Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue

Aylin Kabaş; Esin Arı; Sinan Zengin; Hülya İlbi; Yeşim Aysan; Asu Oğuz

doi:10.16882/derim.2016.07605

Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 27 - 46, 09.06.2016

Aylin Kabaş Esin Arı Sinan Zengin Hülya İlbi Yeşim Aysan Asu Oğuz

Öz

Bacterial canker is one of the most important diseases causing economic yield loss in tomato production areas in the world. The best way to control for this disease is to use resistant varieties. However, there are few studies on variety breeding studies of this disease compared with other disease resistant breeding studies. In this study we aimed to improve inbred lines carrying bacterial canker resistance genes to use in the breeding of resistant varieties. Susceptible inbred line AK1 (S. esculentum) and resistant LA2157 (S. peruvianum) were crossed. Embryo rescue and ovule culture techniques were applied in 30 fruits to get F1 hybrids. Rescued embryos and immature ovules were cultured in petri dishes containing solidified MS medium without hormone. 30 healty embryos were excised and cultured from 30 fruits 27-61 day old (1 embryo fruit^-1) in embryo rescue method. The two surviving plants from acclimatization were transferred to the greenhouse to get their BC1 progenies. Resistance tests were performed according to the stem inoculation method in the BC₁and BC₂ progenies. The mixture of 14 aggressive Turkish Cmm strains were used to confirm the resistance. The plants were valued by 0-4 scale. Plants with 0 and 1 scale values were used to obtain next progenies. A total of 80 BC₃ resistant progenies were transferred to our variety breeding programme.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tomato; Clavibacter; Embryo rescue; Breeding

Kaynakça

Aragao, FAS., Ribeiro, CSC., Casali, VWD., & Giordano, LB. (2002). Tomato embryo culture for introgression of genes of Lycopersicon peruvianum in L. esculentum Hortic. Bras. vol.20 no.4.
Antoniou, PP., Tjamos, EJ., & Panagopoulos, SG. (1995). The use of soil solarization for controlling bacterial canker of tomato in plastic houses in Greece. Plant Pathology, 44:438-447.
Antoniou, P.P., Tjamos, E.J., & Panagopoulos, S.G. (1995). The use of soil solarization for controlling bacterial canker of tomato in plastic houses in Greece. Plant Pathology, 44(3):438-447.
Aragao, F.A.S., Ribeiro, C.S.C., Casali, V.W.D., & Giordano, L.B. (2002). Tomato embryo culture for introgression of genes of Lycopersicon peruvianum in L. esculentum. Horticultura Brasileira, 20(4):605-610.
Backman, A.C., Bengtsson, M., & Witzgall, P. (1997). Pheromone release by individual females of codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23(3):807-815.
Bal, U., & Abak, K. (2003). Attempts of haploidy ınduction in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill), via gynogenesis I: Pollination with Solanum sisymbriifolium lam. polen. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(8):745-749.
Berry, S.Z., Madumadu, G.G., Uddin, M.R., & Copplin, D.L. (1989). Virulence studies and resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato germplasm. Hortscience, 24(2):362-365.
Bhattarai, S.P., Pena, R.C., Midmore, D.J., & Palchamy, K. (2009). In vitro culture of immature seed for rapid generation advancement in tomato. Euphytica, 167(1):23-30.
Brüggemann, W., Linger, P., Wenner, A., & Koornneef, M. (1996). Improvement of post-chilling phtosynthesis in tomato by sexual hybridisation with a Lycopersicon peruvianum line from elevated altitude. Advances in Horticultural Science, 10(4):215–218.
Chang, R.J., Ries, S.M., & Pataky, J.K. (1992). Effects of temperature, plant age, inoculum concentration, and cultivar on the incubation period and severity of bacterial canker of tomato. Plant Disease, 76(11):1150-1155.
Chen, L., & Adachi, T. (2006). Efficient hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum via ‘embryo rescue’ and in vitro propagation. Plant Breeding, 115(4):251-256.
Chen, L.Z., & Adachi, T. (1992). Embryo abortion and efficient rescue in ınterspecific hybrids, Lycopersicon esculentum and the ‘peruvianum-complex’. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 42(1):65-77.
Chen, L.Z., & Imanishi, S. (1991). Cross-compatibility between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and the wild species L. peruvianum, L. chilense assessed by ovule culture in vitro. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 41(2):223-230.
Choudhury, B. (1955). Embryo culture technique-III. Growth of hybrid embryos (Lycopersicon esculentum x Lycopersicon peruvianum) in culture medium. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 12(4):155-156.
Davis, M.J., Gillaspie, A.G. Jr, Vidaver, A.K., & Harris, R.W. (1984). Clavibacter: a newgenus containing some phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria, including Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli sp. nov., subsp. nov. and Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis subsp. nov.,pathogens that cause ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane andbermudagrass stunting disease. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 34(2):107-117.
Dhanvantarı, B.N. (1989). Effect of seed extraction methods and seed treatments on control of tomato bacterial canker. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11(4):400-408.
Doganlar, S., Frary, A., & Tanksley, S.D. (1997). Production of interspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and two accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum carrying new root-knot nematode resistance genes. Euphytica, 95(2):203-207.
Fatmi, M., Schaad, N.W., & Bolkan, H.A. (1991). Seed treatments for eradicating Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from naturally infected tomato seeds. Plant Disease, 75(4):383-385.
Francis, D.M., Kabelka, E., Bell, J., Franchino, B., & St. Clair, D. (2001). Resistance to bacterial canker in tomato (Lycopersicon hirsutum LA407) and its progeny derived from crosses to L. esculentum. Plant Disease, 85(11):1171-1176.
Geboloğlu, N., Bozmaz, S., Aydin, M., & Çakmak, P. (2011). The role of growth regulators, embryo age and genotypes on immature embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24):4895-4900.
Gleason, M.L., Gitaitis, R.D., & Ricker, M.D. (1993). Recent progress in understanding and controlling bacterial canker of tomato in eastern North America. Plant Disease, 77(11):1069-1076.
Hausbeck, M.K., Bell, J., Medina, Mora C.M., Podolsky, R., & Fulbright, D.W. (2000). Effect of bactericides on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomatoes in the greenhause and on disease development and crop yield in the field. Phytopathology, 90(1):38-44.
Horuz, S., Kabaş, A., Aysan, Y., Çakır, B., Eroğul, D. & İlbi, H. (2014). Domateste bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına karşı dayanıklılık mekanizmasında etkili olan genlerin ifadelerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılacak Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis populasyonunun seçimi. V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 3-5 Şubat 2014, Antalya, s:217.
Imanishi, S. (1988). Efficient ovule culture for the hybridization of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum, L. glandulosum. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 38(1):1-9.
Imanishi, S., Watanabe, Y., & Hiura, I. (1985). A simple and efficient method for interspecific hybridization between L. esculentum and L. peruvianum. Journal of the Yamagata Agriculture Forestry Society, 42:13-15.
Jones, J.B., Stall, R.E., & Zitter, T.A. (1991). Compendium of Tomato Disease. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Kabaş, A., Ünlü, A., İlbi, H., Oğuz, A., & Zengin, S. (2010). BATEM domates hatlarının bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis)’a dayanıklılık durumlarının belirlenmesi. VIII. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu, 23-26 Haziran 2010, Van, 1:485-489 (In Turkish).
Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., & Sands, D.C. (1990). Methods in Phytobacteriology. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.
Kritzman, G. (1993). A Chemi-thermal treatment for control of seedborne bacterial pathogens of tomato. Phytoparasitica, 21(1):101-109.
Lefrancois, C., Chupeau, Y. & Bourgin, J.B. (1993). Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lycopersicon. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 86(5):533-546.
Louws, F.J., Bell, J., Medina-Mora, C.M., Smart, C.D., Opgenorth, D., Ishimaru, C. A., Hausbeck, M. K., de Bruijn, F. J., & Fulbright, D.W. (1998). Rep-PCR–mediated genomic fingerprinting: A rapid and effective method to identify Clavibacter michiganensis. Phytopathology, 88(8):862-868.
Mavridis, A. (1982). Untersuchungen zum Vorkomen bakterieller Krankheitserreger (C. michiganensis pv. michiganense (E. F. (Smith) Jesen und Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye & Wilkey) an Tomaten (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Griechenland. zur Erkennung der Resistenz und zum von P. tomato gebildeten Chlorose-ausloesenden Toxin. Diss. Univ. Goettingen.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiological Plant Pathology, 15(3):473-497.
Sandbrink, J.M., Ooijen, J.W.V., Purimahua, C.C., Vrielink, M., Verkerk, P., Zabel, P., & Lindhout, P. (1995). Localization of genes for bacterial canker resistance in Lycopersicon peruvianum using RFLPs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 90(3-4):444-450.
Segeren, M.I., Sondahl, M.R., Siqueira, W.J., Medina Filho H.P., Nagai, H., & Lourencao, A.L. (1993). Tomato breeding: 1. Embryo rescue of ınterspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and L. peruvianum (L.) Mill. Revista Brasileira De Genetica, 16(2):367-380.
Sen, Y., Zhu, F., Vandenbroucke, H., van der Wolf, J., Visser, R., & van Heusden, A. 2012. Screening for new sources of resistance to C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) in tomato. Euphytica, 190(2):309-317.
Smith, P.G. (1944). Embryo culture of a tomato species hybrid. Proceeding of The American Society for Horticultural Science, 44:413-416.
Thomas, B.R., & Pratt, D. (1981). Efficient hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum via embryo callus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 59(4):215-219.
Van Heusden, A.W., Koornneef, M., Voorrips, R.E., Brüggemann, W.G., Vrielink-van Ginkel, P., X Chen, R., & Lindhout, P. (1999). Three qtls from Lycopersicon peruvianum confer a high level of resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 99(6):1068-1074.
Wei, G., Kloepper, J.W., & Tuzun, S. (1996). Induction of systemic resistance to cucumber diseases and increases plant growth by plant 167 growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions. Phytopathology, 86(2):221-224.
Weller, D.M. (1988). Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26(1):379-407.
Young, R., Kaul, V., & Williams, A.G. (1987). Clonal propagation in vitro from immature embryos and flower buds of Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. esculentum. Plant Science, 52(3):237-242.

Domateste türlerarası melezlemelerde embriyo kurtarma desteğiyle bakteriyel kansere dayanıklı populasyonun geliştirilmesi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 27 - 46, 09.06.2016

Aylin Kabaş Esin Arı Sinan Zengin Hülya İlbi Yeşim Aysan Asu Oğuz

Öz

Bakteriyel kanser dünyada domates üretimi yapılan alanlarda verimde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Dayanıklı çeşit kullanımı, hastalığın kontrolünde en etkili yoldur. Hastalığa dayanıklı çeşit ıslah çalışmalarında ise diğer hastalıklarla karşılaştırdığımızda yeterince çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı dayanıklı çeşit geliştirme programlarında kullanılabilecek, bakteriyel kansere dayanıklı genleri taşıyan hatları geliştirmektir. Araştırmada hassas hat AK1 (S. esculentum) ile dayanıklı LA2157 (S. peruvianum) melezlenmiştir. F1 hibrit elde etmek için açılan 30 meyvede embriyo kurtarma ve ovül kültürü tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kurtarılmış embriyolar ve olgunlaşmamış ovuller, hormonsuz MS ortamındaki petri kaplarına alınmıştır. 27-61 günlük 30 meyveden embriyo kurtarma metodu ile 30 sağlıklı embriyo (1 embriyo meyve^-1) çıkartılmış ve kültüre alınmıştır. Aklimatizasyon sonucu canlı kalan 2 bitki, BC₁ geriye melez bireylerini elde etmek amacıyla seraya aktarılmıştır. BC₁ ve BC₂ bitkilerinde gövde inokulasyon metodu kullanılarak dayanıklılık testlemeleri yapılmıştır. Dayanıklılığı belirlemede 14 agresif Türk Cmm izolatı karışımı kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler 0-4 skala değerine göre değerlendirilmiş, 0 ve 1 skala değerine sahip bitkiler kademe ilerlemesi için kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda toplam 80 BC₃ dayanıklı bitki, çeşit ıslah çalışmalarına aktarılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domates; Clavibacter; Embriyo kurtarma; Islah

Kaynakça

Aragao, FAS., Ribeiro, CSC., Casali, VWD., & Giordano, LB. (2002). Tomato embryo culture for introgression of genes of Lycopersicon peruvianum in L. esculentum Hortic. Bras. vol.20 no.4.
Antoniou, PP., Tjamos, EJ., & Panagopoulos, SG. (1995). The use of soil solarization for controlling bacterial canker of tomato in plastic houses in Greece. Plant Pathology, 44:438-447.
Antoniou, P.P., Tjamos, E.J., & Panagopoulos, S.G. (1995). The use of soil solarization for controlling bacterial canker of tomato in plastic houses in Greece. Plant Pathology, 44(3):438-447.
Aragao, F.A.S., Ribeiro, C.S.C., Casali, V.W.D., & Giordano, L.B. (2002). Tomato embryo culture for introgression of genes of Lycopersicon peruvianum in L. esculentum. Horticultura Brasileira, 20(4):605-610.
Backman, A.C., Bengtsson, M., & Witzgall, P. (1997). Pheromone release by individual females of codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23(3):807-815.
Bal, U., & Abak, K. (2003). Attempts of haploidy ınduction in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill), via gynogenesis I: Pollination with Solanum sisymbriifolium lam. polen. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(8):745-749.
Berry, S.Z., Madumadu, G.G., Uddin, M.R., & Copplin, D.L. (1989). Virulence studies and resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato germplasm. Hortscience, 24(2):362-365.
Bhattarai, S.P., Pena, R.C., Midmore, D.J., & Palchamy, K. (2009). In vitro culture of immature seed for rapid generation advancement in tomato. Euphytica, 167(1):23-30.
Brüggemann, W., Linger, P., Wenner, A., & Koornneef, M. (1996). Improvement of post-chilling phtosynthesis in tomato by sexual hybridisation with a Lycopersicon peruvianum line from elevated altitude. Advances in Horticultural Science, 10(4):215–218.
Chang, R.J., Ries, S.M., & Pataky, J.K. (1992). Effects of temperature, plant age, inoculum concentration, and cultivar on the incubation period and severity of bacterial canker of tomato. Plant Disease, 76(11):1150-1155.
Chen, L., & Adachi, T. (2006). Efficient hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum via ‘embryo rescue’ and in vitro propagation. Plant Breeding, 115(4):251-256.
Chen, L.Z., & Adachi, T. (1992). Embryo abortion and efficient rescue in ınterspecific hybrids, Lycopersicon esculentum and the ‘peruvianum-complex’. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 42(1):65-77.
Chen, L.Z., & Imanishi, S. (1991). Cross-compatibility between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and the wild species L. peruvianum, L. chilense assessed by ovule culture in vitro. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 41(2):223-230.
Choudhury, B. (1955). Embryo culture technique-III. Growth of hybrid embryos (Lycopersicon esculentum x Lycopersicon peruvianum) in culture medium. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 12(4):155-156.
Davis, M.J., Gillaspie, A.G. Jr, Vidaver, A.K., & Harris, R.W. (1984). Clavibacter: a newgenus containing some phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria, including Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli sp. nov., subsp. nov. and Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis subsp. nov.,pathogens that cause ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane andbermudagrass stunting disease. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 34(2):107-117.
Dhanvantarı, B.N. (1989). Effect of seed extraction methods and seed treatments on control of tomato bacterial canker. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11(4):400-408.
Doganlar, S., Frary, A., & Tanksley, S.D. (1997). Production of interspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and two accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum carrying new root-knot nematode resistance genes. Euphytica, 95(2):203-207.
Fatmi, M., Schaad, N.W., & Bolkan, H.A. (1991). Seed treatments for eradicating Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from naturally infected tomato seeds. Plant Disease, 75(4):383-385.
Francis, D.M., Kabelka, E., Bell, J., Franchino, B., & St. Clair, D. (2001). Resistance to bacterial canker in tomato (Lycopersicon hirsutum LA407) and its progeny derived from crosses to L. esculentum. Plant Disease, 85(11):1171-1176.
Geboloğlu, N., Bozmaz, S., Aydin, M., & Çakmak, P. (2011). The role of growth regulators, embryo age and genotypes on immature embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24):4895-4900.
Gleason, M.L., Gitaitis, R.D., & Ricker, M.D. (1993). Recent progress in understanding and controlling bacterial canker of tomato in eastern North America. Plant Disease, 77(11):1069-1076.
Hausbeck, M.K., Bell, J., Medina, Mora C.M., Podolsky, R., & Fulbright, D.W. (2000). Effect of bactericides on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomatoes in the greenhause and on disease development and crop yield in the field. Phytopathology, 90(1):38-44.
Horuz, S., Kabaş, A., Aysan, Y., Çakır, B., Eroğul, D. & İlbi, H. (2014). Domateste bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına karşı dayanıklılık mekanizmasında etkili olan genlerin ifadelerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılacak Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis populasyonunun seçimi. V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 3-5 Şubat 2014, Antalya, s:217.
Imanishi, S. (1988). Efficient ovule culture for the hybridization of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum, L. glandulosum. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 38(1):1-9.
Imanishi, S., Watanabe, Y., & Hiura, I. (1985). A simple and efficient method for interspecific hybridization between L. esculentum and L. peruvianum. Journal of the Yamagata Agriculture Forestry Society, 42:13-15.
Jones, J.B., Stall, R.E., & Zitter, T.A. (1991). Compendium of Tomato Disease. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Kabaş, A., Ünlü, A., İlbi, H., Oğuz, A., & Zengin, S. (2010). BATEM domates hatlarının bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis)’a dayanıklılık durumlarının belirlenmesi. VIII. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu, 23-26 Haziran 2010, Van, 1:485-489 (In Turkish).
Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., & Sands, D.C. (1990). Methods in Phytobacteriology. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.
Kritzman, G. (1993). A Chemi-thermal treatment for control of seedborne bacterial pathogens of tomato. Phytoparasitica, 21(1):101-109.
Lefrancois, C., Chupeau, Y. & Bourgin, J.B. (1993). Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lycopersicon. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 86(5):533-546.
Louws, F.J., Bell, J., Medina-Mora, C.M., Smart, C.D., Opgenorth, D., Ishimaru, C. A., Hausbeck, M. K., de Bruijn, F. J., & Fulbright, D.W. (1998). Rep-PCR–mediated genomic fingerprinting: A rapid and effective method to identify Clavibacter michiganensis. Phytopathology, 88(8):862-868.
Mavridis, A. (1982). Untersuchungen zum Vorkomen bakterieller Krankheitserreger (C. michiganensis pv. michiganense (E. F. (Smith) Jesen und Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye & Wilkey) an Tomaten (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Griechenland. zur Erkennung der Resistenz und zum von P. tomato gebildeten Chlorose-ausloesenden Toxin. Diss. Univ. Goettingen.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiological Plant Pathology, 15(3):473-497.
Sandbrink, J.M., Ooijen, J.W.V., Purimahua, C.C., Vrielink, M., Verkerk, P., Zabel, P., & Lindhout, P. (1995). Localization of genes for bacterial canker resistance in Lycopersicon peruvianum using RFLPs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 90(3-4):444-450.
Segeren, M.I., Sondahl, M.R., Siqueira, W.J., Medina Filho H.P., Nagai, H., & Lourencao, A.L. (1993). Tomato breeding: 1. Embryo rescue of ınterspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and L. peruvianum (L.) Mill. Revista Brasileira De Genetica, 16(2):367-380.
Sen, Y., Zhu, F., Vandenbroucke, H., van der Wolf, J., Visser, R., & van Heusden, A. 2012. Screening for new sources of resistance to C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) in tomato. Euphytica, 190(2):309-317.
Smith, P.G. (1944). Embryo culture of a tomato species hybrid. Proceeding of The American Society for Horticultural Science, 44:413-416.
Thomas, B.R., & Pratt, D. (1981). Efficient hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum via embryo callus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 59(4):215-219.
Van Heusden, A.W., Koornneef, M., Voorrips, R.E., Brüggemann, W.G., Vrielink-van Ginkel, P., X Chen, R., & Lindhout, P. (1999). Three qtls from Lycopersicon peruvianum confer a high level of resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 99(6):1068-1074.
Wei, G., Kloepper, J.W., & Tuzun, S. (1996). Induction of systemic resistance to cucumber diseases and increases plant growth by plant 167 growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions. Phytopathology, 86(2):221-224.
Weller, D.M. (1988). Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26(1):379-407.
Young, R., Kaul, V., & Williams, A.G. (1987). Clonal propagation in vitro from immature embryos and flower buds of Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. esculentum. Plant Science, 52(3):237-242.

Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Aylin Kabaş Esin Arı Bu kişi benim Sinan Zengin Bu kişi benim Hülya İlbi Yeşim Aysan Asu Oğuz Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	9 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2016 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kabaş, A., Arı, E., Zengin, S., İlbi, H., vd. (2016). Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue. Derim, 33(1), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2016.07605
AMA	Kabaş A, Arı E, Zengin S, İlbi H, Aysan Y, Oğuz A. Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue. DERİM. Haziran 2016;33(1):27-46. doi:10.16882/derim.2016.07605
Chicago	Kabaş, Aylin, Esin Arı, Sinan Zengin, Hülya İlbi, Yeşim Aysan, ve Asu Oğuz. “Development of Resistant Tomato Population With Bacterial Canker Resistance Genes from Interspecific Hybrids by the Support of Embryo Rescue”. Derim 33, sy. 1 (Haziran 2016): 27-46. https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2016.07605.
EndNote	Kabaş A, Arı E, Zengin S, İlbi H, Aysan Y, Oğuz A (01 Haziran 2016) Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue. Derim 33 1 27–46.
IEEE	A. Kabaş, E. Arı, S. Zengin, H. İlbi, Y. Aysan, ve A. Oğuz, “Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue”, DERİM, c. 33, sy. 1, ss. 27–46, 2016, doi: 10.16882/derim.2016.07605.
ISNAD	Kabaş, Aylin vd. “Development of Resistant Tomato Population With Bacterial Canker Resistance Genes from Interspecific Hybrids by the Support of Embryo Rescue”. Derim 33/1 (Haziran 2016), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2016.07605.
JAMA	Kabaş A, Arı E, Zengin S, İlbi H, Aysan Y, Oğuz A. Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue. DERİM. 2016;33:27–46.
MLA	Kabaş, Aylin vd. “Development of Resistant Tomato Population With Bacterial Canker Resistance Genes from Interspecific Hybrids by the Support of Embryo Rescue”. Derim, c. 33, sy. 1, 2016, ss. 27-46, doi:10.16882/derim.2016.07605.
Vancouver	Kabaş A, Arı E, Zengin S, İlbi H, Aysan Y, Oğuz A. Development of resistant tomato population with bacterial canker resistance genes from interspecific hybrids by the support of embryo rescue. DERİM. 2016;33(1):27-46.