Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD)

Öz

The question of what are the highest good points to an ancient debate that goes back to Socrates and his successors, Plato and Aristotle. Fârâbî also has examined this basic problem in most of his works, especially those related to politics. He pointed out that the highest good for man is to reach real happiness in this world and the afterlife. True happiness can be attained only with true philosophy, knowing God- who is the source of goodness, beauty-, and virtue. With these views, Fârâbî shows that real happiness can be gained by real philosophers, prophets, true rulers, and wise people who have wisdom and establish the knowledge-action relationship. On the other hand, in Fârâbî, happiness is possible by knowing God and doing holy actions, and the mystery of immortality for man is also hidden in metaphysical knowledge. Therefore, the fate of spirits attached to matter is like the fate of matter. They will not be immortal and happy. It should be stated that Fârâbî is an important philosopher for medieval Islamic philosophy. As a result, the essence of his moral theory is based on a person's full self-realisation in the mental and moral field, perfecting all his powers and abilities. Fârâbî's views on morality can be evaluated and criticised from different perspectives. On the other hand, Fârâbî's philosophy draws attention to reason and will, showing that truth and virtue are the basic conditions of a good life, and grounds all these with a solid philosophy. Correspondingly, his philosophy deserves more afford and work.