynes, J. (2014). The power of collaboration and active engagement for ELs [blog]. TESOL International Association. Retrieved from http://blog.tesol.org/the-power-of collaboration- and-active-engagement-for-els/
  • Işık, N. N. & Ercan Demirel, E. (2023). An investigation of prospective teachers and teacher trainers’ 21st century skills awareness. Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AKEF) Dergisi, 5(3), 1199-1215.
  • Kaufman, J. C., and Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The four-c model of creativity. Review of general psychology, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013688
  • Kaufman, J. C., and Beghetto, R. A. (2013). Do people recognize the four Cs? Examining layperson conceptions of creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7(3), 229. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033295
  • Knight, B. (2018). How can we prepare our students to succeed in a world that is changing fast? [Blog post]. Available at http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2018/04/05/cambridge-framework-life-competencies/
  • Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-218.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Lai, E. R. (2011). Collaboration: A literature review. Pearson Publisher. Retrieved from http://images.pearsonassessments.com/images/tmrs/collaboration-review.pdf
  • Lai, E. R., DiCerbo, K. E., & Foltz, P. (2017). Skills for today: what we know about teaching and assessing collaboration. Retrieved from https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one- dot-com/one-dot-com/global/Files/efficacy-and-research/skills-for-today/Collaboration- FullReport.pdf
  • Lai, E. R., Yarbro, J., DiCerbo, K., & de Geest, E. (2018). Skills for today: What we know about teaching and assessing creativity. Pearson.
  • Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford University Press.
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  • Lucas, B. & Anderson, F. (2015). Creative learning in schools: What it is and why it matters. Dusseldorp Forum. Retrieved from.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312039075_Creative_Learning_in_Schools_what_it_is_and_why_it_matters
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21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve ELT Ders Kitapları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 65 - 93, 31.12.2023

Aslıhan Akçay Çelik Hüseyin Kafes

Öz

Bu nitel çalışma, 21. Yüzyıl Becerilerinin 4 becerinin -iletişim, işbirliği, eleştirel düşünme ve yaratıcılık- Türkiye'de ilköğretimde yaygın olarak kullanılan dört İngilizce ders kitabına entegrasyonunu araştırmaktadır. İçerik analizi tasarımına sahip bu çalışmanın verileri iç ve dış değerlendirme kontrol listeleri aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar betimsel istatistikler, frekanslar, ortalamalar ve yüzdeler aracılığıyla raporlanmıştır. Bulgular, incelenen ders kitaplarında ders kitabı içeriğinin zaman zaman gereğinden fazla ve zaman zaman da gereğinden az ifade edildiğini ortaya koymuş, bu da bizi dış değerlendirmenin tek başına yeterli olmadığı sonucuna götürmüştür. Bulgular ayrıca her ders kitabı serisinin 21. yüzyıl becerilerini çoğunlukla projeler, konuşma ve yazma aracılığıyla bir dereceye kadar içerdiğini ve geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. Bulgular, ders kitaplarının teoride içerdiklerini iddia ettikleri ile gerçekte içerdikleri açısından farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna varmamıza yol açmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

21. yüzyıl becerileri ELT ders kitapları İngilizce

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Ronal, B & Proctor Russel, F. (1978). Looking out/looking in (2nd. ed.). Holt, Rinehartand Winston. American Management Association. (2012). Critical skills survey. American Management Association. Retrieved from: http:// www.amanet.org/uploaded/2012-Critical- skills- survey.pdf
  • Awasthi, J. R. (2006). Textbook and its evaluation. Journal of NELTA, 11(1-2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.528
  • Barfield, A. (2016). Collaboration. ELT Journal, 70(2), 222-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccv074Beghetto, R., A. & Kaufman, J., C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25, 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247
  • Berlo, D. K. (1960). The process of communication: An introduction to theory and practice, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen S., Ripley M., & Rumble M. (2010). Draft white paper 1defining 21st century skills. Assessment and teaching of 21st century skill (ATC21S), Retrieved from https://www.intel.com.tr/content/ dam/ www/public/ emea/tr /tr/ pdf/education/tools-and- resources/century21-skills-report.pdf.
  • Bloom, B. S., Engelhart M. D., Furst E. J., Hill, Walker. H., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). R. Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals: handbook I: cognitive domain (No.373.19 C734t. D. Mckay.
  • Boden, M. A. (2004). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms, London: Routledge.
  • Bolat, Y. (2022). The use of 21st century skills by secondary school English language teachers and the challenges they face. (Unpublished MA thesis), Trakya University.
  • Bouzid, H. A. (2016). Boosting 21st century skills through Moroccan ELT textbooks. Journal of English language teaching and linguistics, 1(2), 97-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v1i2.24
  • Cambridge University Press. Cambridge framework for life competencies in education. (2018). Retrieved from http://languageresearch.cambridge.org/images/Language_Research/ CamFLiC/CamFLiC_Intro_brochure.pdf
  • Casner-Lotto, J. & Barrington L. (2006). Are they really ready to work? Employers’ perspectives on the basic knowledge and applied skills of new entrants to the 21st century US workforce. Partnership for 21st century skills.
  • Churches, A. (2008). Bloom's taxonomy blooms digitally. Tech & Learning, 1, 1-6,
  • Clark Donald. Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains [blog]. (1999). Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html
  • Crowley, S. (2016).21st century skills in ELT part 1: the rise of 21st century skills, Retrieved from https://oupeltglobalblog.com/2015/07/02/21st-century-skills-in-elt-part- 1-the-rise-of-21st-century-skills/
  • Davila S. (2016). 21st century skills and the English language classroom. Retrieved from https://www.english.com/blog/21st-century-skills/
  • Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In J. Bellanca and R. Brandt (Eds.), 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 51-76). Solution Tree Press: Bloomington.
  • Dilley, A., F., J. & Plucker, J. A. (n.d.). What we know about communication. Part of the 4Cs research series: Partnership for 21st Century Learning.
  • Dilley, A., Kaufman, J.C., Kennedy, C. & Plucker, J. A. (n.d.). What we know about critical thinking. Part of the 4Cs research series: Washington, DC: Partnership for 21st Century Learning.
  • Douglas, S. & Hassler B. (2016). Core skills for learning, work and society. Unlocking a world of potential (pp.4-6), British Council. Retrieved from https://schoolsonline.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/core_skills_brochure_ 0.pdf.
  • Eaton S. E. (2010). Global trends in language learning in the twenty-first century. Calgary: Onate Press.
  • Eker Uka, E. & Bedir, H. (2023). Exploring EFL teachers’ perceptions on 21st – century skills: A case study. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 10, 169-183, https://doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.1240904
  • Ellis, R. (1997). The empirical evaluation of language teaching materials. ELT Journal, 51(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.1.36
  • Fandiño-Parra Y. J. (2013). English teacher training programs focused on reflection. Educación y Educadores, 14(2), 269-285.
  • Faucette P. (2001). A Pedagogical perspective on communication strategies: benefits of training and an analysis of English language teaching materials. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Second Language Studies Paper, 19(2), 1-40.
  • Forehand, M. (2010). Bloom’s taxonomy. Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology, 41, 47. Glossary of Education reform (2016, August 25). 21st century skills. Retrieved from https://www.edglossary.org/21st-century-skills/.
  • Goo, S. K. (2015). The skills Americans say kids need to succeed in life. Retrieve from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/19/skills-for-success/
  • Heick, T. (2018). What is Bloom’s taxonomy? A definition for teachers [blog]. Teach Thought.
  • Hemsley, M. (1997). The evaluation of teachers' guides design and application. ELT Journal, 3(1), 72-83.
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • Hymes, D. (1971). Sociolinguistics and the ethnography of speaking. In E. Ardener (Ed.), Social anthropology and language (pp.47-93). Routledge
  • Hynes, J. (2014). The power of collaboration and active engagement for ELs [blog]. TESOL International Association. Retrieved from http://blog.tesol.org/the-power-of collaboration- and-active-engagement-for-els/
  • Işık, N. N. & Ercan Demirel, E. (2023). An investigation of prospective teachers and teacher trainers’ 21st century skills awareness. Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AKEF) Dergisi, 5(3), 1199-1215.
  • Kaufman, J. C., and Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The four-c model of creativity. Review of general psychology, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013688
  • Kaufman, J. C., and Beghetto, R. A. (2013). Do people recognize the four Cs? Examining layperson conceptions of creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7(3), 229. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033295
  • Knight, B. (2018). How can we prepare our students to succeed in a world that is changing fast? [Blog post]. Available at http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2018/04/05/cambridge-framework-life-competencies/
  • Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-218.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
  • Lai, E. R. (2011). Collaboration: A literature review. Pearson Publisher. Retrieved from http://images.pearsonassessments.com/images/tmrs/collaboration-review.pdf
  • Lai, E. R., DiCerbo, K. E., & Foltz, P. (2017). Skills for today: what we know about teaching and assessing collaboration. Retrieved from https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one- dot-com/one-dot-com/global/Files/efficacy-and-research/skills-for-today/Collaboration- FullReport.pdf
  • Lai, E. R., Yarbro, J., DiCerbo, K., & de Geest, E. (2018). Skills for today: What we know about teaching and assessing creativity. Pearson.
  • Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford University Press.
  • Laswell, H. (1948). The structure and function of communication in society. In L. Bryson (Ed.), The communication of ideas. Harper.
  • Lucas, B. & Anderson, F. (2015). Creative learning in schools: What it is and why it matters. Dusseldorp Forum. Retrieved from.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312039075_Creative_Learning_in_Schools_what_it_is_and_why_it_matters
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Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitimde Program Değerlendirme
Bölüm Eğitim Bilimleri
Yazarlar

Aslıhan Akçay Çelik 0000-0002-0962-0498

Hüseyin Kafes 0000-0002-0697-8312

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akçay Çelik, A., & Kafes, H. (2023). 21st Century Skills and ELT Coursebooks. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 65-93.
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