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The Effect of Lithium Toxicity on the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Brain

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 38, 435 - 439, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1139370

Öz

Although lithium is widely used as a standard in decreasing episodes of depression and mania, for its long-term stabilization and efficacy in reducing suicide risk, its use has recently declined due to side effects and the associated toxicity burden. We did this study with the Carassius auratus fish as a model to learn about the adverse effects and toxicity of lithium on the brain. The spectrophotometric approach was used to investigate the effects of a lithium dosage (50 mg/L) in Carassius auratus at various periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96). As a result, the enzymes catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the Carassius auratus brain were shown to be altered by lithium chloride (LiCl).

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). [13] Catalase in vitro. In Methods in enzymology (Vol. 105, pp. 121-126). Academic press.‏
  • Ahmad, I., Hamid, T., Fatima, M., Chand, H. S., Jain, S. K., Athar, M., & Raisuddin, S. (2000). Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1523(1), 37-48.‏
  • Ansari, T. M., Marr, I. L., & Tariq, N. (2004). Heavy metals in marine pollution perspective-a mini review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(1), 1-20.‏
  • Anusuya, L., & Hemalatha, O. (2014). Effect of 2, 4-D pesticide on fish physiology and its antioxidant stress. World Journal of Fish and marine Sciences, 6(1), 98-100.‏
  • Aral, H., & Vecchio-Sadus, A. (2008). Toxicity of lithium to humans and the environment—a literature review. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 70(3), 349-356.‏
  • Bhalla, P., Garg, M. L., & Dhawan, D. K. (2010). Protective role of lithium during aluminium-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochemistry international, 56(2), 256-262.‏
  • Braunbeck, T., Hauck, C. R., Scholz, S., & Segner, H. (1995). Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells: contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction. Zeitschrift für angewandte Zoologie, 81, 55-72.‏
  • Bury, N. R., Walker, P. A., & Glover, C. N. (2003). Nutritive metal uptake in teleost fish. Journal of experimental biology, 206(1), 11-23.‏
  • Chaudhary, G., & Gupta, Y. K. (2001). Lithium does not synergize the peripheral action of cholinomimetics as seen in the central nervous system. Life Sciences, 68(18), 2115-2121.‏
  • De Boer, J. D., Stronck, C. J. N., Traag, W. A., & Van der Meer, J. (1993). Non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine and freshwater fish and shellfish from the Netherlands. Chemosphere, 26(10), 1823-1842.‏
  • De Roos, N. M., de Vries, J. H., & Katan, M. B. (2001). Serum lithium as a compliance marker for food and supplement intake. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 73(1), 75-79.‏
  • Dimitrova, M. S., Tishinova, V., & Velcheva, V. (1994). Combined effect of zinc and lead on the hepatic superoxide dismutase-catalase system in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 108(1), 43-46.‏
  • Farombi, E. O., Ajimoko, Y. R., & Adelowo, O. A. (2008). Effect of butachlor on antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation in fresh water African catfish,(Clarias gariepinus). International journal of environmental research and public health, 5(5), 423-427.‏
  • Furey, M. L., & Drevets, W. C. (2006). Antidepressant efficacy of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Archives of general psychiatry, 63(10), 1121-1129.‏
  • Grosell, M., & Wood, C. M. (2002). Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills: mechanisms of apical entry. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205(8), 1179-1188.‏
  • Hamilton, H. (1995). The thermal cycling behaviour of lithium titanate. Journal of nuclear materials, 219, 274-283.‏
  • Jin, Y., Zhang, X., Shu, L., Chen, L., Sun, L., Qian, H., ... & Fu, Z. (2010). Oxidative stress response and gene expression with atrazine exposure in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere, 78(7), 846-852.‏
  • John, S., Kale, M., Rathore, N., & Bhatnagar, D. (2001). Protective effect of vitamin E in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 12(9), 500-504.‏
  • Kszos, L. A., & Stewart, A. J. (2003). Review of lithium in the aquatic environment: distribution in the United States, toxicity and case example of groundwater contamination. Ecotoxicology, 12(5), 439-447.‏
  • Labbé, J. F., & Daw, G. (2012). Panorama 2011 du marché du lithium (Doctoral dissertation, Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières [BRGM]; Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne [CES]).‏
  • Lazou, A., & Beis, A. (1993). Lithium induces changes in the plasma membrane protein pattern of early amphibian embryos. Biology of the Cell, 77, 265-268.‏
  • Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Zlabek, V., Grabic, R., Machova, J., Kolarova, J., & Randak, T. (2010). Hepatic antioxidant status and hematological parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after chronic exposure to carbamazepine. Chemico-biological interactions, 183(1), 98-104.‏
  • Luoma, S. N. (1983). Bioavailability of trace metals to aquatic organisms—a review. Science of the total environment, 28(1-3), 1-22.‏
  • Murphy, H. M., & Jenkins, G. P. (2010). Observational methods used in marine spatial monitoring of fishes and associated habitats: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research, 61(2), 236-252.‏
  • O'Brien, R. D. (2016). Toxic phosphorus esters: Chemistry, metabolism, and biological effects. Elsevier.‏
  • Oruç, E. Ö. (2010). Oxidative stress, steroid hormone concentrations and acetylcholinesterase activity in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 96(3), 160-166.‏
  • Padilla, S. (1995). Regulatory and research issues related to cholinesterase inhibition. Toxicology, 102(1-2), 215-220.‏
  • Pilson, M. E. (2012). An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea. cambridge university press.‏
  • Placer, Z. A., Cushman, L. L., & Johnson, B. C. (1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Analytical biochemistry, 16(2), 359-364.‏
  • Richelson, E. (1977). Lithium ion entry through the sodium channel of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells: a biochemical study. Science, 196(4293), 1001-1002.‏
  • Silver, A. (1974). The biology of cholinesterases.‏
  • Stachel, S. E., Grunwald, D. J., & Myers, P. Z. (1993). Lithium perturbation and goosecoid expression identify a dorsal specification pathway in the pregastrula zebrafish. Development, 117(4), 1261-1274.‏
  • Stara, A., Machova, J., & Velisek, J. (2012). Effect of chronic exposure to simazine on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33(2), 334-343.‏
  • ThangaMalathi, S., & Anuradha, V. (2020). Lithium Induced Toxicity Profile of Oxygen Consumption, Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Profiles of Channa punctatus and Oreochromis niloticus. Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 19(2).‏
  • Varga, S. I., & Matkovics, B. (1997). Organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 117(1), 83-88.‏
  • Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R. J., & Greenberg, M. E. (1995). Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science, 270(5240), 1326-1331. ‏

Lityum Toksisitesinin Japon Balığı (Carassius auratus) Beynine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 38, 435 - 439, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1139370

Öz

Lityum, depresyon ve mani ataklarını azaltmada yaygın olarak standart olarak kullanılmasına rağmen, uzun vadeli stabilizasyonu ve intihar riskini azaltmadaki etkinliği nedeniyle, kullanımı yan etkiler ve ilişkili toksisite yükü nedeniyle son zamanlarda azalmıştır. Bu çalışmayı, lityumun beyin üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve toksisitesini öğrenmek için model olarak Carassius auratus balığı ile yaptık. Lityum dozajının (50 mg/L) Carassius auratus'taki etkilerini çeşitli periyotlarda (24 saat, 48 saat, 72 saat ve 96) araştırmak için spektrofotometrik yaklaşım kullanıldı. Sonuç olarak Carassius auratus beynindeki Katalaz (CAT), Süperoksit Dismutaz (SOD) ve Glutatyon Peroksidaz (GSH-Px) enzimlerinin lityum klorür (LiCl) tarafından değiştirildiği gösterildi.

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). [13] Catalase in vitro. In Methods in enzymology (Vol. 105, pp. 121-126). Academic press.‏
  • Ahmad, I., Hamid, T., Fatima, M., Chand, H. S., Jain, S. K., Athar, M., & Raisuddin, S. (2000). Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1523(1), 37-48.‏
  • Ansari, T. M., Marr, I. L., & Tariq, N. (2004). Heavy metals in marine pollution perspective-a mini review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(1), 1-20.‏
  • Anusuya, L., & Hemalatha, O. (2014). Effect of 2, 4-D pesticide on fish physiology and its antioxidant stress. World Journal of Fish and marine Sciences, 6(1), 98-100.‏
  • Aral, H., & Vecchio-Sadus, A. (2008). Toxicity of lithium to humans and the environment—a literature review. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 70(3), 349-356.‏
  • Bhalla, P., Garg, M. L., & Dhawan, D. K. (2010). Protective role of lithium during aluminium-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochemistry international, 56(2), 256-262.‏
  • Braunbeck, T., Hauck, C. R., Scholz, S., & Segner, H. (1995). Mixed function oxygenases in cultured fish cells: contributions of in vitro studies to the understanding of MFO induction. Zeitschrift für angewandte Zoologie, 81, 55-72.‏
  • Bury, N. R., Walker, P. A., & Glover, C. N. (2003). Nutritive metal uptake in teleost fish. Journal of experimental biology, 206(1), 11-23.‏
  • Chaudhary, G., & Gupta, Y. K. (2001). Lithium does not synergize the peripheral action of cholinomimetics as seen in the central nervous system. Life Sciences, 68(18), 2115-2121.‏
  • De Boer, J. D., Stronck, C. J. N., Traag, W. A., & Van der Meer, J. (1993). Non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine and freshwater fish and shellfish from the Netherlands. Chemosphere, 26(10), 1823-1842.‏
  • De Roos, N. M., de Vries, J. H., & Katan, M. B. (2001). Serum lithium as a compliance marker for food and supplement intake. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 73(1), 75-79.‏
  • Dimitrova, M. S., Tishinova, V., & Velcheva, V. (1994). Combined effect of zinc and lead on the hepatic superoxide dismutase-catalase system in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 108(1), 43-46.‏
  • Farombi, E. O., Ajimoko, Y. R., & Adelowo, O. A. (2008). Effect of butachlor on antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation in fresh water African catfish,(Clarias gariepinus). International journal of environmental research and public health, 5(5), 423-427.‏
  • Furey, M. L., & Drevets, W. C. (2006). Antidepressant efficacy of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Archives of general psychiatry, 63(10), 1121-1129.‏
  • Grosell, M., & Wood, C. M. (2002). Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills: mechanisms of apical entry. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205(8), 1179-1188.‏
  • Hamilton, H. (1995). The thermal cycling behaviour of lithium titanate. Journal of nuclear materials, 219, 274-283.‏
  • Jin, Y., Zhang, X., Shu, L., Chen, L., Sun, L., Qian, H., ... & Fu, Z. (2010). Oxidative stress response and gene expression with atrazine exposure in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere, 78(7), 846-852.‏
  • John, S., Kale, M., Rathore, N., & Bhatnagar, D. (2001). Protective effect of vitamin E in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 12(9), 500-504.‏
  • Kszos, L. A., & Stewart, A. J. (2003). Review of lithium in the aquatic environment: distribution in the United States, toxicity and case example of groundwater contamination. Ecotoxicology, 12(5), 439-447.‏
  • Labbé, J. F., & Daw, G. (2012). Panorama 2011 du marché du lithium (Doctoral dissertation, Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières [BRGM]; Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne [CES]).‏
  • Lazou, A., & Beis, A. (1993). Lithium induces changes in the plasma membrane protein pattern of early amphibian embryos. Biology of the Cell, 77, 265-268.‏
  • Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Zlabek, V., Grabic, R., Machova, J., Kolarova, J., & Randak, T. (2010). Hepatic antioxidant status and hematological parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after chronic exposure to carbamazepine. Chemico-biological interactions, 183(1), 98-104.‏
  • Luoma, S. N. (1983). Bioavailability of trace metals to aquatic organisms—a review. Science of the total environment, 28(1-3), 1-22.‏
  • Murphy, H. M., & Jenkins, G. P. (2010). Observational methods used in marine spatial monitoring of fishes and associated habitats: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research, 61(2), 236-252.‏
  • O'Brien, R. D. (2016). Toxic phosphorus esters: Chemistry, metabolism, and biological effects. Elsevier.‏
  • Oruç, E. Ö. (2010). Oxidative stress, steroid hormone concentrations and acetylcholinesterase activity in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 96(3), 160-166.‏
  • Padilla, S. (1995). Regulatory and research issues related to cholinesterase inhibition. Toxicology, 102(1-2), 215-220.‏
  • Pilson, M. E. (2012). An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea. cambridge university press.‏
  • Placer, Z. A., Cushman, L. L., & Johnson, B. C. (1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Analytical biochemistry, 16(2), 359-364.‏
  • Richelson, E. (1977). Lithium ion entry through the sodium channel of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells: a biochemical study. Science, 196(4293), 1001-1002.‏
  • Silver, A. (1974). The biology of cholinesterases.‏
  • Stachel, S. E., Grunwald, D. J., & Myers, P. Z. (1993). Lithium perturbation and goosecoid expression identify a dorsal specification pathway in the pregastrula zebrafish. Development, 117(4), 1261-1274.‏
  • Stara, A., Machova, J., & Velisek, J. (2012). Effect of chronic exposure to simazine on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33(2), 334-343.‏
  • ThangaMalathi, S., & Anuradha, V. (2020). Lithium Induced Toxicity Profile of Oxygen Consumption, Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Profiles of Channa punctatus and Oreochromis niloticus. Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 19(2).‏
  • Varga, S. I., & Matkovics, B. (1997). Organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 117(1), 83-88.‏
  • Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R. J., & Greenberg, M. E. (1995). Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science, 270(5240), 1326-1331. ‏
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin 0000-0003-0071-7434

Sama El-tekreti 0000-0003-2480-4567

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA Çilingir Yeltekin, A., & El-tekreti, S. (2022). The Effect of Lithium Toxicity on the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Brain. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(38), 435-439. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1139370