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Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks izolatlarında kültüre dayalı ve moleküler yöntemlerle ilaç duyarlılığının belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 92 - 98, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1100645

Öz

Tüberküloz, tüm dünyada hala insan sağlığına en ciddi tehditlerden biridir. İlaç direncinin günden güne artması da bu durumun başlıca nedenlerindendir. İlaca dirençli Tüberküloz olgularının hızlı saptanması, dirençli suşların bulaşını önlemek ve etkili tedavi rejimine başlanması açısından önemlidir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks türleri arasında birbiri ile çok yakın ilişki bulunan ve insan tüberkülozuna sebep olan türler arasında Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis ve Mycobacterium africanum yer almaktadır. M.tuberculosis’in aksine, M.bovis başta sığırlar olmak üzere çok geniş memeli hayvan yelpazesini etkileyebilir ve bu yüzden M.bovis zoonotik özelliğe sahiptir. Bu nedenle hastalıkla mücadelede ve antibiyotik direnç oluşum mekanizmalarını anlamada konuya tek sağlık penceresinden bakmak büyük önem arz etmektedir. Yapılan bu derlemede Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks izolatlarında ilaç duyarlılıklarının belirleme yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Andrews JR, Gandhı NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken, L, Moll AP ve diğerleri (2008). Exogenous reinfection as a cause of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural South Africa. J Infect Diseases, 198 (11), 1582-1589. https://doi.org/10.1086/592991
  • Referan2 Aktas E, Durmaz R, Yang D,Yang Z, (2005). Molecular characterization of isoniazid and rifampin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Malatya, Turkey. Microbial drug resistance, 11 (2), 94-99. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.94
  • Referans3 Anne Ns, Ronald Bsm, Kumar Tmas, Kannan P, Thangavelu A, (2017). Molecular identification of Mycobacterıum tuberculosis in cattle. Vet Microbiol 198:81–7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.013
  • Referans4 Banerjee A, Dubnau E, Quemard A, Balasubramanıan V, Um Ks, Wılson T, Et Al, (1994).InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science, 263 (5144), 227-230. doi: 10.1126/science.8284673
  • Referans5 Bilal S, Iqbal M, Murphy P, Power J, (2010). Human bovine tuberculosise remains in the differential. J Med Microbiol 59:1379e82. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.020511-0
  • Referans6 Bergval I, Vıjzelaar R, Dalla Costa, E, Schuıtema- Oskam L, Krıtskı A, Et Al, (2008). Development of multiplex assay for rapid characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 46 (2), 689-699. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01821-07
  • Referans7 Beckton Dıckınson (2010) BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE Kiti Kullanım Prosedürü.
  • Referans8 Bobadilla-del Valle M, Torres-González P, Cervera-Hernández ME, Martínez-Gamboa A, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Chávez-Mazari B, Ortiz-Conchi N, Rodríguez-Cruz L, Cervantes-Sánchez A, Gudiño-Enríquez T, Cinta-Severo C, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Ponce de León A, (2015). Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Sep 30;9(9):e0004124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124. PMID: 26421930; PMCID: PMC4589280.
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  • Referans10 Cardoso Ma, Cardoso RF, Hırata Rdc, Hırata Mh, Leite Cqf, Santos Acb, Et Al, (2009). Direct detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine lymph nodes by PCR. Zoonoses Public Health 56:465e70. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01199.x
  • Referans11 Cho SN, (2007). Current issues on molecular and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis. Yonsei Med J, 48 (3), 347-359. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.347
  • Referans12 Kwok Chiu Chang, Wing Wai Yew, Raphael Chiu Yeung Chan, Rapid assays for fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 65, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1551–1561, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq202
  • Referans13 CLSI, (2011). Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes approved standard CLSI document M24-A2 (2 bs.). Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
  • Referans14 Cousıns DV (2001). Mycobacterıum bovis infection and control in domestic livestock. Rev Sci Technol Off Int Epiz 2001;20:71–85. doi: 10.20506/rst.20.1.1263
  • Referans15 Cosivi O, Grange JM, Daborn CJ, Raviglione MC, Fujikura T, Et Al, (1998). Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 4: 59–70. PMID: 9452399
  • Referans16 Chakravorty S, Aladegbamı B, Thoms K, Lee JS, Lee EG, Rajan V, Et Al, (2011). Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant and heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by use of sloppy molecular beacons and dual melting-temperature codes in a “real-time PCR” assay. J Clin Microbiol 49 (3), 932-940 doi: 10.1128/JCM.02271-10
  • Referans17 Chan TH, Huang CS, Tu C, Jou R. Bovine tuberculosis in Taiwan, 2008-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14371. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34724711.
  • Referans18 Durmaz R, (2010). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Suşlarında Direncin Belirlenmesinde Moleküler Yöntemler/Son Gelişmeler. Ankem Derg, 24(Ek 2), 64-70.
  • Referans19 Durmaz R, (2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis’de direnç sorunu. ANKEM Derg 19(2): 107-110.
  • Referans20 De Vıedma DG, Infantes MDSD, Lasala F, Chaves F, Alcala L, Bouza E, (2002). New real-time PCR able to detect in a single tube multiple rifampin resistance mutations and high-level isoniazid resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol, 40 (3), 988-995 doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.988-995.2002
  • Referans21 De Kantor IN, Ambroggi M, Poggi S, Morcillo N, Da Silva Telles MA, Et Al, (2008). Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in ten Latin American countries. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 88: 358–365.
  • Referans22 De Kantor IN, LoBue PA, Thoen CO, (2010). Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14: 1369–1373. PMID:20937174
  • Referans23 Espy M, Uhl J, Sloan L, Buckwalter S, Jones M, Vetter E, Et Al, (2006). “Real-Time PCR” in clinical microbiology: applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Reviews, 19 (1), 165-256. doi: 10.1128/CMR.19.1.165-256.2006
  • Referans24 Economou V, Gousia P, (2015). Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Infect Drug Resist 8: 49–61. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S55778 PMID: 25878509
  • Referans25 Fıtzgerald SD, Schooley AM, Berry DE, Kaneene JB, (2011). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from Michigan white-tailed deer during the 2009 hunting season. Vet Med Int doi: 10.4061/2011/903683
  • Referans26 Galagan JE, (2014). Genomic insights into tuberculosisNat Rev Genet 15: 307e20 doi: 10.1038/nrg3664
  • Referans27 Grange JM, (2001). Mycobacterium bovis infection in human beings. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 81: 71–77.
  • Referans28 Hope JC, Vılla-Real Ramos B, (2008). Bovine TB and the development of new vaccines. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.2008;31:77–100.doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.003
  • Referans29 Hlavsa MC, Moonan PK, Cowan LS, Navin TR, Kammmerer JS, Morlock GP, Et Al, (2008). Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995- 2005. Clin Infect Dis 47(2):168e75. doi: 10.1086/589240
  • Referans30 Jıang G, Wang G, Chen S, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao L, Et Al, (2015). Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in China. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep08538
  • Referans31 Kaneene JB, Miller R, Steele JH, Thoen CO, (2014). Preventing and controlling zoonotic tuberculosis: a One Health approach. Vet Ital. Jan-Mar;50(1):7-22. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.1302.08.
  • Referans32 Kester JC, Fortune SM, (2014). Persisters and beyond: mechanisms of phenotypic drug resistance and drug tolerance in bacteria. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2014; 49:91–101. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.869543 PMID: 24328927
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  • Referans34 Luo T, Jıang L, Sun W, Fu G, Meı J,Gao Q, (2011). Multiplex real-time PCR melting curve assay to detect drug-resistant mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol, 49 (9), 3132-3138. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02046-10
  • Referans35 Lı X, Zhang Y, Shen X, Shen G, Guı X, Sun B, Et Al, (2007). Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis among treated patients in Shanghai, China. J Infect Diseases, 195 (6), 864-869. doi: 10.1086/511985
  • Referans36 Mueller B, Durr S, Alonso S, Hattendorf J, Laısse CJ, Parsons SD, Et Al, (2013). Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans. Emerg Infect Dis:899e908. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.120543
  • Referans37 McLaughlin AM, Gibbons N, Fitzgibbon M, Power JT, Foley SC, Et Al, (2012). Primary isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis disease: a prospect of concern. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186: 110–111. PMID: 22753693
  • Referans38 Ocepek M, Pate M, Zolnirdovc M, Pol JAK, (2005). M. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:3555–7. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3555-3557.2005
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Determination of drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates by culture based and molecular methods

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 92 - 98, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1100645

Öz

Tuberculosis is still one of the most serious threats to human health around the world. Increasing of the drug resistance is one of the main cause of this state. Early diagnosis of drug-resistant Tuberculosis cases is urgently needed to prevent the transmission of resistant strains and to optimize treatment regimens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes closely related species among which M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M.africanum are the most frequently associated with human disease. Unlike M. tuberculosis, M. bovis can infect a broad range of mammals, especially cattle and, therefore, M. bovis has zoonotic properties. For this reason, it is of great importance to look at the issue from a single health perspective in the fight against the disease and in understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance formation. In this review, information about the methods of determining drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates is given.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Andrews JR, Gandhı NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken, L, Moll AP ve diğerleri (2008). Exogenous reinfection as a cause of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural South Africa. J Infect Diseases, 198 (11), 1582-1589. https://doi.org/10.1086/592991
  • Referan2 Aktas E, Durmaz R, Yang D,Yang Z, (2005). Molecular characterization of isoniazid and rifampin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Malatya, Turkey. Microbial drug resistance, 11 (2), 94-99. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.94
  • Referans3 Anne Ns, Ronald Bsm, Kumar Tmas, Kannan P, Thangavelu A, (2017). Molecular identification of Mycobacterıum tuberculosis in cattle. Vet Microbiol 198:81–7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.013
  • Referans4 Banerjee A, Dubnau E, Quemard A, Balasubramanıan V, Um Ks, Wılson T, Et Al, (1994).InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science, 263 (5144), 227-230. doi: 10.1126/science.8284673
  • Referans5 Bilal S, Iqbal M, Murphy P, Power J, (2010). Human bovine tuberculosise remains in the differential. J Med Microbiol 59:1379e82. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.020511-0
  • Referans6 Bergval I, Vıjzelaar R, Dalla Costa, E, Schuıtema- Oskam L, Krıtskı A, Et Al, (2008). Development of multiplex assay for rapid characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 46 (2), 689-699. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01821-07
  • Referans7 Beckton Dıckınson (2010) BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE Kiti Kullanım Prosedürü.
  • Referans8 Bobadilla-del Valle M, Torres-González P, Cervera-Hernández ME, Martínez-Gamboa A, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Chávez-Mazari B, Ortiz-Conchi N, Rodríguez-Cruz L, Cervantes-Sánchez A, Gudiño-Enríquez T, Cinta-Severo C, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Ponce de León A, (2015). Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Sep 30;9(9):e0004124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124. PMID: 26421930; PMCID: PMC4589280.
  • Referans9 Blakemore R, Story E, Helb D, Kop J, Banada P, Owens M, Et Al, (2010). Evaluation of the analytical performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. J Clin Microbiol 48 (7), 2495-2501. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00128-10
  • Referans10 Cardoso Ma, Cardoso RF, Hırata Rdc, Hırata Mh, Leite Cqf, Santos Acb, Et Al, (2009). Direct detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine lymph nodes by PCR. Zoonoses Public Health 56:465e70. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01199.x
  • Referans11 Cho SN, (2007). Current issues on molecular and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis. Yonsei Med J, 48 (3), 347-359. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.347
  • Referans12 Kwok Chiu Chang, Wing Wai Yew, Raphael Chiu Yeung Chan, Rapid assays for fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 65, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1551–1561, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq202
  • Referans13 CLSI, (2011). Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes approved standard CLSI document M24-A2 (2 bs.). Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
  • Referans14 Cousıns DV (2001). Mycobacterıum bovis infection and control in domestic livestock. Rev Sci Technol Off Int Epiz 2001;20:71–85. doi: 10.20506/rst.20.1.1263
  • Referans15 Cosivi O, Grange JM, Daborn CJ, Raviglione MC, Fujikura T, Et Al, (1998). Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 4: 59–70. PMID: 9452399
  • Referans16 Chakravorty S, Aladegbamı B, Thoms K, Lee JS, Lee EG, Rajan V, Et Al, (2011). Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant and heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by use of sloppy molecular beacons and dual melting-temperature codes in a “real-time PCR” assay. J Clin Microbiol 49 (3), 932-940 doi: 10.1128/JCM.02271-10
  • Referans17 Chan TH, Huang CS, Tu C, Jou R. Bovine tuberculosis in Taiwan, 2008-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14371. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34724711.
  • Referans18 Durmaz R, (2010). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Suşlarında Direncin Belirlenmesinde Moleküler Yöntemler/Son Gelişmeler. Ankem Derg, 24(Ek 2), 64-70.
  • Referans19 Durmaz R, (2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis’de direnç sorunu. ANKEM Derg 19(2): 107-110.
  • Referans20 De Vıedma DG, Infantes MDSD, Lasala F, Chaves F, Alcala L, Bouza E, (2002). New real-time PCR able to detect in a single tube multiple rifampin resistance mutations and high-level isoniazid resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol, 40 (3), 988-995 doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.988-995.2002
  • Referans21 De Kantor IN, Ambroggi M, Poggi S, Morcillo N, Da Silva Telles MA, Et Al, (2008). Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in ten Latin American countries. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 88: 358–365.
  • Referans22 De Kantor IN, LoBue PA, Thoen CO, (2010). Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14: 1369–1373. PMID:20937174
  • Referans23 Espy M, Uhl J, Sloan L, Buckwalter S, Jones M, Vetter E, Et Al, (2006). “Real-Time PCR” in clinical microbiology: applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Reviews, 19 (1), 165-256. doi: 10.1128/CMR.19.1.165-256.2006
  • Referans24 Economou V, Gousia P, (2015). Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Infect Drug Resist 8: 49–61. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S55778 PMID: 25878509
  • Referans25 Fıtzgerald SD, Schooley AM, Berry DE, Kaneene JB, (2011). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from Michigan white-tailed deer during the 2009 hunting season. Vet Med Int doi: 10.4061/2011/903683
  • Referans26 Galagan JE, (2014). Genomic insights into tuberculosisNat Rev Genet 15: 307e20 doi: 10.1038/nrg3664
  • Referans27 Grange JM, (2001). Mycobacterium bovis infection in human beings. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 81: 71–77.
  • Referans28 Hope JC, Vılla-Real Ramos B, (2008). Bovine TB and the development of new vaccines. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.2008;31:77–100.doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.003
  • Referans29 Hlavsa MC, Moonan PK, Cowan LS, Navin TR, Kammmerer JS, Morlock GP, Et Al, (2008). Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995- 2005. Clin Infect Dis 47(2):168e75. doi: 10.1086/589240
  • Referans30 Jıang G, Wang G, Chen S, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao L, Et Al, (2015). Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in China. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep08538
  • Referans31 Kaneene JB, Miller R, Steele JH, Thoen CO, (2014). Preventing and controlling zoonotic tuberculosis: a One Health approach. Vet Ital. Jan-Mar;50(1):7-22. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.1302.08.
  • Referans32 Kester JC, Fortune SM, (2014). Persisters and beyond: mechanisms of phenotypic drug resistance and drug tolerance in bacteria. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2014; 49:91–101. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.869543 PMID: 24328927
  • Referans33 Kurbatova EV, Cavanaugh JS, Dalton T, E SC, Cegielski JP, (2013). Epidemiology of pyrazinamide resistant tuberculosis in the United States, 1999–2009. Clin Infect Dis 57: 1081–1093. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit452 PMID: 23840002
  • Referans34 Luo T, Jıang L, Sun W, Fu G, Meı J,Gao Q, (2011). Multiplex real-time PCR melting curve assay to detect drug-resistant mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol, 49 (9), 3132-3138. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02046-10
  • Referans35 Lı X, Zhang Y, Shen X, Shen G, Guı X, Sun B, Et Al, (2007). Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis among treated patients in Shanghai, China. J Infect Diseases, 195 (6), 864-869. doi: 10.1086/511985
  • Referans36 Mueller B, Durr S, Alonso S, Hattendorf J, Laısse CJ, Parsons SD, Et Al, (2013). Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans. Emerg Infect Dis:899e908. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.120543
  • Referans37 McLaughlin AM, Gibbons N, Fitzgibbon M, Power JT, Foley SC, Et Al, (2012). Primary isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis disease: a prospect of concern. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186: 110–111. PMID: 22753693
  • Referans38 Ocepek M, Pate M, Zolnirdovc M, Pol JAK, (2005). M. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:3555–7. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3555-3557.2005
  • Referans39 Öz Y, Aslan M, Akşit F, Durmaz G, Kiraz N, (2012). Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks izolatlarının primer antitüberküloz ilaçlara duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesi. ANKEM Derg 26(1): 20-24.
  • Referans40 Palomıno JC, (2009). Molecular detection, identification and drug resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiol, 56 (2), 103-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00555.x
  • Referans41 Paramasıvan CN, Venkataraman P, (2004). Review article on drug resistance in tuberculosis inIndia. Indian J Med Res 2004;120:377–86.
  • Referans42 Perezosorıo AC, Boyle DS, Ingham ZK, Ostash A, Gautom RK, Colombel C, Et Al, (2012). Rapid identification of mycobacteria and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by use of a single multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol, 50 (2), 326-336. doi: 10.1128/JCM.05570-11
  • Referans43 Rodwell TC, Moore M, Moser KS, Brodine SK, Strathdee SA, (2008). Tuberculosis from Mycobacterium bovis in binational communities, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 14:909e16 doi: 10.3201/eid1406.071485
  • Referans44 Sagasti S, Milla´n-Lou MI, Soledad Jime´nez M, Martı´n C, Samper S, (2016). In-depth analysis of the genome sequence of a clinical, extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain. Tuberculosis. 2016;100:46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.005 PMID: 27553409
  • Referans45 Scarparo C, Rıcordı P, Ruggıero G, Pıccolı P, (2004). Evaluation of the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide, streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol and comparison with the radiometric BACTEC 460TB method. J Clin Microbiol 42 (3), 1109-1114.
  • Referans46 Sechı LA, Zanetti S, Sanguınettı M, Molıcottı P, Romano L, Leorı G, Et Al, (2001). Molecular basis of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated in Sardinia, Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(6):1645e8. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.6.1645-1648.2001
  • Referans47 Schiller I, Waters Wr, Vordermeier Hm, Jemmi T, Welsh M, Keck N, Whelan A, Gormley E, Boschiroli ML, (2011). Bovine tuberculosis in Europe from the perspective of an officially tuberculosis free country: trade, surveillance and diagnostics. Vet Microbiol 2011;15:153–9 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.039
  • Referans48 Sweetline Anne, N., Ronald, B. S. M., Senthil Kumar, T. M. A., & Thangavelu,A., (2019). Conventional and molecular determination of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis isolates in cattle.Tuberculosis, 114, 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2018.12.005
  • Referans49 Vazquez-Chacon CA, Martinez-Guarneros A, Campos SB, Herrera JL, Bäcker C, Rossi LMG, Et Al, (2013). Circulation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Mexico. Am J Infect Dis. 2014; 10:174.
  • Referans50 World Health Organization, (2017). Roadmap for zoonotic tuberculosis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/259229/9789241513043eng.pdf;jsessionid=B3CE137C7E7ED125A182E6BFB1B10819?sequence=1
  • Referans51 World Health Organization, (2018). Technical manual for drug susceptibility testing of medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275469/9789241514842eng.pdf?ua=1
  • Referans52 World Health Organization, (2019). Global tuberculosis report 2019. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2019.
  • Referans53 Yang Z, Durmaz R, Yang D, Gunal S, Zhang L, Foxman B, Et Al, (2005). Simultaneous detection of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol resistance of Mycobacteriutuberculosis by a single multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 53 (3), 201-208. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.007
  • Referans54 Zeka AN, Tasbakan S, Cavusoglu C, (2011). Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection of rifampin resistance in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. J Clin Microbiol 49 (12), 4138-4141. doi: 10.1128/JCM.05434-11
  • Referans55 Zhang Y, Heym B, Allen B, Young D, Cole S, (1992). The catalase peroxidase gene and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature, 358, 591-593 doi: 10.1038/358591a0
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Halil Pir 0000-0001-9078-3122

Hakan Yardımcı 0000-0002-5994-5792

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pir, H., & Yardımcı, H. (2022). Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks izolatlarında kültüre dayalı ve moleküler yöntemlerle ilaç duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 33(2), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1100645


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