Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 51 - 61, 19.09.2018
Öz
Selenyum,
üreme ve büyüme için gerekli temel bir elementtir. Hem toksik hem de esansiyel
bir element olması, vücutta E vitamini ile beraber antioksidan özellik göstermesi,
normal fizyolojik şartlar altında büyüme, bağışıklık sistemi ve hücre
membranlarının korunmasındaki rolleri nedeni ile yetiştiricilikte büyük öneme
sahiptir. Bu nedenle, son yıllarda selenyumun yetiştiriciliği yapılan birçok farklı
türün büyümesi, toksisitesi, bağışıklık sistemi ve antioksidan mekanizma
üzerine etkisini araştıran çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu derlemede selenyumun
genel özellikleri, fizyolojik olarak önemi, görevleri, metabolizması ve balık
yetiştiriciliğindeki önemi hakkındaki bilgilerin bir araya getirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Sarı, M. ve Çakmak, M.N. (1994). Balık Besleme, Fırat Üniversitesi Yayınları, No:37, Elazığ, 270s. 2. Köprücü, K. (2008). Balık Besleme, Fırat Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Balık Besleme Ders Notları, 151 s. 3. Çetinkaya, O. (1995). Balık Besleme, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 9, Van, 137s. 4. Wang, Y., Han, J., li, W. and Xu, Z. (2007). Effect of different selenium source on growth performances, glutathione peroxidase activities, muscle composition and selenium concentration of allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelise). Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 134: 243-251. 5. Choi, Y.J., Kim, N.N., Shin, H.S., Park, M.S., Kil, G.S. and Choi, C.Y. (2013). Effects of waterborne selenium exposure on the antioxidant and immunological activity in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Mol. Cell. Toxicol., 9: 365-373 6. Ateşşahin, A. (1999). Deneysel olarak selenyum zehirlenmesi oluşturulan koyunlarda kan ve doku selenyum düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 60s. 7. Jaramillo, F. (2006). Selenium Nutrition of morone hybrids including dietary requirments, bioavailability, toxıcity and effects on immune responses and disease resistance. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Texas A&M University, 100p. 8. Batı, B. (1991). Selenyumun β-Fenilditiyokarbazik Asit ile Spektrofotometrik Tayini. Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 72s. 9. Karadaş, F. (2001). Broyler Rasyonlarına Değişik Düzeylerde Katılan Organik Selenyumun Besi Performansı ve Karkas Kalitesine Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 62s. 10. Özmen, H. (1997). Yemlerle Verilen Selenyumun Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L.) Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 102s. 11. Baker, D.C., James, L.F., Hartley, W.J., Panter, K.E., Maynard, H.D. and Pfister, J. (1989). Toxicosis in Pigs Fed Selenium-Accumulating Astragolus Plant Species or Sodium Selenate. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50: 1369-1399. 12. Kumpulainen, J.T. (1993). Selenium in foods and diets of selected countries. J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Healt Dis., 7: 107-108. 13. Behne, D., Gessner, H. and Kyriakopoulos, A. (1996). Information on the selenium status concentrations in blood fractions, hair and nails. J. Trace Element Med. Bio., 10: 174-179. 14. Lovell, T. (1998). Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ABD, 267p. 15. Üstdal, M., Karaca, L., Türköz, Y., Kuş, S. ve Paşaoğlu, H. (2003). Biyokimya. Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., Malatya, 673s. 16. Sözbilir, N.B. ve Bayşu, N. (2008). Biyokimya. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara, 632s. 17. Mckenzie, R.C., Arthur, J.R., Miller, S.M, Raffery, T.S. and Beckett, G.J. (2002). “Selenium and the Immune System” in Nutritional and Immune Function, (Ed) Calder, C.F., Field, C.J. and Gill, H.S., CAB International, 229-250. 18. Lin, Y.H. and Shiau, S.Y. (2007). The effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, fed high copper. Aquaculture, 267: 38-43. 19. Mckenzie, R.C. (2000). Selenium, ultraviolet radiation and the skin. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 25: 1-7. 20. Mckenzie, R.C., Raffery, T.S. and Beckett, G.J. (1998). Selenium: an essential element for immune function. Immunol. Today, 19: 342-345. 21. Trenam, C.W., Blake, D.R. and Morris, C.J. (1992). Skin inflammation: reactive oxygen species and the role of iron. J. Invest. Dermatol., 99: 675-682. 22. Kremidjian-Schumacher, L., Roy, M., Wishe, H.I., Cohen, M.W. and Stotzky, G. (1996). Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 52(3): 227-239. 23. Dreher, I., Jakobs, T.C. and Köhrle, J. (1997). Cloning and characterization of the human selenoprotein P promoter. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 29364-29371. 24. Irwin, R.J., Mouwerk, M.V., Stevens, L., Seese, M.D. and Basham, W. (1997). Environmental contaminants encyclopedia selenium entry. Naitonal Park Servise, water reseorces divisions, water operations branch, Colorado, 114p. 25. Foster, L.H. and Summer, S. (1997). Selenium in health and disease: A review. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 37: 211-228. 26. Watanabe, T., Kiron, V. and Satoh, S. (1997). Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, 151: 185-207. 27. Sarı, M., Çerçi, H., Deniz, S., Şahin, K., Seven, P.T., Şahin, N., Çiftçi, M., Bolat, D., Önal, A., Azman, A.M., Güler, T., Karslı, M.A., Nursoy, H. ve Bingöl, T.N. (2008). Hayvan Besleme ve Besleme Hastalıkları. Medipres Matbaacılık Yayıncılık LTD. ŞTİ., 520s. 28. Poston, A.H., Combs Jr., F.G. and Leibovitz, L. (1976). Vitamin E and Selenium Interrelations in the diet of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Gross, Histological and Biochemical Deficiency Signs. J. Nutr., 106: 892-904. 29. Bell, J.G., Pirie, B.J.S., Adron, J.W. and Cowey, B.C. (1986). Some effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity and tissue pathology in Rainbow trout (Salmo gaidneri). Brit. J. Nutr., 55: 305-311. 30. Hilton, J.W., Hodson, P.V. and Slinger, S.J. (1980). The requirement and toxicity of selenium in Rainbow trout (Salmo gaidner). J. Nutr., 110: 2527-2535. 31. Gatlin III, D.M. and Wilson, R.P., 1984, Dietary selenium reguiment of fingerling Channel catfish. J. Nutr., 114: 627-633. 32. Wang, C. and Lowell, R.T. (1997). Organic selenium sources, selenomethionine and selenoyeast, have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source, sodium selenite, in diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 152: 223-234. 33. Lin, Y.H. and Shiau, S.Y. (2005). Dietary selenium requiments of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Aquaculture, 250: 356-363. 34. Cotter, P. (2006). Dietary selenium in cultured hybrid striped bass. Master Thesis, The Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,101p. 35. Hilton, J.W. (1989). The interaction of vitamins, minerals and diet composition in the diet of fish. Aquaculture, 79: 223-224. 36. Oberbach, H. and Hartfiel, W. (1988). Untersuchungen zum α-tocoferol-und selenbedarf von rosenbogen-forellen (Salmo gairdneri, L.) und patologishe langelerscheinungem bel aufnahme einer polyensaurereichen ration. Fat. Sci. Technol., 90: 97-101. 37. Gatlin III, D.M., Poe, E.W. and Wilson, R.P., 1986, Effecrs of singular and combined dietary deficiencies of selenium and vitamin E on Fingerling Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr., 116: 1061-1067. 38. Kim, K.W., Wang, X., Choi, S.M., Park, G.J., Koo, J.W. and Bai, S.C. (2003). No synergistic effects by the dietary supplementation of askorbic acid, α-tocopheryl acetate and selenium on the growrh performance and challange test of Edwardsiella tarda in fingerling Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquac. Res., 34: 1053-1058. 39. Ahmad, M.H., El-Marakby, H.I., Seden, M.E.A., Abdel-Tawwab, M. and Abou-El-Atta, M.E. (2006). The use of organic selenium in pratical diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): effect on growth performance, feed utilizarion, whole-body composition and entropathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila-challenge. 7th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Boca Del Rio, Veracruz, Mexico, 95-107. 40. Abdel-Tawwab, M., Mousa, A.A.M. and Abbass, F.E. (2007). Growth performance and physiological response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) fed organic selenium prior to exposure to enviromental copper toxicity. Aquaculture, 272: 335-345. 41. Bay, S., Vidal, D. and Schlenk, D. (2002). Effects of selenium accumulation on larval Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Technical Report, 33p. 42. Lall, S.P. (2002). “The minerals” in Fish Nutrition, (Ed) J.E., Halver, R.E. Hardy (Editors), Third Edition, Academic Press, New York, 260-305. 43. National Research Council (NRC) (1997). Nutrient Requiments of Fish. Washington, D.C, USA, National Acedemic Press, 71p. 44. Durve, V.S. and Lovell, R.T. (1982). Vitamin C and disease resistance in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 39(7): 948-951. 45. Li, Y. and Lovell, R.T. (1985). Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic asid increase immune responses in Channel catfish. J. Nutr., 115: 123-131. 46. Li, M.H., Jahnson, M.R. and Robinson, E.H. (1993). Elevated dietary vitamin C concentrations did not improve resistance of channel carfish, Ictalarus punctatus, against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Aquaculture, 117: 303-312. 47. Wise, D.J., Tomasso, J.R., Gatlin III, D.M., Bai, S.C. and Blazer, V.S. (1993). Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidadition, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in Channel catfish. J.Aquat. Anim. Health, 5: 177-182. 48. Hardie, L.J., Fletcher, T.C. and Secombes, C.J. (1990). The effect of vitamin E on the immune responce of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture, 87: 1-13. 49. Navarre, O. and Halver, J.E. (1989). Disease resistance and humoral antibody production in Rainbow trout fed high levels of vitamin C. Aquaculture, 79: 207-221. 50. Salte, R., Asgard, T. and Liestol, K. (1988). Vitamin E and selenium prophylaxis against “Hitra disease” in farmed Atlantic salmon a survival study). Aquaculture, 75: 45-55. 51. Hilton, J.W. and Hodson, P.V. (1983). Effects of increased dietary carbonhydrate on selenium metabolism and toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gaidneri). J. Nutr., 113: 1241-1248. 52. Poppe, T.T., Hastein, T., Froeslie, A., Koppanz, N. and Norheim, G. (1986). Nutritional aspects of haemorhagic syndrome “hitra disease” in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Dis. Aquat. Organism, 1: 155-162. 53. Sampaio, F.G., Kleeman, G.K., Carmo e Sà, M.V.de, Pereira, A. da S., Barros, M.M., Pezzato, L.E. (2004). Dietary level of vitamin E and selenium on diets for post larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum. Acta Sci.-Animal Sci., 26(1): 129-135. 54. Yuchuan, T. and Fayi, l. (1993). Selenium requirement of shrimp Penaeus chinensis. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limn., 11(3): 249-253. 55. Elia, A.C., Dörr, A.J.M., Prearo, M. and Abete, M.C. (2007). Detoxification enzymes of freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii fed a diet enriched in selenium: Preliminary results. Mar. Freshw. Behav. Phy., 40(3): 195-199. 56. Bell, J.G. and Cowey, B.C. (1989). Digestibility and bioavailability of dietary selenium from fish meal, selenite, selenomethionine and selenocystine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 81(1): 61-68. 57. Lorentzen, M., Maage, A. and Julshamn, K. (1998). Supplementing copper to a fish meal based diet fed to Atlantic salmon parr affects liver copper and selenium concentrations. Aquacult. Nutr., 4: 67-72. 58. Goldstein, R.M. and DeWeese, R.L. (1999). Comparison of trace element concentrations in tissue of common carp and ımplıcations for monitoring. J. Am. Water Resour. As., 35(5): 1133-1140. 59. Hamilton, J.S. (2003). Review of residue-based selenium toxicity thresholds for freshwater fish. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 56: 201-210. 60. Palace, V.P., Spallholz, J.E., Holm, J., Wautier, K., Evans, R.E. and Baron, C.L. (2004). Metabolism of selenomethionine by Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos can generate oxidative stress. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 58: 17-21. 61. Fjoelstad, M. and Heyeraas, A.L. (1985). Muscular and myocardial degenaration in cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., suffering from “hitra disease”. J. Fish. Dis., 8: 173-182. 62. Bell, J.G., Cowey, B.C., Adron, J.W. and Pırıe, B.J.S. (1987). Some effects of selenium deficiency on enzyme activities and indices of tissue peroxidation in Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 65: 43-54. 63. Orun, İ., Talas, Z.S., Özdemir, İ., Alkan, A. and Erdoğan, K. (2008). Antioxidative role of selenium on some tissues of (Cd2+ , Cr3+)- induces rainbow trout. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 71: 71-75. 64. Hicks, B.D., Hilton, J.W. and Ferguson, H.W. (1984). Influence of dietary selenium on the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri R. J. Fish. Dis., 7: 379-389.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 51 - 61, 19.09.2018
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Sarı, M. ve Çakmak, M.N. (1994). Balık Besleme, Fırat Üniversitesi Yayınları, No:37, Elazığ, 270s. 2. Köprücü, K. (2008). Balık Besleme, Fırat Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Balık Besleme Ders Notları, 151 s. 3. Çetinkaya, O. (1995). Balık Besleme, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 9, Van, 137s. 4. Wang, Y., Han, J., li, W. and Xu, Z. (2007). Effect of different selenium source on growth performances, glutathione peroxidase activities, muscle composition and selenium concentration of allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelise). Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 134: 243-251. 5. Choi, Y.J., Kim, N.N., Shin, H.S., Park, M.S., Kil, G.S. and Choi, C.Y. (2013). Effects of waterborne selenium exposure on the antioxidant and immunological activity in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Mol. Cell. Toxicol., 9: 365-373 6. Ateşşahin, A. (1999). Deneysel olarak selenyum zehirlenmesi oluşturulan koyunlarda kan ve doku selenyum düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 60s. 7. Jaramillo, F. (2006). Selenium Nutrition of morone hybrids including dietary requirments, bioavailability, toxıcity and effects on immune responses and disease resistance. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Texas A&M University, 100p. 8. Batı, B. (1991). Selenyumun β-Fenilditiyokarbazik Asit ile Spektrofotometrik Tayini. Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 72s. 9. Karadaş, F. (2001). Broyler Rasyonlarına Değişik Düzeylerde Katılan Organik Selenyumun Besi Performansı ve Karkas Kalitesine Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 62s. 10. Özmen, H. (1997). Yemlerle Verilen Selenyumun Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L.) Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 102s. 11. Baker, D.C., James, L.F., Hartley, W.J., Panter, K.E., Maynard, H.D. and Pfister, J. (1989). Toxicosis in Pigs Fed Selenium-Accumulating Astragolus Plant Species or Sodium Selenate. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50: 1369-1399. 12. Kumpulainen, J.T. (1993). Selenium in foods and diets of selected countries. J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Healt Dis., 7: 107-108. 13. Behne, D., Gessner, H. and Kyriakopoulos, A. (1996). Information on the selenium status concentrations in blood fractions, hair and nails. J. Trace Element Med. Bio., 10: 174-179. 14. Lovell, T. (1998). Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ABD, 267p. 15. Üstdal, M., Karaca, L., Türköz, Y., Kuş, S. ve Paşaoğlu, H. (2003). Biyokimya. Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., Malatya, 673s. 16. Sözbilir, N.B. ve Bayşu, N. (2008). Biyokimya. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara, 632s. 17. Mckenzie, R.C., Arthur, J.R., Miller, S.M, Raffery, T.S. and Beckett, G.J. (2002). “Selenium and the Immune System” in Nutritional and Immune Function, (Ed) Calder, C.F., Field, C.J. and Gill, H.S., CAB International, 229-250. 18. Lin, Y.H. and Shiau, S.Y. (2007). The effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, fed high copper. Aquaculture, 267: 38-43. 19. Mckenzie, R.C. (2000). Selenium, ultraviolet radiation and the skin. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 25: 1-7. 20. Mckenzie, R.C., Raffery, T.S. and Beckett, G.J. (1998). Selenium: an essential element for immune function. Immunol. Today, 19: 342-345. 21. Trenam, C.W., Blake, D.R. and Morris, C.J. (1992). Skin inflammation: reactive oxygen species and the role of iron. J. Invest. Dermatol., 99: 675-682. 22. Kremidjian-Schumacher, L., Roy, M., Wishe, H.I., Cohen, M.W. and Stotzky, G. (1996). Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 52(3): 227-239. 23. Dreher, I., Jakobs, T.C. and Köhrle, J. (1997). Cloning and characterization of the human selenoprotein P promoter. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 29364-29371. 24. Irwin, R.J., Mouwerk, M.V., Stevens, L., Seese, M.D. and Basham, W. (1997). Environmental contaminants encyclopedia selenium entry. Naitonal Park Servise, water reseorces divisions, water operations branch, Colorado, 114p. 25. Foster, L.H. and Summer, S. (1997). Selenium in health and disease: A review. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 37: 211-228. 26. Watanabe, T., Kiron, V. and Satoh, S. (1997). Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, 151: 185-207. 27. Sarı, M., Çerçi, H., Deniz, S., Şahin, K., Seven, P.T., Şahin, N., Çiftçi, M., Bolat, D., Önal, A., Azman, A.M., Güler, T., Karslı, M.A., Nursoy, H. ve Bingöl, T.N. (2008). Hayvan Besleme ve Besleme Hastalıkları. Medipres Matbaacılık Yayıncılık LTD. ŞTİ., 520s. 28. Poston, A.H., Combs Jr., F.G. and Leibovitz, L. (1976). Vitamin E and Selenium Interrelations in the diet of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Gross, Histological and Biochemical Deficiency Signs. J. Nutr., 106: 892-904. 29. Bell, J.G., Pirie, B.J.S., Adron, J.W. and Cowey, B.C. (1986). Some effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity and tissue pathology in Rainbow trout (Salmo gaidneri). Brit. J. Nutr., 55: 305-311. 30. Hilton, J.W., Hodson, P.V. and Slinger, S.J. (1980). The requirement and toxicity of selenium in Rainbow trout (Salmo gaidner). J. Nutr., 110: 2527-2535. 31. Gatlin III, D.M. and Wilson, R.P., 1984, Dietary selenium reguiment of fingerling Channel catfish. J. Nutr., 114: 627-633. 32. Wang, C. and Lowell, R.T. (1997). Organic selenium sources, selenomethionine and selenoyeast, have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source, sodium selenite, in diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 152: 223-234. 33. Lin, Y.H. and Shiau, S.Y. (2005). Dietary selenium requiments of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Aquaculture, 250: 356-363. 34. Cotter, P. (2006). Dietary selenium in cultured hybrid striped bass. Master Thesis, The Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,101p. 35. Hilton, J.W. (1989). The interaction of vitamins, minerals and diet composition in the diet of fish. Aquaculture, 79: 223-224. 36. Oberbach, H. and Hartfiel, W. (1988). Untersuchungen zum α-tocoferol-und selenbedarf von rosenbogen-forellen (Salmo gairdneri, L.) und patologishe langelerscheinungem bel aufnahme einer polyensaurereichen ration. Fat. Sci. Technol., 90: 97-101. 37. Gatlin III, D.M., Poe, E.W. and Wilson, R.P., 1986, Effecrs of singular and combined dietary deficiencies of selenium and vitamin E on Fingerling Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr., 116: 1061-1067. 38. Kim, K.W., Wang, X., Choi, S.M., Park, G.J., Koo, J.W. and Bai, S.C. (2003). No synergistic effects by the dietary supplementation of askorbic acid, α-tocopheryl acetate and selenium on the growrh performance and challange test of Edwardsiella tarda in fingerling Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquac. Res., 34: 1053-1058. 39. Ahmad, M.H., El-Marakby, H.I., Seden, M.E.A., Abdel-Tawwab, M. and Abou-El-Atta, M.E. (2006). The use of organic selenium in pratical diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): effect on growth performance, feed utilizarion, whole-body composition and entropathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila-challenge. 7th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Boca Del Rio, Veracruz, Mexico, 95-107. 40. Abdel-Tawwab, M., Mousa, A.A.M. and Abbass, F.E. (2007). Growth performance and physiological response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) fed organic selenium prior to exposure to enviromental copper toxicity. Aquaculture, 272: 335-345. 41. Bay, S., Vidal, D. and Schlenk, D. (2002). Effects of selenium accumulation on larval Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Technical Report, 33p. 42. Lall, S.P. (2002). “The minerals” in Fish Nutrition, (Ed) J.E., Halver, R.E. Hardy (Editors), Third Edition, Academic Press, New York, 260-305. 43. National Research Council (NRC) (1997). Nutrient Requiments of Fish. Washington, D.C, USA, National Acedemic Press, 71p. 44. Durve, V.S. and Lovell, R.T. (1982). Vitamin C and disease resistance in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 39(7): 948-951. 45. Li, Y. and Lovell, R.T. (1985). Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic asid increase immune responses in Channel catfish. J. Nutr., 115: 123-131. 46. Li, M.H., Jahnson, M.R. and Robinson, E.H. (1993). Elevated dietary vitamin C concentrations did not improve resistance of channel carfish, Ictalarus punctatus, against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Aquaculture, 117: 303-312. 47. Wise, D.J., Tomasso, J.R., Gatlin III, D.M., Bai, S.C. and Blazer, V.S. (1993). Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on red blood cell peroxidadition, glutathione peroxidase activity, and macrophage superoxide anion production in Channel catfish. J.Aquat. Anim. Health, 5: 177-182. 48. Hardie, L.J., Fletcher, T.C. and Secombes, C.J. (1990). The effect of vitamin E on the immune responce of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture, 87: 1-13. 49. Navarre, O. and Halver, J.E. (1989). Disease resistance and humoral antibody production in Rainbow trout fed high levels of vitamin C. Aquaculture, 79: 207-221. 50. Salte, R., Asgard, T. and Liestol, K. (1988). Vitamin E and selenium prophylaxis against “Hitra disease” in farmed Atlantic salmon a survival study). Aquaculture, 75: 45-55. 51. Hilton, J.W. and Hodson, P.V. (1983). Effects of increased dietary carbonhydrate on selenium metabolism and toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gaidneri). J. Nutr., 113: 1241-1248. 52. Poppe, T.T., Hastein, T., Froeslie, A., Koppanz, N. and Norheim, G. (1986). Nutritional aspects of haemorhagic syndrome “hitra disease” in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Dis. Aquat. Organism, 1: 155-162. 53. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | FBD |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Eylül 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Ocak 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2 |