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THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 9 - 19, 21.03.2012

Öz

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of UV-B radiation with different exposure times (0, 1, 3 and 5 hours) on photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Bülbül 89) leaves. The polyphasic rise (OJIP) in the chlorophyll a fluorescence was used to evaluate the effect
of UV-B stress on the efficiency of PSII. UV-B stress significantly affected the functional parameters and structural parameters calculated by JIP-Test. The effect of UV-B with different application times on polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters are discussed from the perspective of evaluating the relative importance of UV-B of donor and acceptor side capacity in PSII.

Kaynakça

  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N. and Ro-Poulsen, H. (2005). Effects of ambient versus re- duced UV-B radiation on high arctic Salix arctica assesed by measurements and cal- culations of chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters from fluorescence transients. Physiologia Plantarum 124, 208-226.
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N. and Ro-Poulsen, H. (2008). Ambient UV-B radiation de- creases photosynthesis in high arctic Vac- cinium uliginosum. Physiologia Planta- rum 133, 199-210.
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Arndal, M.F. and Michelsen, A. (2010a). Ambient UV-B radiation reduces PSII performance and net photosynthesis in high Arctic Salix arctica. Environmental and Experimental Botany, (in press), doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.07.001
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Michelsen, A., Arndal, M.F., Bredahl, L., Hakansson, K.B., Boesgaard, K. and Schmidt, N.M. (2010b). Improved UV-B screening capacity does not prevent nega- tive effects of ambient UV irradiance on PSII performance in High Arctic plants. Results from a six year UV exclusion study. Journal of Plant Physiology 167, 1542-1549.
  • Allen, D.J., Nogues, S. and Baker, N.R. (1998). Ozone depletion and increased UV-B ra- diation: is there a real threat to photosyn- thesis? Journal of Experimental Botany 49, 1775-1788.
  • Bieza, K. and Lois, R. (2001). An Arabidopsis mutant tolerant to lethal ultraviolet-B levels shows constitutively elevated ac- cumulation of flavonoids and other phe- nolics. Plant Physiology 126, 1105-1115.
  • Cao, J. Govindjee (1990). Chlorophyll a fluo- rescence transient as an indicator of active and inactive photosystem II in thylakoid membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Ac- ta 1015, 180-188.
  • Correia, C.M., Areal, E.L.V., Torres-Pereira, M.S. and Torres-Pereira, J.M.G. (1999). Intraspesific variation in sensitivity to ultraviolet-B radiation in maize grown under field conditions. II. Physiological and biochemical aspects. Field Crops Re- searh 62, 97-105.
  • Çakırlar, H., Çiçek, N., Fedina, I., Georgieva, K., Doğru, A. and Velitchkova, M. (2008). NaCl induced cross-acclimation to UV-B radiation in four barley (Hor- deum vulgare L.) cultivars. Acta Physi- ologiae Plantarum 30, 561-567.
  • Çiçek, N. and Çakırlar, H. (2006). Fotosentezi ölçme yöntemleri: Klorofil fluoresansı. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 7(3), 295-302.
  • Demmig, B. and Björkman, O. (1987). Com- parison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77K) and pho- ton yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher plants. Planta 171, 171-184.
  • Epitalawage, N., Eggenberg, P. and Strasser, R.J. (2003). Use of fast chlorophyll a flu- orescence technique in detecting drought and salinity tolerant chickpea (Cicer ari- etinum L.) varieties. Archives des Sci- ences Genève 56(2), 79-93.
  • Fedina, I., Grigorova, I. and Georgieva, K. (2003). Response of barley seedlings to UV-B radiation as affected by NaCl. Journal of Plant Physiology 160, 205- 208.
  • Greenberg, B.M., Wilson, M.I., Gerhardt, K.E. and Wilson, K.E. (1996). Morphological and physiological responses of Brassica napus to ultraviolet-B radiation: photo- modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and potential ac- climation processes. Journal of Plant Physiology 148, 78-85.
  • Han, S., Tang, N., Jiang, H.X., Yang, L.T., Li, Y. and Chen, L.S. (2009). CO2 assimila- tion, photosystem II photochemistry, car- bohydrate metabolism and antioxidant system of citrus leaves in response to bo- ron stress. Plant Science, 176, 143-153.
  • Hightower, K.R., McCready, J.P. and Borch- man, D. (1994). Membrane damage in UV-irradiated lenses. Photochemistry and Photobiology 4, 485-490.
  • Hollosy, F. (2002). Effects of ultraviolet radia- tion on plant cells. Micron 33, 179-197.
  • Kautsky, H. and Hirsch, A. (1931). Neue Ver- suche Naturwissenschaften 19, 96.
  • Krause, G.H. and Weis, E. (1991). Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: The ba- sics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 313- 349.
  • Mackerness, S.A.H. (2000). Plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280–320 nm) stress: What are the key regulators? Plant Growth Regulation 32, 27-39.
  • Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chloro- phyll fluorescence - a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany 51(345), 659-668.
  • Mishra, V., Srivastava, G., Prasad, S.M. and Abraham, G. (2008). Growth, photosyn- thetic pigments and photosynthetic activ- ity during seedling stage of cowpea (Vi- gna unguiculata) in response to UV-B and dimethoate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 92, 30-37.
  • Mohammed, G.H., Binder, W.D. and Gillies, S.L. (1995). Chlorophyll fluorescence: A review of its practical forestry applica- tions and instrumentation. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 10, 383-410.
  • Osmond, C.B., Ramus, J., Levavasseur, G., Franklin, L.A. and Henley, W.J. (1993). Fluorescence quenching during photosyn- thesis and photoinhibition of Ulva rotun- data Blid. Planta 190, 97-106.
  • Oukarroum, A., Schansker, G. and Strasser, R.J. (2009). Drought stress effects on photo- system I content and photosystem II thermotolerance analyzed using Chl a fluorescence kinetics in barley varieties differing in their drought tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum 137, 188-199.
  • Qaderi, M.M. and Reid, D.M. (2005). Growth and physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus) to UV-B and CO2 under controlled environment conditions. Physi- ologia Plantarum 125, 247-259.
  • Reigosa, M.J. and Weiss, O. (2001). Fluores- cence techniques. In: Reigosa MJ (Ed) Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Tech- niques. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 155-171.
  • Ros, J. and Tevini, M. (1995). Interaction of UV-radiation and IAA during growth of seedlings and hypokotyl segments of sun- flower. Journal of Plant Physiology 146, 295-302.
  • Saile-Mark, M. and Tevini, M. (1997). Effects of solar UV-B radiation on growth, flow- ering and yield of central and southern European bush bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Ecology 128, 115-125.
  • Schansker, G., Toth, S.Z. and Strasser, R.J. (2006). Dark recovery of the Chl a fluo- rescence transient (OJIP) after light adap- tation: The qT-component of non- photochemical quenching is related to an activated photosystem I acceptor side. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1757, 787- 797.
  • Schreiber, U. and Neubauer, C. (1987). The polyphasic rise of chlorophyll fluores- cence upon onset of strong continuous il- lumination: II. Partial control by the Pho- tosystem II donor side and possible ways of interpretation. Zeitschrift für Naturfor- schung 42c, 1255-1264.
  • Strasser, R.J. (1978). The grouping model of plant photosynthesis. In: Akoyunoglou G (Ed) Chloroplast development. Elsevier, North Holland 513-524.
  • Strasser, R.J. (1981). The grouping model of plant photosynthesis: heterogeneity of photosynthetic units in thylakoids. In: Akoyunoglou G (Ed) Photosynthesis III. Structure and molecular organisation of the photosynthetic apparatus. Balaban In- ternational Science Services, Philadelphia 727-737.
  • Strasser, B.J. and Strasser, R.J. (1995). Measur- ing fast fluorescence transients to address environmental questions: The JIP test. In: Mathis P (Ed) Photosynthesis: from light to Dordrecht 977-980. Academic,
  • Strasser, R.J., Srivastava, A. and Govindjee, (1995). Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluores- cence transient in plants and cyanobacte- ria. Photochemistry and Photobiology 61, 32-42.
  • Strasser, R.J., Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Greppin, H. (1997). How excitation en- ergy distribution indicates the complexity of a developing and to the environment adapting photosynthetic apparatus. In: Greppin H, Penel C, Simon P (Eds) Trav- elling Shot on Plant Development. Ro- chat-Baumann, Imprimerie Nationale, Genève 99-129.
  • Strasser, R.J., Srivastava, A. and Tsimilli- Michael, M. (2000). The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In: Yunus M, Pathre U, Mohanty P (Eds) Probing photosynthesis: Mechanism, regulation and adaptation. Taylor and Francis, Lon- don 443-480.
  • Strasser, R.J., Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Srivastava, A. (2004). Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. In: Papageorgiou G, Govindjee (Eds) Chlo- rophyll a Fluorescence - a signature of photosynthesis. Advances in photosynthe- sis and respiration. Springer, The Nether- lands 19, 321-362.
  • Strid, A., Chow, W.S. and Anderson, J.M. (1994). UV-B damage and protection at the molecular level in plants. Photosyn- thesis Research 39, 475-489.
  • Surabhi, G., Reddy, K.R. and Singh, S.K. (2009). Photosynthesis, fluorescence, shoot biomass and seed weight responses of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.) cultivars with contrasting sen- sitivity to UV-B radiation. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66, 160-171.
  • Teramura, A.H. and Sullivan, J.H. (1994). Effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants. Photosynthe- sis Research 39, 463-473.
  • Tevini, M. (1994). UV-B effects on terrestrial plants and aquatic organisms. Progress in Botany 55, 174-190.
  • Tevini, M. (2004). Plant responses to ultraviolet radiation stress. In: Papageorgiou G, Go- vindjee (Eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence - a signature of photosynthesis. Advances in Springer, The Netherlands 19, 605-621. and respiration.
  • Tevini, M., Braun, J. and Fieser, G. (1991). The protective function of epidermal layer of rice seedlings against ultraviolet-B radia- tion. Photochemistry and Photobiology 53, 329-333.
  • Toth, S.Z., Schansker, G., Kissimon, J., Kovacs, L., Garab, G. and Strasser, R.J. (2005). Biophysical studies of photosystem II- related recovery processes after a heat pulse in barley seedlings (Hordeum vul- gare L.). Journal Plant Physiology 162, 181-194.
  • Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Strasser, R.J. (2008). In vivo assessment of stress impact on plants’ vitality: applications in detecting and evaluating the beneficial role of my- corrhization on host plants. In: Varma A (Ed) Mycorrhiza: State of the Art, Genet- ics and Molecular Biology: Eco-function, Biotechnology, Eco-physiology, Structure and Systematics. Springer, Berlin 679- 703.
  • Wang, G., Hao, Z., Anken, R.H., Lu, J. and Liu, Y. (2010). Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis activity of Wolffia arrhiza as probed by chlorophyll fluorescence transients. Advances in Space Research 45, 839-845.
  • Wilson, M.I and Greenberg, B.M. (1993). Pro- tection of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein from degradation in ultra- violet radiation following adaptation of Brassica napus L. to growth in ultravio- let-B. Photochemistry and Photobiology 57, 556-5563.

ARPA BİTKİSINDE ULTRAVIYOLE-B STRESİNİN FOTOSİSTEM II ETKİNLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 9 - 19, 21.03.2012

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı sürelerde [0 (kontrol), 1, 3 ve 5 saat] UV-B ışımasının arpa (Hordeum vulgare L., Bülbül 89) yapraklarının fotosistem II (PSII) etkinliği üzerine etkisini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. UV-B stresinin, PSII etkinliği üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek için klorofil a fluoresansındaki polifazik artış (OJIP) kullanılmıştır. UV-B stresi, arpa bitkisinin JIP-Testine göre hesaplanan fonksiyonel parametrelerini ve yapısal parametrelerini önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. Farklı sürelerdeki UV-B’nin polifazik klorofil a fluoresansı üzerine etkisi, PSII’nin donör ve akseptör kısmının kısmi öneminin değerlendirilmesi perspektifinden tartışılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N. and Ro-Poulsen, H. (2005). Effects of ambient versus re- duced UV-B radiation on high arctic Salix arctica assesed by measurements and cal- culations of chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters from fluorescence transients. Physiologia Plantarum 124, 208-226.
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N. and Ro-Poulsen, H. (2008). Ambient UV-B radiation de- creases photosynthesis in high arctic Vac- cinium uliginosum. Physiologia Planta- rum 133, 199-210.
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Arndal, M.F. and Michelsen, A. (2010a). Ambient UV-B radiation reduces PSII performance and net photosynthesis in high Arctic Salix arctica. Environmental and Experimental Botany, (in press), doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.07.001
  • Albert, K.R., Mikkelsen, T.N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Michelsen, A., Arndal, M.F., Bredahl, L., Hakansson, K.B., Boesgaard, K. and Schmidt, N.M. (2010b). Improved UV-B screening capacity does not prevent nega- tive effects of ambient UV irradiance on PSII performance in High Arctic plants. Results from a six year UV exclusion study. Journal of Plant Physiology 167, 1542-1549.
  • Allen, D.J., Nogues, S. and Baker, N.R. (1998). Ozone depletion and increased UV-B ra- diation: is there a real threat to photosyn- thesis? Journal of Experimental Botany 49, 1775-1788.
  • Bieza, K. and Lois, R. (2001). An Arabidopsis mutant tolerant to lethal ultraviolet-B levels shows constitutively elevated ac- cumulation of flavonoids and other phe- nolics. Plant Physiology 126, 1105-1115.
  • Cao, J. Govindjee (1990). Chlorophyll a fluo- rescence transient as an indicator of active and inactive photosystem II in thylakoid membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Ac- ta 1015, 180-188.
  • Correia, C.M., Areal, E.L.V., Torres-Pereira, M.S. and Torres-Pereira, J.M.G. (1999). Intraspesific variation in sensitivity to ultraviolet-B radiation in maize grown under field conditions. II. Physiological and biochemical aspects. Field Crops Re- searh 62, 97-105.
  • Çakırlar, H., Çiçek, N., Fedina, I., Georgieva, K., Doğru, A. and Velitchkova, M. (2008). NaCl induced cross-acclimation to UV-B radiation in four barley (Hor- deum vulgare L.) cultivars. Acta Physi- ologiae Plantarum 30, 561-567.
  • Çiçek, N. and Çakırlar, H. (2006). Fotosentezi ölçme yöntemleri: Klorofil fluoresansı. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 7(3), 295-302.
  • Demmig, B. and Björkman, O. (1987). Com- parison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77K) and pho- ton yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher plants. Planta 171, 171-184.
  • Epitalawage, N., Eggenberg, P. and Strasser, R.J. (2003). Use of fast chlorophyll a flu- orescence technique in detecting drought and salinity tolerant chickpea (Cicer ari- etinum L.) varieties. Archives des Sci- ences Genève 56(2), 79-93.
  • Fedina, I., Grigorova, I. and Georgieva, K. (2003). Response of barley seedlings to UV-B radiation as affected by NaCl. Journal of Plant Physiology 160, 205- 208.
  • Greenberg, B.M., Wilson, M.I., Gerhardt, K.E. and Wilson, K.E. (1996). Morphological and physiological responses of Brassica napus to ultraviolet-B radiation: photo- modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and potential ac- climation processes. Journal of Plant Physiology 148, 78-85.
  • Han, S., Tang, N., Jiang, H.X., Yang, L.T., Li, Y. and Chen, L.S. (2009). CO2 assimila- tion, photosystem II photochemistry, car- bohydrate metabolism and antioxidant system of citrus leaves in response to bo- ron stress. Plant Science, 176, 143-153.
  • Hightower, K.R., McCready, J.P. and Borch- man, D. (1994). Membrane damage in UV-irradiated lenses. Photochemistry and Photobiology 4, 485-490.
  • Hollosy, F. (2002). Effects of ultraviolet radia- tion on plant cells. Micron 33, 179-197.
  • Kautsky, H. and Hirsch, A. (1931). Neue Ver- suche Naturwissenschaften 19, 96.
  • Krause, G.H. and Weis, E. (1991). Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: The ba- sics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 313- 349.
  • Mackerness, S.A.H. (2000). Plant responses to ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280–320 nm) stress: What are the key regulators? Plant Growth Regulation 32, 27-39.
  • Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chloro- phyll fluorescence - a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany 51(345), 659-668.
  • Mishra, V., Srivastava, G., Prasad, S.M. and Abraham, G. (2008). Growth, photosyn- thetic pigments and photosynthetic activ- ity during seedling stage of cowpea (Vi- gna unguiculata) in response to UV-B and dimethoate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 92, 30-37.
  • Mohammed, G.H., Binder, W.D. and Gillies, S.L. (1995). Chlorophyll fluorescence: A review of its practical forestry applica- tions and instrumentation. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 10, 383-410.
  • Osmond, C.B., Ramus, J., Levavasseur, G., Franklin, L.A. and Henley, W.J. (1993). Fluorescence quenching during photosyn- thesis and photoinhibition of Ulva rotun- data Blid. Planta 190, 97-106.
  • Oukarroum, A., Schansker, G. and Strasser, R.J. (2009). Drought stress effects on photo- system I content and photosystem II thermotolerance analyzed using Chl a fluorescence kinetics in barley varieties differing in their drought tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum 137, 188-199.
  • Qaderi, M.M. and Reid, D.M. (2005). Growth and physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus) to UV-B and CO2 under controlled environment conditions. Physi- ologia Plantarum 125, 247-259.
  • Reigosa, M.J. and Weiss, O. (2001). Fluores- cence techniques. In: Reigosa MJ (Ed) Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Tech- niques. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 155-171.
  • Ros, J. and Tevini, M. (1995). Interaction of UV-radiation and IAA during growth of seedlings and hypokotyl segments of sun- flower. Journal of Plant Physiology 146, 295-302.
  • Saile-Mark, M. and Tevini, M. (1997). Effects of solar UV-B radiation on growth, flow- ering and yield of central and southern European bush bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Ecology 128, 115-125.
  • Schansker, G., Toth, S.Z. and Strasser, R.J. (2006). Dark recovery of the Chl a fluo- rescence transient (OJIP) after light adap- tation: The qT-component of non- photochemical quenching is related to an activated photosystem I acceptor side. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1757, 787- 797.
  • Schreiber, U. and Neubauer, C. (1987). The polyphasic rise of chlorophyll fluores- cence upon onset of strong continuous il- lumination: II. Partial control by the Pho- tosystem II donor side and possible ways of interpretation. Zeitschrift für Naturfor- schung 42c, 1255-1264.
  • Strasser, R.J. (1978). The grouping model of plant photosynthesis. In: Akoyunoglou G (Ed) Chloroplast development. Elsevier, North Holland 513-524.
  • Strasser, R.J. (1981). The grouping model of plant photosynthesis: heterogeneity of photosynthetic units in thylakoids. In: Akoyunoglou G (Ed) Photosynthesis III. Structure and molecular organisation of the photosynthetic apparatus. Balaban In- ternational Science Services, Philadelphia 727-737.
  • Strasser, B.J. and Strasser, R.J. (1995). Measur- ing fast fluorescence transients to address environmental questions: The JIP test. In: Mathis P (Ed) Photosynthesis: from light to Dordrecht 977-980. Academic,
  • Strasser, R.J., Srivastava, A. and Govindjee, (1995). Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluores- cence transient in plants and cyanobacte- ria. Photochemistry and Photobiology 61, 32-42.
  • Strasser, R.J., Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Greppin, H. (1997). How excitation en- ergy distribution indicates the complexity of a developing and to the environment adapting photosynthetic apparatus. In: Greppin H, Penel C, Simon P (Eds) Trav- elling Shot on Plant Development. Ro- chat-Baumann, Imprimerie Nationale, Genève 99-129.
  • Strasser, R.J., Srivastava, A. and Tsimilli- Michael, M. (2000). The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In: Yunus M, Pathre U, Mohanty P (Eds) Probing photosynthesis: Mechanism, regulation and adaptation. Taylor and Francis, Lon- don 443-480.
  • Strasser, R.J., Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Srivastava, A. (2004). Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. In: Papageorgiou G, Govindjee (Eds) Chlo- rophyll a Fluorescence - a signature of photosynthesis. Advances in photosynthe- sis and respiration. Springer, The Nether- lands 19, 321-362.
  • Strid, A., Chow, W.S. and Anderson, J.M. (1994). UV-B damage and protection at the molecular level in plants. Photosyn- thesis Research 39, 475-489.
  • Surabhi, G., Reddy, K.R. and Singh, S.K. (2009). Photosynthesis, fluorescence, shoot biomass and seed weight responses of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.) cultivars with contrasting sen- sitivity to UV-B radiation. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66, 160-171.
  • Teramura, A.H. and Sullivan, J.H. (1994). Effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants. Photosynthe- sis Research 39, 463-473.
  • Tevini, M. (1994). UV-B effects on terrestrial plants and aquatic organisms. Progress in Botany 55, 174-190.
  • Tevini, M. (2004). Plant responses to ultraviolet radiation stress. In: Papageorgiou G, Go- vindjee (Eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence - a signature of photosynthesis. Advances in Springer, The Netherlands 19, 605-621. and respiration.
  • Tevini, M., Braun, J. and Fieser, G. (1991). The protective function of epidermal layer of rice seedlings against ultraviolet-B radia- tion. Photochemistry and Photobiology 53, 329-333.
  • Toth, S.Z., Schansker, G., Kissimon, J., Kovacs, L., Garab, G. and Strasser, R.J. (2005). Biophysical studies of photosystem II- related recovery processes after a heat pulse in barley seedlings (Hordeum vul- gare L.). Journal Plant Physiology 162, 181-194.
  • Tsimilli-Michael, M. and Strasser, R.J. (2008). In vivo assessment of stress impact on plants’ vitality: applications in detecting and evaluating the beneficial role of my- corrhization on host plants. In: Varma A (Ed) Mycorrhiza: State of the Art, Genet- ics and Molecular Biology: Eco-function, Biotechnology, Eco-physiology, Structure and Systematics. Springer, Berlin 679- 703.
  • Wang, G., Hao, Z., Anken, R.H., Lu, J. and Liu, Y. (2010). Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis activity of Wolffia arrhiza as probed by chlorophyll fluorescence transients. Advances in Space Research 45, 839-845.
  • Wilson, M.I and Greenberg, B.M. (1993). Pro- tection of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein from degradation in ultra- violet radiation following adaptation of Brassica napus L. to growth in ultravio- let-B. Photochemistry and Photobiology 57, 556-5563.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Tr
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nuran Çiçek

Hüsnü Çakırlar Bu kişi benim

Reto Strasser Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çiçek, N., Çakırlar, H., & Strasser, R. (2012). THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 2(1), 9-19.
AMA Çiçek N, Çakırlar H, Strasser R. THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. Mart 2012;2(1):9-19.
Chicago Çiçek, Nuran, Hüsnü Çakırlar, ve Reto Strasser. “THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2, sy. 1 (Mart 2012): 9-19.
EndNote Çiçek N, Çakırlar H, Strasser R (01 Mart 2012) THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2 1 9–19.
IEEE N. Çiçek, H. Çakırlar, ve R. Strasser, “THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT”, Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, c. 2, sy. 1, ss. 9–19, 2012.
ISNAD Çiçek, Nuran vd. “THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2/1 (Mart 2012), 9-19.
JAMA Çiçek N, Çakırlar H, Strasser R. THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2012;2:9–19.
MLA Çiçek, Nuran vd. “THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, c. 2, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 9-19.
Vancouver Çiçek N, Çakırlar H, Strasser R. THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B STRESS ON PHOTOSYSTEM II EFFICIENCY IN BARLEY PLANT. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2012;2(1):9-19.