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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 202 - 212, 31.12.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Pan, K., Wang., W.X., Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China, Science of the Total Environment, 421–422 (2012), 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.013.
  • Yang, Y.Q., Chen, F.R., Zhang, L., Liu, J.S., Wu, S.J., Kang, M., Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64 (2012), 1947–1955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.024.
  • Sin, S.N., Chua, H., Lo, W., Ng, L.M., Assessment of heavy metal cations in sediments of Shing Mun River, Hong Kong, Environment International, 26 (2001), 297–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120 (01)00003-4.
  • Gaur, V.K., Gupta, S.K., Pandey, S.D., Gopal, K., Misra, V., Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of River Gomti, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 102 (2005), 419–433, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-6395-6.
  • Banu, Z., Chowdhury, S.A., Hossain, D., Nakagami, K., Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in the sediment of Turag River, Bangladesh: an index analysis approach, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 5 (2013), 239–248, https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.52024.
  • Cappuyns, V., Swennen, R., Secondary mobilisation of heavy metals in overbank sediments, Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM, 6 (5) (2004), 434-440, https://doi.org/10.1039/B315625G.
  • Zhang, Z.B., Tan, X.B., Wei, L.L., Yu, S.M., Wu, D.J., Comparison between the lower Nansi Lake and its inflow rivers in sedimentary phosphorus fractions and phosphorus adsorption characteristics, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 66 (5) (2012), 1569–1576, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1400-6.
  • Islam, M.S., Ahmed, M.K., Raknuzzaman, M., HabibullahAl-Mamun, M., Islam, M.K., Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country, Ecological Indicators, 48 (2015), 282–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.016.
  • Lin, J. G., Chen, S.Y., The relationship between adsorption of heavy metal and organic matter in river sediments, Environment International, 24 (3) (1998), 345–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(98)00012-9.
  • Bat, L., Şahin, F., Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in sediments of Sinop shores of the Black Sea, International Marine & Freshwater Sciences Symposium / MarFresh 2018, 2018.
  • Ingersoll, C.G., Wenning, R.J., Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments: Executive Summary of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2002).
  • Maina, C.W., Sang, J.K., Raude, J.M., Mutua, B.M., Geochronological and spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in sediment from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 12 (1) (2019), 37-54, https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2019.1593718.
  • El-Metwally, M.E.A., Madkour, A.G., Fouad, R.R., Mohamedein, L.I., Nour Eldine, H.A., Dar, M.A., El-Moselhy, K.M., Assessment the leachable heavy metals and ecological risk in the surface sediments inside the Red Sea ports of Egypt, International Journal of Marine Science, 7 (23) (2017), 214-228, https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2017.07.0023.
  • Bhutiani, R., Kulkarni, D.B., Khanna, D.R., Gautam, A., Geochemical distribution and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of an industrial area and its surroundings, Haridwar, India, Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2 (2) (2017), 155–167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-016-0019-6.
  • Gasiorek M., Kowalska J., Mazurek R., Pajak M., Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution in topsoil of historical urban park on an example of the Planty Park in Krakow (Poland), Chemosphere, 179 (2017), 148-158, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.106.
  • Kowalska, J., Mazurek, R., Gasiorek, M., Setlak, M., Zaleski, T., Waroszewski, J., Soil pollution indices conditioned by medieval metallurgical activity - a case study from Krakow (Poland), Environmental Pollution, 218 (2016), 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.053.
  • Tang, W., Shan, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Ding, Y., Rong, N., Zhu, X., Heavy Metal Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Representative Limnetic Ecosystems in Eastern China, Scientific Reports, 4 (2014), 7152, https://doi.org/ 10.1038/srep07152.
  • Turekian, K.K., Wedepohl, K.H. Distribution of the Elements in some major units of the Earth's crust, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 72 (1961), 175-192.
  • Long, E.R., Morgan, L.G., The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 175 pp + appendices, 1991.
  • Smith, S.L., MacDonald, D.D., Keenleyside, K.A., Ingersoll, C.G., Field, L.J., A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems, Journal of Great Lakes Research 22(3) (1996), 624-638, https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70985-1.
  • MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., Berger, T.A., Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39 (2000), 20–31, https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s002440010075.
  • Franco-Uría, A., López-Mateo, C., Roca, E., Fernández-Marcos, M.L., Source identification of heavy metals in pastureland by multivariate analysis in NW Spain. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165 (2009), 1008–1015, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2008.10.118.
  • Hasan, A.B., Kabir, S., Reza, A.H.M.S., Zaman, M.N., Ahsan, A., Rashid, M., Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of trace metals in sediments of the ship breaking area of Sitakund Upazilla (Bhatiary-Kumira), Chittagong, Bangladesh, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 125 (2013), 130-137, https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.002.
  • Mazurek, R., Kowalska, J., Gasiorek, M., Zadrozny, P., Jozefowska, A., Zaleski, T., Kepka, W., Tymczuk, M., Orłowska, K., Assessment of heavy metals contamination in surface layers of Roztocze National Park forest soils (SE Poland) by indices of pollution, Chemosphere, 168 (2017), 839 850, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere. 2016.10.126.
  • Riba, I., DelValls, T.A., Forja, J.M., Gomez Parra, A., Evaluating the heavy metal contamination in sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary after the Aznalcollar mining spill (SW Spain): a mult ivariate analysis approach, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 77 (2002), 191 207, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015828020 313.
  • Sarala, T.D., Sabitha, M.A., Calculating Integrated Pollution Indices for Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment Near Sugar Mill, Journal of Research in Biology, 2(5) (2012), 489 498.
  • Guan, Y., Shao, C., Ju, M., Heavy metal contamination assessment and partition for industrial and mining gathering areas, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11 (2014), 7286 – 7303, https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph110707286.
  • Yong, N., Jiang, X., Wang, K., Xia, J., Jiao, W., Niu, Y., Yu, H., Meta analysis of heavy metal pollution and sources in surface sediments of Lake Taihu, China. Science of the Total Environment 700 (2020), 134509, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2019.134509.
  • Wang, J., Du, H., Xu, Y., Chen, K., Liang, J., Ke, H., Cheng, S.Y., Liu, M., Deng, H., He, T., Wang, W., Cai, M., Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China, BioMed Research International, (2016), https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2167053.
  • Müller, G., Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal 2 (1969), 108-118.
  • Hakanson, L., An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14 (1980), 975-1001, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
  • Bonnail, E., Sarmiento, A.M., Del Valls, T.A., Nieto, J.M., Riba, I., Assessment of metal contamination, bioavailability, toxicity and bioaccumulation in extreme metallic environments (Iberian Pyrite Belt) using Corbicula fluminea, Science of the Total Environment, 544 (2016), 1031-1044, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.11.131.
  • Tomlinson, D.L., Wilson, J.G., Harris, C.R., Jeffrey, D.W., Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 33(1-4) (1980), 566-575, https://doi.org/10. 1007/BF02414780.
  • Ahamad, M.I., Song, J., Sun, H., Wang, X., Mehmood, M.S., Su, P., Khan, A.J., Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (2020), 1070, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph17031070.
  • Shen, F., Mao, L., Sun, R., Du, J., Tan, Z., Ding, M., Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (2019), 336, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030336.
  • Withanachchi, S.S., Ghambashidze, G., Kunchulia, I., Urushadze, T., Ploeger, A., Water Quality in Surface Water: A Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of the Mashavera River, Georgia, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (2018), 621, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph 15040621.
  • Remeikaitė-Nikienė, N., Garnaga-Budrė, G., Lujanienė, G., Jokšas, K., Stankevičius, A., Malejevas, S., Barisevičiūte, R., Distribution of metals and extent of contamination in sediments from the south-eastern Baltic Sea (Lithuanian zone), Oceanologia, 60 (2) (2018), 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2017.11. 001.
  • Ahmad Zubir, A.A., Mohd Saad, F.N., Dahalan, F.A. The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area. E3S Web of Conferences, 34 (2018), 02018, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402018.
  • Akin, B.S., Kırmızıgul, O., Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Gökçekaya Dam Lake, Eskişehir, Turkey, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76 (2017), 402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6744-0.
  • Izah, S.C., Bassey, S.E., Ohimain, E.I., Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor and Quantification of Contamination of Heavy Metals in Soil Receiving Cassava Mill Effluents in A Rural Community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Molecular Soil Biology, 8 (2) (2017), 7-20, https://doi.org/10.5376/msb.2017.08. 0002.
  • Gabriel, G., Pop, C., Brudaşca, F., Gurzau, A.E., Spinu, M. The ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment from the Danube Delta, Ecotoxicology, 25 (2016), 688–696, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1627-9.
  • Üçüncü-Tunca, E., Beyşehir Gölü'nde Su ve Sedimentte Ağır Metal Birikimi ve Sedimentte Antropojenik Kontaminasyon Değerlendirmesi, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6 (2) (2016), 205-219.
  • Zhuang, W., Gao, X., Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the Coastal Waters of the Zhangzi Island, China: Comparison among Typical Marine Sediment Quality Indices, PLoS ONE, 9(4) (2014), e94145, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094145.
  • Ogbeibu, A.E., Omoigberale, M.O., Ezenwa, I.M., Eziza, J.O., Igwe, J.O., Using Pollution Load Index and Geoaccumulation Index for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Sediment Quality of the Benin River, Nigeria, Natural Environment, (2014), 1-9, https://doi.org/10.12966/ne.05.01.2014.
  • Rabee, A.M., Al-Fatlawy, Y.F., Abdown, A.D., Nameer, M., Using Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (I-Geo) for the Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Tigris River Sediment in Baghdad Region, Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 14 (4) (2011), 108-114, https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.14.4. 14.
  • Varol, M., Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195 (2011), 355– 364, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2011.08.051.

SEDIMENT-FRIENDLY FORMULAS: A REVIEW ON THE SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 202 - 212, 31.12.2020

Öz

Sediment pollution is dangerous because of the food web and finally becoming detrimental to organisms. Heavy metals can pass from soil to seed, making plants toxic. When organisms feed on this plant, larger animals feed on these organisms, by the time heavy metals get more effective in the process of biomagnification. It is a significant point to analyze the metal pollution in the sediment during the investigation of the contaminated aquatic environment. Measuring the abundance and structure of organisms in the area may demonstrate the sediment ecosystem health but these measurements are expensive and requires a lot of time. The ecological risk caused by heavy metals is about to be evaluated different “sediment quality standards” have been developed

Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in maintaining ecological balance such as climate regulation, irrigation, flood control, aquaculture, and especially water supply. Sediments are located at the linkup of the solid-liquid interface, therefore they form an important part of the water body. The purpose of this review article is to reveal the importance of sediment pollution with heavy metals and understand how usage of accordingly sediment quality guidelines and indices.

Kaynakça

  • Pan, K., Wang., W.X., Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China, Science of the Total Environment, 421–422 (2012), 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.013.
  • Yang, Y.Q., Chen, F.R., Zhang, L., Liu, J.S., Wu, S.J., Kang, M., Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64 (2012), 1947–1955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.024.
  • Sin, S.N., Chua, H., Lo, W., Ng, L.M., Assessment of heavy metal cations in sediments of Shing Mun River, Hong Kong, Environment International, 26 (2001), 297–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120 (01)00003-4.
  • Gaur, V.K., Gupta, S.K., Pandey, S.D., Gopal, K., Misra, V., Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of River Gomti, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 102 (2005), 419–433, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-6395-6.
  • Banu, Z., Chowdhury, S.A., Hossain, D., Nakagami, K., Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in the sediment of Turag River, Bangladesh: an index analysis approach, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 5 (2013), 239–248, https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.52024.
  • Cappuyns, V., Swennen, R., Secondary mobilisation of heavy metals in overbank sediments, Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM, 6 (5) (2004), 434-440, https://doi.org/10.1039/B315625G.
  • Zhang, Z.B., Tan, X.B., Wei, L.L., Yu, S.M., Wu, D.J., Comparison between the lower Nansi Lake and its inflow rivers in sedimentary phosphorus fractions and phosphorus adsorption characteristics, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 66 (5) (2012), 1569–1576, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1400-6.
  • Islam, M.S., Ahmed, M.K., Raknuzzaman, M., HabibullahAl-Mamun, M., Islam, M.K., Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country, Ecological Indicators, 48 (2015), 282–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.016.
  • Lin, J. G., Chen, S.Y., The relationship between adsorption of heavy metal and organic matter in river sediments, Environment International, 24 (3) (1998), 345–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(98)00012-9.
  • Bat, L., Şahin, F., Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in sediments of Sinop shores of the Black Sea, International Marine & Freshwater Sciences Symposium / MarFresh 2018, 2018.
  • Ingersoll, C.G., Wenning, R.J., Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments: Executive Summary of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2002).
  • Maina, C.W., Sang, J.K., Raude, J.M., Mutua, B.M., Geochronological and spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in sediment from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 12 (1) (2019), 37-54, https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2019.1593718.
  • El-Metwally, M.E.A., Madkour, A.G., Fouad, R.R., Mohamedein, L.I., Nour Eldine, H.A., Dar, M.A., El-Moselhy, K.M., Assessment the leachable heavy metals and ecological risk in the surface sediments inside the Red Sea ports of Egypt, International Journal of Marine Science, 7 (23) (2017), 214-228, https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2017.07.0023.
  • Bhutiani, R., Kulkarni, D.B., Khanna, D.R., Gautam, A., Geochemical distribution and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of an industrial area and its surroundings, Haridwar, India, Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2 (2) (2017), 155–167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-016-0019-6.
  • Gasiorek M., Kowalska J., Mazurek R., Pajak M., Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution in topsoil of historical urban park on an example of the Planty Park in Krakow (Poland), Chemosphere, 179 (2017), 148-158, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.106.
  • Kowalska, J., Mazurek, R., Gasiorek, M., Setlak, M., Zaleski, T., Waroszewski, J., Soil pollution indices conditioned by medieval metallurgical activity - a case study from Krakow (Poland), Environmental Pollution, 218 (2016), 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.053.
  • Tang, W., Shan, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Ding, Y., Rong, N., Zhu, X., Heavy Metal Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Representative Limnetic Ecosystems in Eastern China, Scientific Reports, 4 (2014), 7152, https://doi.org/ 10.1038/srep07152.
  • Turekian, K.K., Wedepohl, K.H. Distribution of the Elements in some major units of the Earth's crust, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 72 (1961), 175-192.
  • Long, E.R., Morgan, L.G., The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the National Status and Trends Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 175 pp + appendices, 1991.
  • Smith, S.L., MacDonald, D.D., Keenleyside, K.A., Ingersoll, C.G., Field, L.J., A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems, Journal of Great Lakes Research 22(3) (1996), 624-638, https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70985-1.
  • MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., Berger, T.A., Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39 (2000), 20–31, https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s002440010075.
  • Franco-Uría, A., López-Mateo, C., Roca, E., Fernández-Marcos, M.L., Source identification of heavy metals in pastureland by multivariate analysis in NW Spain. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165 (2009), 1008–1015, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2008.10.118.
  • Hasan, A.B., Kabir, S., Reza, A.H.M.S., Zaman, M.N., Ahsan, A., Rashid, M., Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of trace metals in sediments of the ship breaking area of Sitakund Upazilla (Bhatiary-Kumira), Chittagong, Bangladesh, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 125 (2013), 130-137, https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.002.
  • Mazurek, R., Kowalska, J., Gasiorek, M., Zadrozny, P., Jozefowska, A., Zaleski, T., Kepka, W., Tymczuk, M., Orłowska, K., Assessment of heavy metals contamination in surface layers of Roztocze National Park forest soils (SE Poland) by indices of pollution, Chemosphere, 168 (2017), 839 850, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere. 2016.10.126.
  • Riba, I., DelValls, T.A., Forja, J.M., Gomez Parra, A., Evaluating the heavy metal contamination in sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary after the Aznalcollar mining spill (SW Spain): a mult ivariate analysis approach, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 77 (2002), 191 207, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015828020 313.
  • Sarala, T.D., Sabitha, M.A., Calculating Integrated Pollution Indices for Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment Near Sugar Mill, Journal of Research in Biology, 2(5) (2012), 489 498.
  • Guan, Y., Shao, C., Ju, M., Heavy metal contamination assessment and partition for industrial and mining gathering areas, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11 (2014), 7286 – 7303, https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph110707286.
  • Yong, N., Jiang, X., Wang, K., Xia, J., Jiao, W., Niu, Y., Yu, H., Meta analysis of heavy metal pollution and sources in surface sediments of Lake Taihu, China. Science of the Total Environment 700 (2020), 134509, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2019.134509.
  • Wang, J., Du, H., Xu, Y., Chen, K., Liang, J., Ke, H., Cheng, S.Y., Liu, M., Deng, H., He, T., Wang, W., Cai, M., Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China, BioMed Research International, (2016), https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2167053.
  • Müller, G., Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal 2 (1969), 108-118.
  • Hakanson, L., An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14 (1980), 975-1001, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
  • Bonnail, E., Sarmiento, A.M., Del Valls, T.A., Nieto, J.M., Riba, I., Assessment of metal contamination, bioavailability, toxicity and bioaccumulation in extreme metallic environments (Iberian Pyrite Belt) using Corbicula fluminea, Science of the Total Environment, 544 (2016), 1031-1044, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.11.131.
  • Tomlinson, D.L., Wilson, J.G., Harris, C.R., Jeffrey, D.W., Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 33(1-4) (1980), 566-575, https://doi.org/10. 1007/BF02414780.
  • Ahamad, M.I., Song, J., Sun, H., Wang, X., Mehmood, M.S., Su, P., Khan, A.J., Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (2020), 1070, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph17031070.
  • Shen, F., Mao, L., Sun, R., Du, J., Tan, Z., Ding, M., Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (2019), 336, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030336.
  • Withanachchi, S.S., Ghambashidze, G., Kunchulia, I., Urushadze, T., Ploeger, A., Water Quality in Surface Water: A Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of the Mashavera River, Georgia, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (2018), 621, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph 15040621.
  • Remeikaitė-Nikienė, N., Garnaga-Budrė, G., Lujanienė, G., Jokšas, K., Stankevičius, A., Malejevas, S., Barisevičiūte, R., Distribution of metals and extent of contamination in sediments from the south-eastern Baltic Sea (Lithuanian zone), Oceanologia, 60 (2) (2018), 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2017.11. 001.
  • Ahmad Zubir, A.A., Mohd Saad, F.N., Dahalan, F.A. The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area. E3S Web of Conferences, 34 (2018), 02018, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402018.
  • Akin, B.S., Kırmızıgul, O., Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Gökçekaya Dam Lake, Eskişehir, Turkey, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76 (2017), 402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6744-0.
  • Izah, S.C., Bassey, S.E., Ohimain, E.I., Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor and Quantification of Contamination of Heavy Metals in Soil Receiving Cassava Mill Effluents in A Rural Community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Molecular Soil Biology, 8 (2) (2017), 7-20, https://doi.org/10.5376/msb.2017.08. 0002.
  • Gabriel, G., Pop, C., Brudaşca, F., Gurzau, A.E., Spinu, M. The ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment from the Danube Delta, Ecotoxicology, 25 (2016), 688–696, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1627-9.
  • Üçüncü-Tunca, E., Beyşehir Gölü'nde Su ve Sedimentte Ağır Metal Birikimi ve Sedimentte Antropojenik Kontaminasyon Değerlendirmesi, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6 (2) (2016), 205-219.
  • Zhuang, W., Gao, X., Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the Coastal Waters of the Zhangzi Island, China: Comparison among Typical Marine Sediment Quality Indices, PLoS ONE, 9(4) (2014), e94145, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094145.
  • Ogbeibu, A.E., Omoigberale, M.O., Ezenwa, I.M., Eziza, J.O., Igwe, J.O., Using Pollution Load Index and Geoaccumulation Index for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Sediment Quality of the Benin River, Nigeria, Natural Environment, (2014), 1-9, https://doi.org/10.12966/ne.05.01.2014.
  • Rabee, A.M., Al-Fatlawy, Y.F., Abdown, A.D., Nameer, M., Using Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (I-Geo) for the Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Tigris River Sediment in Baghdad Region, Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 14 (4) (2011), 108-114, https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.14.4. 14.
  • Varol, M., Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195 (2011), 355– 364, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2011.08.051.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Review Articles
Yazarlar

Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen 0000-0002-4623-1256

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C-Biology.

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