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Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2023

Güllü Kırat

https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.1125279

Öz

Soil samples in Moryayla village located 156 km northeast of Erzurum and Cu mineralization area around it were collected randomly. In these samples, 20 samples were taken in order to investigate the metals found and the pollution limits of these metals and the sources that cause this pollution. The geochemical analyzes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe) of the collected soil samples were made and evaluated with the pollution parameters. In the calculation of these parameters, enrichment factor (EF); geoaccumulation index (Igeo); contamination factor (CF) and pollution load indices (PLI) were used by using average shale values and crust values. Statistically obtained Cu values were calculated as minimum 25.2 ppm, maximum 79.7 ppm and average 45.2. Among the statistically analyzed elements; A high positive correlation was observed between Cd and Pb and Zn, Cr with Ni and Pb and Zn (p <0.01). It has been observed that the average values of Cu, Fe and Pb metals are higher than the world average shale values, while the metal values of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn are lower. In the work area according to the values obtained, EF values are in the medium to extremely high enrichment class of other metals except Cd; It has been calculated that Igeo values show very little contamination and CF values show little-medium contamination and PLI values of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn metals are above 1.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geochemical analysis pollution parameters correlation soil samples

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma esnasında desteklerini esirgemeyen GRC Madencilik Ltd. Şirketi’ne teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Duffus, J.H. “Heavy metals a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 745:793-807, 2002.
  • [2] Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A. ve Timur, S. “Metallerin çevresel etkileri”. Metalurji Dergisi, 136: 47-53, 2009.
  • [3] Özkul, C., Acar, R. U., Köprübaşi, N., Er, A. E., Kizilkaya, H. İ., Metin, M. ve Şenel, M. N. “Altıntaş (Kütahya-Türkiye) Ovası Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması, Öncel Çalışma”. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Dergisi Cilt: 17, No: 1 (13-26), 2018. DOI: 10.30706/uybd.426408
  • [4] Barbieri, M., Nigro, A. and Sappa, G. “Soil contamination evaluation by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo)”. Senses Sci; 23:94-97, 2015. doi: 10.14616/sands-2015-3-9497
  • [5] Williams, C. H. and David, J. “Нe accumulation of Cadmium from Phosphorus Fertilisers and their effect on the Cadmium Content of Plants”. Soil Sci 121: 86-93, 1976.
  • [6] Mitchell, R. L. and Burridge, S. C. “Trace Element in soils and crops”. Phil Trans Royal Soc London B 288: 15-24, 1979.
  • [7] Dickshroon, W, Van Broekhoven, L. W. and Lampe, J. E. M. 1979. “Photo toxicity of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu and Cr in three pasture plant species supplied with graduated amount from the soil”. Nz Agric Sci 27: 241-253. 4.
  • [8] Underwood, E. J. “Trace Elements in human and animal nutrition”, New York. Academic Press 461-477, 1971.
  • [9] Barbieri, M. “The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to Evaluate the Soil Contamination”. J. Geol Geophys 5: 237, 2016. doi:10.4172/2381-8719.1000237
  • [10] Hudson-Edwards, K.A., Macklin, M. G., Miller, J. R. and Lechler, P. J. “Sources Distribution and Storage of heavy metals in the Rio Pilcomayo, Bolivia”. J Geochem Explor 72: 229-250, 2001.
  • [11] Miller, J. R., Hudson-Edwards, K. A., Lechler, P. I., Preston, D. and Macklin, M. G. “Heavy Metal Contamination of water soil and produce within riverine communities of the Rio Pilcomayo Basin, Bolivia”. Sci Total Environ 320: 189-209, 2004.
  • [12] Taylor, M. P., Mackay, A. K., Hudson-Edwards, K. A. and Holz, E. “Soil Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn Contaminant, around Isa City, Queensland, Australia: Potential Sources and risks to human health”. Appl Geochem 25: 841-855, 2010.
  • [13] Wuana, R. A. and Okieimen, F. E. “Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation”. ISRN Ecology International Scholarly Research Network 402647: 20, 2011.
  • [14] Kafadar, F. ve Saygıdeğer, S. “Gaziantep İlinde Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atık Suları İle Sulanan Bazı Tarım Bitkilerinde Kurşun Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi”. Ekoloji.75:41-48, 2010.
  • [15] Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, A. M. ve Pehluvan, M. “Ağır Metallerin Bitkiler Üzerine Etkileri”. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi. 17(2): 14-26, 2009.
  • [16] Yavuz, O. ve Sarigül, N. “Toprak ve Sucul Ortamlardaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği ve Ağır Metal Dirençli Mikroorganizmalar”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 71: 44-51, 2016.
  • [17] Sönmez, S., Kaplan, M., Sönmez, N. K., Kaya, H. and Uz, İ. “High level of copper application to soil and leaves reduce the growth and yield of tomato plants”. Sci. Agric. Piracicaba, Braz.. 63(3):213-218, 2006.
  • [18] Vaillant, N., Monnet, F., Hitmi, A., Sallanon, H. and Coudret, A. “Comparative study of responses in four Datura species to a zinc stress”. Chemosphere. 59:1005-1013, 2005.
  • [19] Shanker, A. K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam, S. “Chromium toxicity in plants”. Environment International. 31(5):739-753, 2005.
  • [20] Kacar, B. “Toprak Analizleri”. 2. Baskı. Nobel Yayınları No:1387, Ankara, 2009.
  • [21] Yerli, C., Çakmakci, T., Şahin, Ü. ve Tüfenkçi, Ş. “Ağır Metallerin Toprak, Bitki, Su ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Özel Sayı, Sayfa 103-114, 2020.
  • [22] Kirat, G. and Aydin, N. “Investigation of Metal Pollution in Moryayla Erzurum and Surrounding Stream Sediments, Turkey”. Inter J of Environ Sci and Tech. Volume 15, Issue 10, pp 2229–2240, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-017-1611-9
  • [23] Buat-Menard, P. and Chesselet, R. “Variable influence of the atmospheric flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter”. Earth Planet Sci Lett 42:399–411, 1979.
  • [24] Vaezi, A. R., Karbassi, A. R., Valavi, S. H. and Ganjali, M. R. “Ecological risk assessment of metals contamination in the sediment of the Bamdezh wetland, Iran”. Int J Environ Sci Technol 12:951–958, 2015.
  • [25] Abrahim, G. M. S and Parker, R.J. “Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland”, New Zealand. Environ Monit Assess 136(1–3):227–238, 2008.
  • [26] Bresline, V. T. and Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. “High spatial resolution sampling of metals in the sediment and water column in port Jefferson Harbour”, New York. Estuaries 22:669–680, 1999.
  • [27] Windom, H. L., Schropp, S. J., Calder, F.D., Ryan, D. J., Smith, R. G., Burney, L. C., Lewis, F. G. and Rawlinson, C. H. “Natural trace metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments of the southeastern United State”. Environ Sci Technol 23:314–320, 1989.
  • [28] Bruland, K. W., Bertine, K., Koide, M. and Goldberg, E. D. “History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone”. Environ Sci Technol 8:425–432, 1974.
  • [29] Algan, O., Balkıs, N., Çağatay, M. N. and Sarı, E. “The sources of metal in the shelf sediments of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environ Geol. 46:932–950, 2004.
  • [30] Pekey, H., Karakas¸ D., Ayberk, S., Tolun, L. and Bakoğlu, M. “Ecological risk assesment using trace elements from surface sediments of Izmit (Gulf Northeastern Marmara Sea) Turkey”. Mar Pollut Bull 48:946–953, 2004.
  • [31] Pehlivan, H. “Investigation of heavy metal pollution in sediments of Southern Marmara Sea (The Kocasu Delta)”. Master Degree Thesis, Hacettepe University, Department of Environmental Engineering. Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü, 151, Ankara, 2017.
  • [32] Mason, B. Principals of geochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1966.
  • [33] Özkul, C. “Kütahya Şehir Merkezinde Yer Alan Çocuk Parklarındaki Toprakların Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19, 015803: 226-240, 2019. Doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.408653
  • [34] Sutherland, R. A. “Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii”. Environ. Geol, 39: 611–27, 2000.
  • [35] Müller, G. “Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine River”. Geo J, 2:108–118, 1969.
  • [36] Müller, G. “Die Schwermetallbelastung der Sedimenten des Neckars und Seiner Nebenflüsse”, Chemiker-Zeitung, 6:157, 1981.
  • [37] Esen, E, Kucuksezgın, F. and Uluturhan, E. “Assessment of trace metal pollution in surface sediments of Nemrut Bay, Aegean Sea”. Environ Monit Assess 160(1–4):257, 2010.
  • [38] Uluturhan, E. “Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from two regions Saros and Gokova Gulfs of the Eastern Aegean Sea”. Environ Monit Assess 165(1–4):675, 2010.
  • [39] Thomlinson, I. “Exploration geochemistry: design and interpretation of soil surveys”, Rev Econ Geol, 3:1–18, 1986.
  • [40] Chakravarty, I. M. and Patgiri, A. D. “Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of the Dikrong River, N.E.” India Journal of Human Ecology, 27:63-67, 2009.

Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2023

Güllü Kırat

https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.1125279

Öz

Soil samples in Moryayla village located 156 km northeast of Erzurum and Cu mineralization area around it were collected randomly. In these samples, 20 samples were taken in order to investigate the metals found and the pollution limits of these metals and the sources that cause this pollution. The geochemical analyzes (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe) of the collected soil samples were made and evaluated with the pollution parameters. In the calculation of these parameters, enrichment factor (EF); geoaccumulation index (Igeo); contamination factor (CF) and pollution load indices (PLI) were used by using average shale values and crust values. Statistically obtained Cu values were calculated as minimum 25.2 ppm, maximum 79.7 ppm and average 45.2. Among the statistically analyzed elements; A high positive correlation was observed between Cd and Pb and Zn, Cr with Ni and Pb and Zn (p <0.01). It has been observed that the average values of Cu, Fe and Pb metals are higher than the world average shale values, while the metal values of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn are lower. In the work area according to the values obtained, EF values are in the medium to extremely high enrichment class of other metals except Cd; It has been calculated that Igeo values show very little contamination and CF values show little-medium contamination and PLI values of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn metals are above 1.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geochemical analysis pollution parameters correlation soil samples

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • [1] Duffus, J.H. “Heavy metals a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 745:793-807, 2002.
  • [2] Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A. ve Timur, S. “Metallerin çevresel etkileri”. Metalurji Dergisi, 136: 47-53, 2009.
  • [3] Özkul, C., Acar, R. U., Köprübaşi, N., Er, A. E., Kizilkaya, H. İ., Metin, M. ve Şenel, M. N. “Altıntaş (Kütahya-Türkiye) Ovası Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması, Öncel Çalışma”. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Dergisi Cilt: 17, No: 1 (13-26), 2018. DOI: 10.30706/uybd.426408
  • [4] Barbieri, M., Nigro, A. and Sappa, G. “Soil contamination evaluation by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo)”. Senses Sci; 23:94-97, 2015. doi: 10.14616/sands-2015-3-9497
  • [5] Williams, C. H. and David, J. “Нe accumulation of Cadmium from Phosphorus Fertilisers and their effect on the Cadmium Content of Plants”. Soil Sci 121: 86-93, 1976.
  • [6] Mitchell, R. L. and Burridge, S. C. “Trace Element in soils and crops”. Phil Trans Royal Soc London B 288: 15-24, 1979.
  • [7] Dickshroon, W, Van Broekhoven, L. W. and Lampe, J. E. M. 1979. “Photo toxicity of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu and Cr in three pasture plant species supplied with graduated amount from the soil”. Nz Agric Sci 27: 241-253. 4.
  • [8] Underwood, E. J. “Trace Elements in human and animal nutrition”, New York. Academic Press 461-477, 1971.
  • [9] Barbieri, M. “The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to Evaluate the Soil Contamination”. J. Geol Geophys 5: 237, 2016. doi:10.4172/2381-8719.1000237
  • [10] Hudson-Edwards, K.A., Macklin, M. G., Miller, J. R. and Lechler, P. J. “Sources Distribution and Storage of heavy metals in the Rio Pilcomayo, Bolivia”. J Geochem Explor 72: 229-250, 2001.
  • [11] Miller, J. R., Hudson-Edwards, K. A., Lechler, P. I., Preston, D. and Macklin, M. G. “Heavy Metal Contamination of water soil and produce within riverine communities of the Rio Pilcomayo Basin, Bolivia”. Sci Total Environ 320: 189-209, 2004.
  • [12] Taylor, M. P., Mackay, A. K., Hudson-Edwards, K. A. and Holz, E. “Soil Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn Contaminant, around Isa City, Queensland, Australia: Potential Sources and risks to human health”. Appl Geochem 25: 841-855, 2010.
  • [13] Wuana, R. A. and Okieimen, F. E. “Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation”. ISRN Ecology International Scholarly Research Network 402647: 20, 2011.
  • [14] Kafadar, F. ve Saygıdeğer, S. “Gaziantep İlinde Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atık Suları İle Sulanan Bazı Tarım Bitkilerinde Kurşun Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi”. Ekoloji.75:41-48, 2010.
  • [15] Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, A. M. ve Pehluvan, M. “Ağır Metallerin Bitkiler Üzerine Etkileri”. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi. 17(2): 14-26, 2009.
  • [16] Yavuz, O. ve Sarigül, N. “Toprak ve Sucul Ortamlardaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği ve Ağır Metal Dirençli Mikroorganizmalar”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 71: 44-51, 2016.
  • [17] Sönmez, S., Kaplan, M., Sönmez, N. K., Kaya, H. and Uz, İ. “High level of copper application to soil and leaves reduce the growth and yield of tomato plants”. Sci. Agric. Piracicaba, Braz.. 63(3):213-218, 2006.
  • [18] Vaillant, N., Monnet, F., Hitmi, A., Sallanon, H. and Coudret, A. “Comparative study of responses in four Datura species to a zinc stress”. Chemosphere. 59:1005-1013, 2005.
  • [19] Shanker, A. K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H. and Avudainayagam, S. “Chromium toxicity in plants”. Environment International. 31(5):739-753, 2005.
  • [20] Kacar, B. “Toprak Analizleri”. 2. Baskı. Nobel Yayınları No:1387, Ankara, 2009.
  • [21] Yerli, C., Çakmakci, T., Şahin, Ü. ve Tüfenkçi, Ş. “Ağır Metallerin Toprak, Bitki, Su ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Özel Sayı, Sayfa 103-114, 2020.
  • [22] Kirat, G. and Aydin, N. “Investigation of Metal Pollution in Moryayla Erzurum and Surrounding Stream Sediments, Turkey”. Inter J of Environ Sci and Tech. Volume 15, Issue 10, pp 2229–2240, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-017-1611-9
  • [23] Buat-Menard, P. and Chesselet, R. “Variable influence of the atmospheric flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter”. Earth Planet Sci Lett 42:399–411, 1979.
  • [24] Vaezi, A. R., Karbassi, A. R., Valavi, S. H. and Ganjali, M. R. “Ecological risk assessment of metals contamination in the sediment of the Bamdezh wetland, Iran”. Int J Environ Sci Technol 12:951–958, 2015.
  • [25] Abrahim, G. M. S and Parker, R.J. “Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland”, New Zealand. Environ Monit Assess 136(1–3):227–238, 2008.
  • [26] Bresline, V. T. and Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. “High spatial resolution sampling of metals in the sediment and water column in port Jefferson Harbour”, New York. Estuaries 22:669–680, 1999.
  • [27] Windom, H. L., Schropp, S. J., Calder, F.D., Ryan, D. J., Smith, R. G., Burney, L. C., Lewis, F. G. and Rawlinson, C. H. “Natural trace metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments of the southeastern United State”. Environ Sci Technol 23:314–320, 1989.
  • [28] Bruland, K. W., Bertine, K., Koide, M. and Goldberg, E. D. “History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone”. Environ Sci Technol 8:425–432, 1974.
  • [29] Algan, O., Balkıs, N., Çağatay, M. N. and Sarı, E. “The sources of metal in the shelf sediments of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environ Geol. 46:932–950, 2004.
  • [30] Pekey, H., Karakas¸ D., Ayberk, S., Tolun, L. and Bakoğlu, M. “Ecological risk assesment using trace elements from surface sediments of Izmit (Gulf Northeastern Marmara Sea) Turkey”. Mar Pollut Bull 48:946–953, 2004.
  • [31] Pehlivan, H. “Investigation of heavy metal pollution in sediments of Southern Marmara Sea (The Kocasu Delta)”. Master Degree Thesis, Hacettepe University, Department of Environmental Engineering. Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü, 151, Ankara, 2017.
  • [32] Mason, B. Principals of geochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1966.
  • [33] Özkul, C. “Kütahya Şehir Merkezinde Yer Alan Çocuk Parklarındaki Toprakların Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19, 015803: 226-240, 2019. Doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.408653
  • [34] Sutherland, R. A. “Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii”. Environ. Geol, 39: 611–27, 2000.
  • [35] Müller, G. “Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine River”. Geo J, 2:108–118, 1969.
  • [36] Müller, G. “Die Schwermetallbelastung der Sedimenten des Neckars und Seiner Nebenflüsse”, Chemiker-Zeitung, 6:157, 1981.
  • [37] Esen, E, Kucuksezgın, F. and Uluturhan, E. “Assessment of trace metal pollution in surface sediments of Nemrut Bay, Aegean Sea”. Environ Monit Assess 160(1–4):257, 2010.
  • [38] Uluturhan, E. “Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from two regions Saros and Gokova Gulfs of the Eastern Aegean Sea”. Environ Monit Assess 165(1–4):675, 2010.
  • [39] Thomlinson, I. “Exploration geochemistry: design and interpretation of soil surveys”, Rev Econ Geol, 3:1–18, 1986.
  • [40] Chakravarty, I. M. and Patgiri, A. D. “Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of the Dikrong River, N.E.” India Journal of Human Ecology, 27:63-67, 2009.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilgisayar Yazılımı, Genel Jeoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Güllü Kırat 0000-0002-5859-9592

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırat, G. (2023). Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla). International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.1125279
AMA Kırat G. Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla). ISVOS. Haziran 2023;7(1):1-8. doi:10.47897/bilmes.1125279
Chicago Kırat, Güllü. “Investigation of Soil Pollution With Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)”. International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.1125279.
EndNote Kırat G (01 Haziran 2023) Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla). International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal 7 1 1–8.
IEEE G. Kırat, “Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)”, ISVOS, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 1–8, 2023, doi: 10.47897/bilmes.1125279.
ISNAD Kırat, Güllü. “Investigation of Soil Pollution With Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)”. International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal 7/1 (Haziran 2023), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47897/bilmes.1125279.
JAMA Kırat G. Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla). ISVOS. 2023;7:1–8.
MLA Kırat, Güllü. “Investigation of Soil Pollution With Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla)”. International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal, c. 7, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 1-8, doi:10.47897/bilmes.1125279.
Vancouver Kırat G. Investigation of Soil Pollution with Pollution Parameters (Erzurum-Moryayla). ISVOS. 2023;7(1):1-8.
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