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Preliminary study on otolith chemistry and otolith morphology of two demersal fish species, European hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sea of Marmara

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4, 515 - 521, 15.12.2021

Habib Bal Selim Esen

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.13

Öz


Otoliths are calcium carbonate (CaCO3) accumulations. Under the influence of different ecosystems morphological and chemical composition change. In this study, economically important two demersal fish species; European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) and Stripet red mullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) was examined. Otoliths (Sagitta) belonging to these two species have been studied both chemically and morphologicall. Morphometric measurements of otoliths (length, mm; width, mm; area, mm2; perimeter, mm) in the sagittal of each species was made by the Leica M125 tri-ocular microscope. In the chemical analysis of otoliths, strontium (Sr), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) trace element amounts, the ratios of Sr and Mg trace elements to Ca element (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) were determined. For the micro-chemical analysis of otoliths ICP-MS was used. The highest magnesium (24.92±9.57 mmol/mol) and strontium (26.17±1.81 mmol/mol) element values were found in the otolith of red mullet. The difference between strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) amounts for two fish species was found to be significant (P<0.05). In addition to it was found that the difference between them in the amount of calcium is significant (P<0.001). The shape indexes of otoliths are significantly different between the two fish species. Especially in terms of roundness (RD) and aspect ratio (AR) (P<0.001). The results of this study provide information about the habitats of two economic importance demersal fish species. Since such studies can give information about the habitat areas of fish species, they are important for tracking stocks, migration routes and sustainable fisheries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demersal fish otolith chemistry otolith morphology Sea of Marmara

Kaynakça

  • Avigliano, E., Martinez, C.F.R. & Volpedo, A.V. (2014). Combined use of otolith microchemistry and morphometry as indicators of the habitat of the silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) in a freshwater–estuarine environment. Fisheries Research, 149, 55-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.09.013
  • Avigliano, E. & Volpedo, A.V. (2013). Use of otolith strontium: calcium ratio as an indicator of seasonal displacements of the silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) in a freshwater–marine environment. Marine and Freshwater Research, 64(8), 746-751. DOI: 10.1071/MF12165
  • Bakkari, W., Mejri, M., Ben Mohamed, S., Chalh, A., Quignard, J.P. & Trabelsi, M. (2020). Shape and Symmetry in the otolith of two different species Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus (actinopterygii: perciformes: mullidae) in Tunisian waters. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(2). DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02760
  • Bal, H., Türker, D. & Zengin, K. (2018). Morphological characteristics of otolith for four fish species in the Edremit Gulf, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Iranian Journal of Ichthyol, 5(4): 303-311
  • Barret, R. T. (1990). Diets of shags, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, and cormorants, P. carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 66, 205-218. DOI: 10.3354/meps066205
  • Başusta, N. & Khan, U. (2021). Sexual dimorphism in the otolith shape of shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa (L.), in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Fish size–otolith size relationships. Journal of Fish Biology. 99(1), 164-174. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14708
  • Campana, S.E. & Neilson, J.D. (1985). Microstructure of fish otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(5), 1014-1032. DOI: 10.1139/f85-127
  • Campana, S.E. & Casselman, J.M. (1993). Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50(5), 1062-1083. DOI: 10.1139/f93-123
  • Campana, S. E., Gagné, J. A. & McLaren, J. W. (1995). Elemental fingerprinting of fish otoliths using ID-ICPMS. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 122, 115-120. DOI: 10.3354/meps122115
  • Campana, S.E. (1999). Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths: pathways, mechanisms and applications. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 188, 263-297. DOI: 10.3354/meps188263
  • Campana, S.E. & Thorrold, S.R. (2001). Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations?. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 30-38. DOI: 10.1139/f00-177
  • Congiu, L., Rossi, R. & Colombo, G. (2002). Population analysis of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri (Teleostei Atherinidae), from Italian coastal lagoons by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 229, 279-289. DOI: 10.3354/meps229279
  • Correia, A.T., Pipa, T., Gonçalves, J.M.S., Erzini, K. & Hamer, P.A. (2011). Insights into population structure of Diplodus vulgaris along the SW Portuguese coast from otolith elemental signatures. Fisheries Research, 111(1-2), 82-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.06.014
  • Degens, E.T., Deuser, W.G. & Haedrich, R.L. (1969). Molecular structure and composition of fish otoliths. Marine Biology, 2(2), 105-113. DOI: 10.1007/BF00347005
  • Elsdon, T.S. & Gillanders, B.M. (2004). Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on otolith chemistry: challenges for determining environmental histories of fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59(11), 1796-1808. DOI: 10.1139/f02-154
  • Farrell, J. & Campana, S.E. (1996). Regulation of calcium and strontium deposition on the otoliths of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 115(2), 103-109. DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00015-1
  • Friedland, K.D. & Reddin, D.G. (1994). Use of otolith morphology in stock discriminations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(1), 91-98. DOI: 10.1139/f94-011
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2008). World wideweb electronic publication. Retrieved on January 11, 2021 from www.fishbase.org. Gillanders, B.M. (2005). Otolith chemistry to determine movements of diadromous and freshwater fish. Aquatic Living Resources, 18(3), 291-300. DOI: 10.1051/alr:2005033
  • Gonzalez‐Salas, C. & Lenfant, P. (2007). Interannual variability and intraannual stability of the otolith shape in European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) in the Bay of Biscay. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(1), 35-49. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01243.x
  • Gowan, C., Young, M.K., Fausch, K.D. & Riley, S.C. (1994). Restricted movement in resident stream salmonids: a paradigm lost? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(11), 2626-2637. DOI: 10.1139/f94-262
  • Grammer, G.L., Morrongiello, J.R., Izzo, C., Hawthorne, P.J., Middleton, J.F. & Gillanders, B.M. (2017). Coupling biogeochemical tracers with fish growth reveals physiological and environmental controls on otolith chemistry. Ecological Monographs, 87(3), 487-507. DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1264
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Marmara Denizi’nde iki demersal balık türünün bakalyaro (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) ve tekir (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758)’in otolit kimyası ve otolit morfolojisi üzerine ön çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4, 515 - 521, 15.12.2021

Habib Bal Selim Esen

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.13

Öz


Otolitler kalsiyum karbonat (CaCO3) birikimleridir. Farklı ekosistemlerin etkisi altında morfolojik ve kimyasal olarak değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ekonomik olarak önemli iki demersal balık türü; Bakalyaro Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) ve tekir (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) balığına ait otolitler (Sagitta) hem kimyasal hem de morfolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Otolitlerin (uzunluk, mm; genişlik, mm; alan, mm2; çevre, mm) morfometrik ölçümleri Leica M125 tri-oküler mikroskop ile yapılmıştır. Otolit yapısındaki stronsiyum (Sr), magnezyum (Mg) ve kalsiyum (Ca) iz element miktarları ile Sr ve Mg eser elementlerinin Ca elementine (Sr/Ca ve Mg/Ca) oranları belirlenmiştir. Otolitlerin mikro kimyasal analizi için ICP-MS kullanılmıştır. En yüksek magnezyum (24,92±9,57 mmol/mol) ve stronsiyum (26,17±1,81 mmol/mol) element değerleri tekir otolitinde tespit edilmiştir. İki balık türü için stronsiyum (Sr) ve magnezyum (Mg) miktarları arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (P<0,05). Ayrıca kalsiyum miktarı açısından aralarındaki farkın oldukça önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0,001). Otolitlerin şekil indeksleri iki balık türü arasında önemli ölçüde, özellikle yuvarlaklık (RD) ve en boy oranı (AR) açısından önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0,001). Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, ekonomik önemi olan iki demersal balık türünün habitatları hakkında bilgi verdiğinden; stokları, göç yolları ve sürdürülebilir balıkçılığın takibi açısından önem arz etmektedir.


Anahtar Kelimeler

Demersal balık otolit kimyası otolit morfolojisi Marmara Denizi

Kaynakça

  • Avigliano, E., Martinez, C.F.R. & Volpedo, A.V. (2014). Combined use of otolith microchemistry and morphometry as indicators of the habitat of the silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) in a freshwater–estuarine environment. Fisheries Research, 149, 55-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.09.013
  • Avigliano, E. & Volpedo, A.V. (2013). Use of otolith strontium: calcium ratio as an indicator of seasonal displacements of the silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) in a freshwater–marine environment. Marine and Freshwater Research, 64(8), 746-751. DOI: 10.1071/MF12165
  • Bakkari, W., Mejri, M., Ben Mohamed, S., Chalh, A., Quignard, J.P. & Trabelsi, M. (2020). Shape and Symmetry in the otolith of two different species Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus (actinopterygii: perciformes: mullidae) in Tunisian waters. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(2). DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02760
  • Bal, H., Türker, D. & Zengin, K. (2018). Morphological characteristics of otolith for four fish species in the Edremit Gulf, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Iranian Journal of Ichthyol, 5(4): 303-311
  • Barret, R. T. (1990). Diets of shags, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, and cormorants, P. carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 66, 205-218. DOI: 10.3354/meps066205
  • Başusta, N. & Khan, U. (2021). Sexual dimorphism in the otolith shape of shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa (L.), in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Fish size–otolith size relationships. Journal of Fish Biology. 99(1), 164-174. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14708
  • Campana, S.E. & Neilson, J.D. (1985). Microstructure of fish otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(5), 1014-1032. DOI: 10.1139/f85-127
  • Campana, S.E. & Casselman, J.M. (1993). Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50(5), 1062-1083. DOI: 10.1139/f93-123
  • Campana, S. E., Gagné, J. A. & McLaren, J. W. (1995). Elemental fingerprinting of fish otoliths using ID-ICPMS. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 122, 115-120. DOI: 10.3354/meps122115
  • Campana, S.E. (1999). Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths: pathways, mechanisms and applications. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 188, 263-297. DOI: 10.3354/meps188263
  • Campana, S.E. & Thorrold, S.R. (2001). Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations?. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 30-38. DOI: 10.1139/f00-177
  • Congiu, L., Rossi, R. & Colombo, G. (2002). Population analysis of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri (Teleostei Atherinidae), from Italian coastal lagoons by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 229, 279-289. DOI: 10.3354/meps229279
  • Correia, A.T., Pipa, T., Gonçalves, J.M.S., Erzini, K. & Hamer, P.A. (2011). Insights into population structure of Diplodus vulgaris along the SW Portuguese coast from otolith elemental signatures. Fisheries Research, 111(1-2), 82-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.06.014
  • Degens, E.T., Deuser, W.G. & Haedrich, R.L. (1969). Molecular structure and composition of fish otoliths. Marine Biology, 2(2), 105-113. DOI: 10.1007/BF00347005
  • Elsdon, T.S. & Gillanders, B.M. (2004). Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on otolith chemistry: challenges for determining environmental histories of fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59(11), 1796-1808. DOI: 10.1139/f02-154
  • Farrell, J. & Campana, S.E. (1996). Regulation of calcium and strontium deposition on the otoliths of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 115(2), 103-109. DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00015-1
  • Friedland, K.D. & Reddin, D.G. (1994). Use of otolith morphology in stock discriminations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(1), 91-98. DOI: 10.1139/f94-011
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2008). World wideweb electronic publication. Retrieved on January 11, 2021 from www.fishbase.org. Gillanders, B.M. (2005). Otolith chemistry to determine movements of diadromous and freshwater fish. Aquatic Living Resources, 18(3), 291-300. DOI: 10.1051/alr:2005033
  • Gonzalez‐Salas, C. & Lenfant, P. (2007). Interannual variability and intraannual stability of the otolith shape in European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) in the Bay of Biscay. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(1), 35-49. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01243.x
  • Gowan, C., Young, M.K., Fausch, K.D. & Riley, S.C. (1994). Restricted movement in resident stream salmonids: a paradigm lost? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(11), 2626-2637. DOI: 10.1139/f94-262
  • Grammer, G.L., Morrongiello, J.R., Izzo, C., Hawthorne, P.J., Middleton, J.F. & Gillanders, B.M. (2017). Coupling biogeochemical tracers with fish growth reveals physiological and environmental controls on otolith chemistry. Ecological Monographs, 87(3), 487-507. DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1264
  • Hamer, P. A. & Jenkins, G.P. (2007). Comparison of spatial variation in otolith chemistry of two fish species and relationships with water chemistry and otolith growth. Journal of Fish Biology, 71(4), 1035-1055. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01570.x
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  • Leakey, C.D., Attrill, M J. & Fitzsimons, M.F. (2009). Multi-element otolith chemistry of juvenile sole (Solea solea), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Thames Estuary and adjacent coastal regions. Journal of Sea Research, 61(4), 268-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2008.12.002
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  • Lombarte, A., Torres, G.J. & Morales-Nin, B. (2003). Specific Merluccius otolith growth patterns related to phylogenetics and environmental factors. Journal Marine Biology, 83: 277-281. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315403007070h
  • Mahe, K., Villanueva, M.C., Vaz, S., Coppin, F., Koubbi, P. & Carpentier, A. (2014). Morphological variability of the shape of striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus in relation to stock discrimination between the Bay of Biscay and the eastern English Channel. Journal of Fish Biology, 84(4), 1063-1073. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12345
  • Martin, G.B. & Thorrold, S.R. (2005). Temperature and salinity effects on magnesium, manganese, and barium incorporation in otoliths of larval and early juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 293, 223-232. DOI: 10.3354/meps293223
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  • Monteiro, L.R., Di Beneditto, A.P.M., Guillermo, L.H. & Rivera, L.A. (2005). Allometric changes and shape differentiation of sagitta otoliths in sciaenid fishes. Fisheries Research, 74(1-3), 288-299. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.03.002
  • Morales-Nin, B., Swan, S.C., Gordon, J.D., Palmer, M., Geffen, A.J., Shimmield, T. & Sawyer, T. (2005). Age-related trends in otolith chemistry of Merluccius merluccius from the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and the western Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research, 56(5), 599-607. DOI: 10.1071/MF04151
  • Morales-Nin, B., Pérez-Mayol, S., Palmer, M. & Geffen, A.J. (2014). Coping with connectivity between populations of Merluccius merluccius: An elusive topic. Journal of Marine Systems, 138, 211-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.009
  • Morat, F., Mante, A., Drunat, E., Dabat, J., Bonhomme, P., Harmelin-Vivien, M. & Letourneur, Y. (2014). Diet of Mediterranean European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii, in a northwestern Mediterranean area: a competitor for local fisheries. Scientific reports of Port-Cros National Park, 28, 113-132.
  • Özpiçak, M., Saygın, S. & Polat, N. (2017). The length-weight and length-length relationships of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) from Samsun, middle Black Sea region. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 2(3), 28-36. DOI: 10.28978/nesciences.349265
  • Pannella, G. (1971). Fish otoliths: daily growth layers and periodical patterns. Science, 173(4002), 1124-1127. DOI: 10.1126/science.173.4002.1124 Ponton, D. (2006). Is geometric morphometrics efficient for comparing otolith shape of different fish species? Journal of Morphology, 267(6), 750-757. DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10439
  • Popper, A.N. & Coombs, S. (1980). Auditory mechanisms in teleost fishes: significant variations in both hearing capabilities and auditory structures are found among species of bony fishes. American Scientist, 68(4), 429-440.
  • Popper, A.N., Ramcharitar, J. & Campana, S. E. (2005). Why otoliths? Insights from inner ear physiology and fisheries biology. Marine and freshwater Research, 56(5), 497-504. DOI: 10.1071/MF04267
  • Reis-Santos, P., Tanner, S.E., Elsdon, T. S., Cabral, H. N. & Gillanders, B.M. (2013). Effects of temperature, salinity and water composition on otolith elemental incorporation of Dicentrarchus labrax. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 446, 245-252. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.027
  • Rieman, B.E., Myers, D.L. & Nielsen, R.L. (1994). Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(1), 68-77. DOI: 10.1139/f94-009
  • Rooker, J.R., Secor, D.H., Zdanowicz, V.S. & Itoh, T. (2001). Discrimination of northern bluefin tuna from nursery areas in the Pacific Ocean using otolith chemistry. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 218, 275-282. DOI: 10.3354/meps218275
  • Sarimin, A.S. & Mohamed, C.A.R. (2014). Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios in the otolith of sea bass in Peninsular Malaysia as salinity influence markers. Sains Malaysiana, 43(5), 757-766.
  • Secor, D.H., Trice, T.M. & Hornick, H.T. (1995). Validation of otolith-based ageing and a comparison of otolith and scale-based ageing in mark-recaptured Chesapeake Bay striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Fishery Bulletin, 93(1), 186-190.
  • Schwarzhans, W. (1999). A comparative morphological treatise of recent and fossil otoliths of the order Pleuronectiformes. In F.H. Pfeil (Ed.), Piscium Catalogus: Part Otolithi Piscium, 2: 1-391, Verlag F. Pfeil, München.
  • Sturrock, A.M., Trueman, C.N., Darnaude, A.M. & Hunter, E. (2012). Can otolith elemental chemistry retrospectively track migrations in fully marine fishes? Journal of Fish Biology, 81(2), 766-795. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03372.x
  • Sturrock, A.M., Hunter, E., Milton, J. A., E.I.M.F., Johnson, R.C., Waring, C.P. & Trueman, C.N. (2015). Quantifying physiological influences on otolith microchemistry. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6(7), 806-816. DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.12381
  • Swan, S.C., Geffen, A.J., Morales-Nin, B., Gordon, J.D., Shimmield, T., Sawyer, T. & Massuti, E. (2006). Otolith chemistry: an aid to stock separation of Helicolenus dactylopterus (bluemouth) and Merluccius merluccius (European hake) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63(3), 504-513. DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.08.012
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  • Tracey, S. R., Lyle, J.M., & Duhamel, G. (2006). Application of elliptical Fourier analysis of otolith form as a tool for stock identification. Fisheries Research, 77(2), 138-147. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.10.013
  • Torres, G.J., Lombarte, A. & Morales-Nin, B. (2000). Variability of the sulcus acusticus in the sagittal otolith of the genus Merluccius (Merlucciidae). Fisheries Research, 46(1-3), 5-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00128-4
  • Turan, C. (2006). The use of otolith shape and chemistry to determine stock structure of Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner). Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 165-180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01266.x
  • TÜİK (2021). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. World Wide Web electronic publication. Retrieved in January 21, 2021 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr.
  • Tuset, V.M., Lozano, I.J., González, J.A., Pertusa, J.F., & García‐Díaz, M.M. (2003). Shape indices to identify regional differences in otolith morphology of comber, Serranus cabrilla (L., 1758). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19(2), 88-93. DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00344.x
  • Tuset, V.M., Lombarte, A. & Assis, C.A. (2008). Otolith atlas for the western Mediterranean, north and central eastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina, 72(S1), 7-198. DOI: 10.3989/scimar.2008.72s17
  • Velando, A. & Freire, J. (1999). Intercolony and seasonal differences in the breeding diet of European shags on the Galician coast (NW Spain). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 188, 225-236. DOI: 10.3354/meps188225
  • Wells, B.K., Thorrold, S.R. & Jones, C.M. (2000). Geographic variation in trace element composition of juvenile weakfish scales. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 129(4), 889-900. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0889:GVITEC>2.3.CO;2 Yıldız, T. & Karakulak, F.S. (2018). Batı Karadeniz (Şile-İğneada) dip trol balıkçılığında av kompozisyonu. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 4(1), 20-34.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Habib Bal 0000-0001-8875-4867

Selim Esen 0000-0003-4953-7960

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Bal, H., & Esen, S. (2021). Preliminary study on otolith chemistry and otolith morphology of two demersal fish species, European hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sea of Marmara. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 515-521. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.4.13