Öz
İklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma olguların hayatımızda gittikçe daha fazla yer kaplamakta ve ortaya çıkardığı olumsuz sonuçlar etkilerini günden güne belirginleştirmektedir. Daha yaşanılabilir bir gezegen ve gelecek için tüm taraflar için olduğu gibi denizcilik sektörüne de belirli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Fosil yakıt tükeden devasa makineleriyle gemiler, önemli miktarda sera gazı ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü, çeşitli yaptırım kararları ile gemilerden kaynaklanan sera gazı salımını azaltılmasını hedeflemekte ve gemilerin ilgili kriterlerini yerine getirmesini beklemektedir. Gemi operatörleri ve armatörler de, hem uluslararası kuruluşların iklim değişikliği kapsamındaki yaptırımları hem de yakıt giderlerinin azaltılması adına enerji verimliliği ve sera gazı emisyon azaltımı konularına hassasiyet göstermeye başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede bu çalışma, konteyner operatörleri özelinde, gemi şirketlerinin bu konulardaki mevcut durumunu ortaya koymayı ve ortalama yakıt tüketim ve sera gazı emisyon miktarlarının operator büyüklüğü ile ilişkini araçtırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, filo kapasitesine göre ortaama yakıt tüketiminin operator büyüklüğü ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermekte, kapasite kullanımının önemine işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İklim Eylemi Gemi Operatörleri Konteyner Enerji Verimliliği Yakıt Tüketimi Sera Gazı Emisyonu
Kaynakça
- Aldous, L., Smith, T., Bucknall, R., & Thompson. (2015). Uncertainty analysis in ship performance monitoring. Ocean Engineering, 110, 29-38.
- Alphaliner. (2022). Top 100. Retrieved from https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/
- Armstrong, V. N., & Banks, C. (2015). Integrated approach to vessel energy efficiency. Ocean Engineering, 110, 39-48. Baykul, Y. (1999). İstatistik: Metodlar ve uygulamalar: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Bouman, E. A., Lindstad, E., Rialland, A. I., & Strømman, A. H. (2017). State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping–A review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport Environment, 52, 408-421.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- EC. (2021). European Commission - Reducing Emissions from Shipping Sector. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions/reducing-emissions-shipping-sector_en
- IMO. (2012a). 2012 Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). Retrieved from MEPC 213(63):
- IMO. (2012b). 2012 Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships Retrieved from MEPC 212(63):
- Joung, T.-H., Kang, S.-G., Lee, J.-K., & Ahn, J. (2020). The IMO initial strategy for reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and its follow-up actions towards 2050. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, Shipping, 4(1), 1-7. Le, L. T., Lee, G., Kim, H., & Woo, S.-H. (2020). Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea. Maritime Policy & Management, 47(3), 304-331.
- Mak, L., Sullivan, M., Kuczora, A., & Millan, J. (2014). Ship performance monitoring and analysis to improve fuel efficiency. Paper presented at the 2014 Oceans-St. John's.
- Meng, Q., Du, Y., & Wang, Y. (2016). Shipping log data based container ship fuel efficiency modeling. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 83, 207-229.
- Sharafian, A., Blomerus, P., & Mérida, W. (2019). Natural gas as a ship fuel: Assessment of greenhouse gas and air pollutant reduction potential. Energy Policy, 131, 332-346.
- Soner, O., Akyuz, E., & Celik, M. (2018). Use of tree based methods in ship performance monitoring under operating conditions. Ocean Engineering, 166, 302-310.
- UN. (2019). The Future is Know - Science for Achieving Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations.
- UNDP. (2022a). Goal 13 Climate Action. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjw54iXBhCXARIsADWpsG_FtzIBBQkYcbOmoO8p8YYJq5DFb8-kvGxVjE_7g-3Mlfe1-omTj70aAojLEALw_wcB#climate-action
- UNDP. (2022b). What are the Sustainable Development Goals? Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjw54iXBhCXARIsADWpsG_FtzIBBQkYcbOmoO8p8YYJq5DFb8-kvGxVjE_7g-3Mlfe1-omTj70aAojLEALw_wcB
- Url-1. 2020 HMM Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.hmm21.com/cms/company/engn/introduce/sustainabilty/report/index.jsp
- Url-2. COSCO Shipping Lines Sustainability Report 2020. Retrieved from https://lines.coscoshipping.com/lines_resource/pdf/quality2020en.pdf
- Url-3. ONE 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.one-line.com/sites/g/files/lnzjqr776/files/2020-11/ONE_Sustainability%20Report%202020_FA_02_0.pdf
- Url-4. The Hapag-Lloyd Sustainability Report 2020. Retrieved from https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/company/responsibility/sustainability/sustainability-report.html
- Url-5. 2020 CMA-CGM Sustainable Development Report. Retrieved from https://www.cmacgm-group.com/api/sites/default/files/2021-05/2020_CMACGM_CSR_Report_VUK_V30042021_VDEF-compress%C3%A9_compressed%201.pdf
- Url-6. Yang Ming 2020 Corporate Social Responsibility Report. Retrieved from https://www.yangming.com/files/Investor_Relations/csr_2020(eng).pdf
- Url-7. A.P.Moller Maersk 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.maersk.com/~/media_sc9/maersk/about/files/sustainability/sustainability-reports/apmm-sustainability-report-2020-a3.pdf
- Url-8. Evergreen 2020 Corporate Sociar Responsibility Report. Retrieved from https://csr.evergreen-marine.com/csr/pdf/csr-policy-report/Evergreen_CSR_2020.pdf?v=084040
- Url-9. ZIM 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.zim.com/media/10517/zim-sustainability-report-2020.pdf
- Winnes, H., Styhre, L., & Fridell, E. (2015). Reducing GHG emissions from ships in port areas. Research in Transportation Business Management, 17, 73-82.
- Zhao, F., Yang, W., Tan, W. W., Chou, S. K., & Yu, W. (2015). An overall ship propulsion model for fuel efficiency study. Energy Procedia, 75, 813-818.
Öz
Climate change and global warming phenomena are taking up more and more space in our lives and their negative consequences are becoming more evident day by day. For a more livable planet and future, certain responsibilities fall on the maritime sector as well as on all parties. Ships, with their gigantic machinery that consumes fossil fuels, generate significant amounts of greenhouse gases. The International Maritime Organization aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships with various sanctions and expects ships to meet the relevant criteria. Ship operators and ship-owners have also started to show sensitivity to the issues of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reduction in order to reduce both the sanctions of international organizations within the scope of climate change and fuel costs. In this context, by focusing on container operators, this study aims to reveal the current situation of ship companies in these matters and to find out the correlation between average fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission amounts and operator size. The findings show that the average fuel consumption per fleet capacity is related to the size of the operator, pointing to the importance of capacity utilization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Climate Action Ship Operators Container Energy Efficiency Fuel Consumption Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Kaynakça
- Aldous, L., Smith, T., Bucknall, R., & Thompson. (2015). Uncertainty analysis in ship performance monitoring. Ocean Engineering, 110, 29-38.
- Alphaliner. (2022). Top 100. Retrieved from https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/
- Armstrong, V. N., & Banks, C. (2015). Integrated approach to vessel energy efficiency. Ocean Engineering, 110, 39-48. Baykul, Y. (1999). İstatistik: Metodlar ve uygulamalar: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Bouman, E. A., Lindstad, E., Rialland, A. I., & Strømman, A. H. (2017). State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping–A review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport Environment, 52, 408-421.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- EC. (2021). European Commission - Reducing Emissions from Shipping Sector. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions/reducing-emissions-shipping-sector_en
- IMO. (2012a). 2012 Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). Retrieved from MEPC 213(63):
- IMO. (2012b). 2012 Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships Retrieved from MEPC 212(63):
- Joung, T.-H., Kang, S.-G., Lee, J.-K., & Ahn, J. (2020). The IMO initial strategy for reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and its follow-up actions towards 2050. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, Shipping, 4(1), 1-7. Le, L. T., Lee, G., Kim, H., & Woo, S.-H. (2020). Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea. Maritime Policy & Management, 47(3), 304-331.
- Mak, L., Sullivan, M., Kuczora, A., & Millan, J. (2014). Ship performance monitoring and analysis to improve fuel efficiency. Paper presented at the 2014 Oceans-St. John's.
- Meng, Q., Du, Y., & Wang, Y. (2016). Shipping log data based container ship fuel efficiency modeling. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 83, 207-229.
- Sharafian, A., Blomerus, P., & Mérida, W. (2019). Natural gas as a ship fuel: Assessment of greenhouse gas and air pollutant reduction potential. Energy Policy, 131, 332-346.
- Soner, O., Akyuz, E., & Celik, M. (2018). Use of tree based methods in ship performance monitoring under operating conditions. Ocean Engineering, 166, 302-310.
- UN. (2019). The Future is Know - Science for Achieving Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations.
- UNDP. (2022a). Goal 13 Climate Action. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjw54iXBhCXARIsADWpsG_FtzIBBQkYcbOmoO8p8YYJq5DFb8-kvGxVjE_7g-3Mlfe1-omTj70aAojLEALw_wcB#climate-action
- UNDP. (2022b). What are the Sustainable Development Goals? Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjw54iXBhCXARIsADWpsG_FtzIBBQkYcbOmoO8p8YYJq5DFb8-kvGxVjE_7g-3Mlfe1-omTj70aAojLEALw_wcB
- Url-1. 2020 HMM Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.hmm21.com/cms/company/engn/introduce/sustainabilty/report/index.jsp
- Url-2. COSCO Shipping Lines Sustainability Report 2020. Retrieved from https://lines.coscoshipping.com/lines_resource/pdf/quality2020en.pdf
- Url-3. ONE 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.one-line.com/sites/g/files/lnzjqr776/files/2020-11/ONE_Sustainability%20Report%202020_FA_02_0.pdf
- Url-4. The Hapag-Lloyd Sustainability Report 2020. Retrieved from https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/company/responsibility/sustainability/sustainability-report.html
- Url-5. 2020 CMA-CGM Sustainable Development Report. Retrieved from https://www.cmacgm-group.com/api/sites/default/files/2021-05/2020_CMACGM_CSR_Report_VUK_V30042021_VDEF-compress%C3%A9_compressed%201.pdf
- Url-6. Yang Ming 2020 Corporate Social Responsibility Report. Retrieved from https://www.yangming.com/files/Investor_Relations/csr_2020(eng).pdf
- Url-7. A.P.Moller Maersk 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.maersk.com/~/media_sc9/maersk/about/files/sustainability/sustainability-reports/apmm-sustainability-report-2020-a3.pdf
- Url-8. Evergreen 2020 Corporate Sociar Responsibility Report. Retrieved from https://csr.evergreen-marine.com/csr/pdf/csr-policy-report/Evergreen_CSR_2020.pdf?v=084040
- Url-9. ZIM 2020 Sustainability Report. Retrieved from https://www.zim.com/media/10517/zim-sustainability-report-2020.pdf
- Winnes, H., Styhre, L., & Fridell, E. (2015). Reducing GHG emissions from ships in port areas. Research in Transportation Business Management, 17, 73-82.
- Zhao, F., Yang, W., Tan, W. W., Chou, S. K., & Yu, W. (2015). An overall ship propulsion model for fuel efficiency study. Energy Procedia, 75, 813-818.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Deniz Mühendisliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Denizcilik Sektöründe Güncel Gelişmeler |
Kaynak Göster
Dergimizde yayınlanmış makaleler kaynak gösterilmeden kullanılamaz
Dergideki yazıların bilimsel sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir.
Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisinin içeriği tüm kullanıcılara ücretsiz olarak sunulmaktadır.
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınevi Web Sitesi
https://kutuphane.deu.edu.tr/yayinevi/
Dergi İletişim Bilgileri Sayfası
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deudfd/contacts