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Determining the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Cover along with Some Socio-Economic Factors in the Olur Planning Unit (Turkey)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 926 - 940, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.972438

Öz

Because forest cover changes directly affect the sustainability of the forest value, they should be observed carefully. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of land use/land cover change (LULCC) along with the effects of some socio-economic factors such as forest crime rates, rural population change, and annual gross national product (GNP) on spatiotemporal change of forest dynamics between 1970 and 2015 in the Olur forest planning unit using ArcGIS software and Patch Analyst extension.The results showed that high forest areas increased by 47.14% between 1970 and 2015. Coppice stands completely transitioned to other cover types in 2015 due to the changing of management policy in the case study area. Based on landscape pattern, the total number of patches (NP) increased by 50.07%, and mean patch size (MPS) decreased by 31.88% during the period. Results indicated that the forest ecosystem became more sensitive as it turned into a more spatially fragmented structure, making continued efforts to maintain biodiversity and insure sustainability a challenge. Depending on the decrease in the rural population and economic growth, there was a serious decrease in forest crime rates. This study has shown that socio-economic factors can be effective on landscape dynamics besides management activities.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A.E., Sivrikaya, F., Gulci, S. (2014). Analyzing riparian forest cover changes along the Firniz River in the Mediterranean City of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 186:2741–2747.
  • Armenteras, D., Gast, F., Villareal, H. (2003). Andean forest fragmentation and the representativeness of protected natural areas in the eastern Andes, Colombia. Biol Conserv 113:245–256. Armenteras, D., Rudas, G., Rodriguez, N., Sua, S., Romero, M. (2006). Pattern and cause of deforestation in Columbian Amazon. Ecol Indic 6:353–368.
  • Baskent, E.Z., Jordan, J.A. (1995). Characterizing spatial structure of forest landscapes: a hierarchical approach. Can J Forest Res 25:1830–1849.
  • Beier, P., Drielen, M.V., Kankam, B. (2002). Avifaunal collapse in West African forest fragments. Conserv Biol 16:1097–1111.
  • Benitez-Malvido, J., Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. (2008). Habitat fragmentation, edge effects and biological corridors in tropical ecosystems. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
  • Bozali, N., Sivrikaya, F., Akay, A.E. (2015). Use of spatial pattern analysis to assess forest cover changes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. J For Res 20:365–374.
  • Bozali, Nuri. (2021). Temporal dynamics in land use/land cover change: an example of kökez planning unit. Turk J For Sci. 5: 127-138.
  • Cakir, G., Sivrikaya, F., Keles, S. (2008a). Forest cover change and fragmentation using Landsat data in Macka State Forest Enterprise in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 137:51–66.
  • Cakir, G., Latif, G., Aybar, M., Yılmaz, M. (2015). Evaluation of the land covers changes with socio-economic conditions: case of Sebinkarahisar. Macadesu 2015, 1st International Conference on Sea and Coastal Development in the Frame of Sustainability, vol.1, no.1, Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Cayuela, L., Rey Benayas, J.M., Echeverria, C. (2006). Clearance and fragmentation of tropical montane forests in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico (1975–2000). For Ecol Manag 226:208–218.
  • Cernusca, A., Tappeiner, U., Bayfield, N. (1999). Land-Use Changes in European Mountain Ecosystems. ECOMONT-Concept and Results. Blackwell: Berlin, Germany.
  • Chaves, M.E., Arango, N. (Eds.) (1998). Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad 1997. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, PNUMA and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 3 vol. Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Chen, L., Wang, J., Fu, B., Qiu, Y. (2001). Land use change in a small catchment of northern loess Plateau, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 86:163–172.
  • Debinski, D., Holt, R. (2000). A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conserv Biol 14:342–355.
  • DiBari, J.N. (2007). Evaluation of five landscape-level metrics for measuring the effects of urbanization on landscape structure: The case of Tucson, Arizona, Az. Landscape Urban Plan 79:308–313.
  • Doygun, H., Alphan, H. (2006). Monitoring urbanization of Iskenderun, Turkey and its negative implications. Environ Monit Assess 114:145–155.
  • Echeverria, C., Coomes, D., Salas, J., Rey-Benayas, J.M., Lara, A., Newton, A. (2006). Rapid deforestation and fragmentation of Chilean temperate forests. Biol Conserv 130:481–494.
  • Eken, G., Bozdogan, M.,Isfendiyaroglu, S., Kilİc, iD.T., Lise, Y. (eds) (2006). Key biodiversity areas of Turkey. Doga Dernegi, Ankara.
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  • Forman, R.T.T., Godron, M. (1986). Landscape Ecology. John Wiley: New York, NY.
  • Forman, R.T.T. (1995). Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology 10: 133-142.
  • García-Gigorro, S., Saura, S. (2005). Forest fragmentation estimated from remotely sensed data: Is comparison across scales possible? Forest Sci 51:51–63.
  • Gautam, A.P., Webb, E.L., Shivakoti, G.P., Zoebisch, M.A. (2003). Land use dynamics and landscape change pattern in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Agric Ecosyst Environ 99:83–96.
  • Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J. G., Bai, X. M., et al. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864), 756–760.
  • GDF (2006a). Forest rehabilitation action plan. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 38.
  • GDF (2006b). Forest conversion action plan from coppice forest to high forest, 2006–2015. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 14.
  • GDF (2008). National Afforestation and Erosion Control Action Plan, 2008-2012. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 54.
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  • Gigord, L., Picot, F., Shykoff, J.A. (1999). Effects of habitat fragmentation on Dombeya acutangula (Sterculiaceae), a native tree on La Réunion (Indian Ocean). Biol Conserv 88:43-51.
  • Gol, Ceyhun., Günlü, Alkan., Edis, Semih., Kucukdongul, Ahmet. (2018). The effects of catchment melioration on land use types and land cover (LULC) between 1990 - 2014 in Çorum - Osmancık - Emine Creek watersheds. Turk J For. 19: 149-155.
  • Gunlu, A., Kadiogullari, A.I., Keles, S., Baskent, E.Z. (2009). Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to deforestation in Northeastern Turkey: a case study in Rize. Environ Monit Assess 148:127–137.
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  • Holdgate, M.V. (1993). The sustainable use of tourism: A key conservation issue. Ambio, 22: 481–484.
  • Houghton R.A. (1994). The worldwide extent of land-use change. BioScience 44: 305–313.
  • Imbernon, J., Branthomme, A. (2001). Characterization of landscape patterns of deforestation in tropical rain forests. Int J Remote Sens 22:1753–1765.
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  • Kaptan, S. (2021) Investigation of temporal changes in land cover and in categories of forest development age and crown closure: The case of Karabiga Forest Planning Unit. Turk J For 22: 97-104.
  • Karanth, K.K., Curran, L.M., Reuning-Scherer, J.D. (2006). Village size and forest disturbance in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. Biol Conserv 128: 147–157.
  • Keles, S., Sivrikaya, F., Cakir, G., Baskent. E.Z., Kose, S. (2008). Spatial and temporal changes in forest cover in Turkey’s Artvin Forest, 1972–2002. Pol J Environ Stud 17:491–501.
  • Keles, S., Durusoy, I., Cakir, G. (2016). Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey. J For Res 28: 329–342.
  • Kilic, S., Evrendilek, F., Berberoglu, S., Demirkesen, A.C. (2004). Environmental monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in Amik Plain, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 114:157–168 .
  • Kucuker D.M., Kadiogullari, A.I., Gunlu, A., Baskent, E.Z. (2008). Analyzing of spatial and temporal changes of forest resources with geographic information system and remote sensing techniques: Case study in Akdamla. 5th International Conference on Geographic Information Systems (ISGIS-2008), 1-3 July 2008; Istanbul, Turkey. pp. 155-162.
  • Kucuker, D.M., Baskent, E.Z. (2017). Mediterranean pine nuts from forests and plantations. Options Méditerranéennes, Series A: Mediterranean Seminars, No. 122, Carrasquinho I, Correi A. C., Mutke S. Editor, Ciheam, Zaragoza, pp.7-12, 2017
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Olur Planlama Biriminde (Türkiye) Arazi Örtüsünün Bazı Sosyo-Ekonomik Faktörlerle Birlikte Konumsal-Zamansal Dinamiklerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 926 - 940, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.972438

Öz

Orman örtüsünde meydana gelen değişimler orman fonksiyonlarının sürdürülebilirliği üzerinde doğrudan etkili olduğu için dikkatli bir biçimde gözlemlenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, Olur Orman İşletme Şefliği’nde 1970-2015 yılları arasında arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsünde meydana gelen zamansal ve konumsal değişimler; ArcGIS yazılım ve Patch Analizi eklentisi kullanılarak ve orman suç oranları, kırsal nüfus değişimi ve gayri safi milli hasıla değerleri gibi bazı sosyo-ekonomik faktörler dikkate alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, koru ormanlarında 1970-2015 yılları arasında %47.14’lük bir artış olduğunu ve uygulanan yönetim politikasındaki değişikliğin etkisiyle baltalık alanların 2015 yılı itibariyle alanda bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Patch analizi sonuçlarına göre ise toplam parça sayısı %50.07 oranında artarken ortalama parça büyüklüğü de %31.88 oranında azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, orman ekosisteminin konumsal olarak parçalanmış bir yapıya dönüştüğü için daha hassas hale geldiğini ve biyolojik çeşitliliği korumak ve sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için sürekli çaba sarf edilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Kırsal nüfusun azalmasına ve ekonomik büyümeye bağlı olarak orman suç oranlarında ciddi bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışma amenajman aktivitelerinin yanı sıra sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerin de orman dinamikleri üzerinde etkili olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A.E., Sivrikaya, F., Gulci, S. (2014). Analyzing riparian forest cover changes along the Firniz River in the Mediterranean City of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 186:2741–2747.
  • Armenteras, D., Gast, F., Villareal, H. (2003). Andean forest fragmentation and the representativeness of protected natural areas in the eastern Andes, Colombia. Biol Conserv 113:245–256. Armenteras, D., Rudas, G., Rodriguez, N., Sua, S., Romero, M. (2006). Pattern and cause of deforestation in Columbian Amazon. Ecol Indic 6:353–368.
  • Baskent, E.Z., Jordan, J.A. (1995). Characterizing spatial structure of forest landscapes: a hierarchical approach. Can J Forest Res 25:1830–1849.
  • Beier, P., Drielen, M.V., Kankam, B. (2002). Avifaunal collapse in West African forest fragments. Conserv Biol 16:1097–1111.
  • Benitez-Malvido, J., Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. (2008). Habitat fragmentation, edge effects and biological corridors in tropical ecosystems. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
  • Bozali, N., Sivrikaya, F., Akay, A.E. (2015). Use of spatial pattern analysis to assess forest cover changes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. J For Res 20:365–374.
  • Bozali, Nuri. (2021). Temporal dynamics in land use/land cover change: an example of kökez planning unit. Turk J For Sci. 5: 127-138.
  • Cakir, G., Sivrikaya, F., Keles, S. (2008a). Forest cover change and fragmentation using Landsat data in Macka State Forest Enterprise in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 137:51–66.
  • Cakir, G., Latif, G., Aybar, M., Yılmaz, M. (2015). Evaluation of the land covers changes with socio-economic conditions: case of Sebinkarahisar. Macadesu 2015, 1st International Conference on Sea and Coastal Development in the Frame of Sustainability, vol.1, no.1, Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Cayuela, L., Rey Benayas, J.M., Echeverria, C. (2006). Clearance and fragmentation of tropical montane forests in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico (1975–2000). For Ecol Manag 226:208–218.
  • Cernusca, A., Tappeiner, U., Bayfield, N. (1999). Land-Use Changes in European Mountain Ecosystems. ECOMONT-Concept and Results. Blackwell: Berlin, Germany.
  • Chaves, M.E., Arango, N. (Eds.) (1998). Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad 1997. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, PNUMA and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 3 vol. Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Chen, L., Wang, J., Fu, B., Qiu, Y. (2001). Land use change in a small catchment of northern loess Plateau, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 86:163–172.
  • Debinski, D., Holt, R. (2000). A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conserv Biol 14:342–355.
  • DiBari, J.N. (2007). Evaluation of five landscape-level metrics for measuring the effects of urbanization on landscape structure: The case of Tucson, Arizona, Az. Landscape Urban Plan 79:308–313.
  • Doygun, H., Alphan, H. (2006). Monitoring urbanization of Iskenderun, Turkey and its negative implications. Environ Monit Assess 114:145–155.
  • Echeverria, C., Coomes, D., Salas, J., Rey-Benayas, J.M., Lara, A., Newton, A. (2006). Rapid deforestation and fragmentation of Chilean temperate forests. Biol Conserv 130:481–494.
  • Eken, G., Bozdogan, M.,Isfendiyaroglu, S., Kilİc, iD.T., Lise, Y. (eds) (2006). Key biodiversity areas of Turkey. Doga Dernegi, Ankara.
  • FAO (2015a). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: How are the world’s forests changing? Second Edition. Rome.
  • Forman, R.T.T., Godron, M. (1986). Landscape Ecology. John Wiley: New York, NY.
  • Forman, R.T.T. (1995). Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology 10: 133-142.
  • García-Gigorro, S., Saura, S. (2005). Forest fragmentation estimated from remotely sensed data: Is comparison across scales possible? Forest Sci 51:51–63.
  • Gautam, A.P., Webb, E.L., Shivakoti, G.P., Zoebisch, M.A. (2003). Land use dynamics and landscape change pattern in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Agric Ecosyst Environ 99:83–96.
  • Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J. G., Bai, X. M., et al. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864), 756–760.
  • GDF (2006a). Forest rehabilitation action plan. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 38.
  • GDF (2006b). Forest conversion action plan from coppice forest to high forest, 2006–2015. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 14.
  • GDF (2008). National Afforestation and Erosion Control Action Plan, 2008-2012. General Directorate of Forestry, Ankara, p 54.
  • GDF (2015). Erzurum Regional Directorate of Forestry, Olur State Forest Enterprise, Forest Management Plan for Olur Forest Planning Unit (2015-2034), Ankara.
  • Gibson, D.W., Wilson, J.D., Green, R.E. (2011). Using conservation science to solve conservation problems. J Appl Ecol 48:505–508.
  • Gigord, L., Picot, F., Shykoff, J.A. (1999). Effects of habitat fragmentation on Dombeya acutangula (Sterculiaceae), a native tree on La Réunion (Indian Ocean). Biol Conserv 88:43-51.
  • Gol, Ceyhun., Günlü, Alkan., Edis, Semih., Kucukdongul, Ahmet. (2018). The effects of catchment melioration on land use types and land cover (LULC) between 1990 - 2014 in Çorum - Osmancık - Emine Creek watersheds. Turk J For. 19: 149-155.
  • Gunlu, A., Kadiogullari, A.I., Keles, S., Baskent, E.Z. (2009). Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to deforestation in Northeastern Turkey: a case study in Rize. Environ Monit Assess 148:127–137.
  • Halpern, C.B., Spies, T.A. (1995). Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol Appl 5: 913–934.
  • Hietala-Koivu, R. (1999). Agricultural landscape change: a case study in Ylane, southwest Finland. Landscape Urban Plan 46:103–108.
  • Holdgate, M.V. (1993). The sustainable use of tourism: A key conservation issue. Ambio, 22: 481–484.
  • Houghton R.A. (1994). The worldwide extent of land-use change. BioScience 44: 305–313.
  • Imbernon, J., Branthomme, A. (2001). Characterization of landscape patterns of deforestation in tropical rain forests. Int J Remote Sens 22:1753–1765.
  • Kaptan S. Durkaya A. (2019) Analysing Temporal and Spatial Changes in Land Cover: the Case of Drahna Forest Subdistrict Directorate",Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 47-56.
  • Kaptan, S. (2021) Investigation of temporal changes in land cover and in categories of forest development age and crown closure: The case of Karabiga Forest Planning Unit. Turk J For 22: 97-104.
  • Karanth, K.K., Curran, L.M., Reuning-Scherer, J.D. (2006). Village size and forest disturbance in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. Biol Conserv 128: 147–157.
  • Keles, S., Sivrikaya, F., Cakir, G., Baskent. E.Z., Kose, S. (2008). Spatial and temporal changes in forest cover in Turkey’s Artvin Forest, 1972–2002. Pol J Environ Stud 17:491–501.
  • Keles, S., Durusoy, I., Cakir, G. (2016). Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey. J For Res 28: 329–342.
  • Kilic, S., Evrendilek, F., Berberoglu, S., Demirkesen, A.C. (2004). Environmental monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in Amik Plain, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 114:157–168 .
  • Kucuker D.M., Kadiogullari, A.I., Gunlu, A., Baskent, E.Z. (2008). Analyzing of spatial and temporal changes of forest resources with geographic information system and remote sensing techniques: Case study in Akdamla. 5th International Conference on Geographic Information Systems (ISGIS-2008), 1-3 July 2008; Istanbul, Turkey. pp. 155-162.
  • Kucuker, D.M., Baskent, E.Z. (2017). Mediterranean pine nuts from forests and plantations. Options Méditerranéennes, Series A: Mediterranean Seminars, No. 122, Carrasquinho I, Correi A. C., Mutke S. Editor, Ciheam, Zaragoza, pp.7-12, 2017
  • Kupfer, J.A. (2006). National assessments of forest fragmentation in the US. Glob Environ Change 16:73–82.
  • Laurance, W.F. (1999). Reflections on the tropical deforestation crisis. Biol Conserv 91:109–117.
  • Loehle, C., Li, B.L. (1996). Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited. Ecol Appl 6:784–789.
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  • Onal, M. (2012). Medical and aromatic plants of Olur, Oltu and Senkaya. Master Thesis. Artvin Coruh University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences.
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Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Yazarlar

Derya Mumcu Küçüker 0000-0002-7683-3565

Burak Sarı 0000-0002-0539-7778

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Mumcu Küçüker, D., & Sarı, B. (2021). Determining the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Cover along with Some Socio-Economic Factors in the Olur Planning Unit (Turkey). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 926-940. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.972438


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