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TİTANYUM DİOKSİT İLE İLGİLİ GÜNCEL GELİŞMELER

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 84 - 93, 31.12.2019

Öz

Titanyum dioksit dünyada en çok kullanılan renk verici maddedir. Gıda katkı maddesi olarak (E171) gıdalara beyaz renk vermek için kullanılır. Bu derlemede titanyum dioksidin etkilerinin araştırıldığı güncel çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Titanyum dioksit kan dolaşımına geçebilmekte ve bazı dokularda birikebilmekte, glikoz metabolizmasını etkileyebilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda titanyum dioksidin sitotoksik ve genotoksik olabileceğine dair bulgular bulunsa da EFSA’nın son raporunda doğrudan genotoksik veya kanserojen olmadığı rapor edilmiştir. Üreme toksisitesi ile ilgili yeterli çalışmalar bulunmadığı için günlük alım değeri (ADI) belirtilmemiştir. Sağlık riskleri yasaklanmaya yetecek kadar fazla olmadığı için halen gıdalarda kullanılmasına devam edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Al-Hadi AM, Juhaimi F Al, Mahmoud MH, Alshatwi AA. Identification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food products: Induce intracellular oxidative stress mediated by TNF and CYP1A genes in human lung fibroblast cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2015;39(1):176–86. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.021 2. Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel KH, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, et al. Scientific opinion on the proposed amendment of the EU specifications for titanium dioxide (E 171) with respect to the inclusion of additional parameters related to its particle size distribution. EFSA J. 2019;17(7). 3. Grande F, Tucci P. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: a Risk for Human Health? Mini Rev Med Chem [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2019 Sep 28];16(9):762–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26996620 4. Dorier M, Béal D, Marie-Desvergne C, Dubosson M, Barreau F, Houdeau E, et al. Continuous in vitro exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to E171 food additive causes oxidative stress, inducing oxidation of DNA bases but no endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nanotoxicology. 2017;11(6):751–61. 5. Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Oleszczuk P, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Exposure on Human Health—a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;20–31. 6. Ropers M-H, Terrisse H, Mercier-Bonin M, Humbert B. Titanium Dioxide as Food Additive. Appl Titan Dioxide. 2017;(September):1–22. 7. Winkler HC, Notter T, Meyer U, Naegeli H. Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. Vol. 16, Journal of Nanobiotechnology. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2018. 8. Tucci P, Porta G, Agostini M, Dinsdale D, Iavicoli I, Cain K, et al. Metabolic effects of TIO2 nanoparticles, a common component of sunscreens and cosmetics, on human keratinocytes. Cell Death Dis. 2013 Mar;4(3). 9. Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, et al. Evaluation of four new studies on the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide used as a food additive (E 171). EFSA J [Internet]. 2018 Jul [cited 2019 Dec 6];16(7). Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5366 10. Heringa MB, Peters RJB, Bleys RLAW, van der Lee MK, Tromp PC, van Kesteren PCE, et al. Detection of titanium particles in human liver and spleen and possible health implications. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2018 Apr 11;15(1). 11. Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, Hristovski K, Von Goetz N. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Feb 21;46(4):2242–50. 12. Pele LC, Thoree V, Bruggraber SFA, Koller D, Thompson RPH, Lomer MC, et al. Pharmaceutical/food grade titanium dioxide particles are absorbed into the bloodstream of human volunteers. Part Fibre Toxicol [Internet]. 2015;12(1):1–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-015-0101-9 13. Adachi K, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O. Subchronic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to hairless rat skin. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Apr;22(4):278–83. 14. Rodríguez-Escamilla JC, Medina-Reyes EI, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Flores-Flores JO, Ganem-Rondero A, et al. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) by solid or liquid matrix administration induces inflammation, germ cells sloughing in seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier disruption in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Aug 15; 15. Freyre-Fonseca V, Medina-Reyes EI, Téllez-Medina DI, Paniagua-Contreras GL, Monroy-Pérez E, Vaca-Paniagua F, et al. Influence of shape and dispersion media of titanium dioxide nanostructures on microvessel network and ossification. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces [Internet]. 2018;162:193–201. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.049 16. Jovanović B, Jovanović N, Cvetković VJ, Matić S, Stanić S, Whitley EM, et al. The effects of a human food additive, titanium dioxide nanoparticles E171, on Drosophila melanogaster - a 20 generation dietary exposure experiment. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–12. 17. Zdravković TP, Zdravković B, Lunder M, Ferk P. The effect of micro-sized titanium dioxide on WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cell line. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019;19(1):60–6. 18. Jensen DM, Skovsted GF, Lykkesfeldt J, Dreier R, Berg JO, Jeppesen JL, et al. Vasomotor dysfunction in human subcutaneous arteries exposed ex vivo to food-grade titanium dioxide. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;120(June):321–7. 19. Jensen DM, Løhr M, Sheykhzade M, Lykkesfeldt J, Wils RS, Loft S, et al. Telomere length and genotoxicity in the lung of rats following intragastric exposure to food-grade titanium dioxide and vegetable carbon particles. Mutagenesis. 2019;34(2):203–14. 20. Agency F, Health O. EFSA statement on the review of the risks related to the exposure to the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) performed by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES). EFSA J. 2019;17(6). 21. Basu AK. DNA damage, mutagenesis and cancer. Vol. 19, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI AG; 2018. 22. Urrutia-Ortega IM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Freyre-Fonseca V, Flores-Flores JO, González-Robles A, et al. Food-grade titanium dioxide exposure exacerbates tumor formation in colitis associated cancer model. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016;93:20–31. 23. Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, et al. Gene expression profiling in colon of mice exposed to food additive titanium dioxide (E171). Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2018;111:153–65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.011 24. Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, De Kok TM, et al. Transcriptomics analysis reveals new insights in E171-induced molecular alterations in a mouse model of colon cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–16. 25. Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA, Periasamy VS, Al-Warthan AA. Identification of Nanoscale Ingredients in Commercial Food Products and their Induction of Mitochondrially Mediated Cytotoxic Effects on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Food Sci. 2015;80(2):N459–64. 26. Hwang J-S, Yu J, Kim H-M, Oh J-M, Choi S-J. Food Additive Titanium Dioxide and Its Fate in Commercial Foods. Nanomaterials. 2019 Aug 16;9(8):1175. 27. Bettini S, Boutet-Robinet E, Cartier C, Coméra C, Gaultier E, Dupuy J, et al. Food-grade TiO 2 impairs intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, initiates preneoplastic lesions and promotes aberrant crypt development in the rat colon. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017;7(January):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40373 28. Suker DK, Jasim FA. Liver histopathological alteration after repeated intra-tracheal instillation of titanium dioxide in male rats. Gastroenterol Hepatol from bed to bench [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Oct 30];11(2):159–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910858 29. Skocaj M, Filipic M, Petkovic J, Novak S. Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; Is it safe? Vol. 45, Radiology and Oncology. Association of Radiology and Oncology; 2011. p. 227–47. 30. Song B, Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Shao L. A review on potential neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett [Internet]. 2015;10(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-1042-9 31. Ze Y, Zheng L, Zhao X, Gui S, Sang X, Su J, et al. Molecular mechanism of titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative injury in the brain of mice. Chemosphere. 2013 Aug;92(9):1183–9. 32. Ze Y, Hu R, Wang X, Sang X, Ze X, Li B, et al. Neurotoxicity and gene-expressed profile in brain-injured mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res - Part A. 2014;102(2):470–8. 33. Ze Y, Sheng L, Zhao X, Hong J, Ze X, Yu X, et al. TiO2 nanoparticles induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Oct 14];9(3):e92230. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24658543 34. Ze X, Su M, Zhao X, Jiang H, Hong J, Yu X, et al. TiO2nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity may be involved in dysfunction of glutamate metabolism and its receptor expression in mice. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Jun 1;31(6):655–62. 35. Hu R, Zheng L, Zhang T, Gao G, Cui Y, Cheng Z, et al. Molecular mechanism of hippocampal apoptosis of mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater [Internet]. 2011;191(1–3):32–40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.027 36. Chen J, Dong X, Zhao J, Tang G. In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitioneal injection. J Appl Toxicol. 2009;29(4):330–7. 37. Cui Y, Chen X, Zhou Z, Lei Y, Ma M, Cao R, et al. Prenatal exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide enhances depressive-like behaviors in adult rats. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2014;96:99–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.051 38. Mohammadipour A, Fazel A, Haghir H, Motejaded F, Rafatpanah H, Zabihi H, et al. Maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles during pregnancy; impaired memory and decreased hippocampal cell proliferation in rat offspring. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014;37(2):617–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.014 39. Notter T, Aengenheister L, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Naegeli H, Wick P, Meyer U, et al. Prenatal exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles in mice causes behavioral deficits with relevance to autism spectrum disorder and beyond. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8:193. 40. Heidari Z, Mohammadipour A, Haeri P, Ebrahimzadeh-bideskan A. The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on mice midbrain substantia nigra. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2019 Jul 1;22(7):745–51. 41. Gu N, Hu H, Guo Q, Jin S, Wang C, Oh Y, et al. Effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide fi ne-sized particles on plasma glucose in mice. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2015;86:124–31. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.003 42. Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhuo L, Chen S, Tang S, et al. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis after oral administration. J Appl Toxicol. 2018 Jun 1;38(6):810–23. 43. Mao Z, Li Y, Dong T, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li S, et al. Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles During Pregnancy Changed Maternal Gut Microbiota and Increased Blood Glucose of Rat. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2019;14. 44. Heller A, Jarvis K, Coffman SS. Association of Type 2 Diabetes with Submicron Titanium Dioxide Crystals in the Pancreas. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018;31(6):506–9. 45. Pietroiusti A, Magrini A, Campagnolo L. New frontiers in nanotoxicology: Gut microbiota/microbiome-mediated effects of engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol [Internet]. 2016;299:90–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.017 46. Chen Z, Han S, Zhou D, Zhou S, Jia G. Effects of oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on gut microbiota and gut-associated metabolism in vivo. Nanoscale [Internet]. 2019 Nov 18 [cited 2019 Nov 26]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738363 47. Agans RT, Gordon A, Hussain S, Paliy O. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Elicit Lower Direct Inhibitory Effect on Human Gut Microbiota Than Silver Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci. 2019 Aug 14; 48. Mu W, Wang Y, Huang C, Fu Y, Li J, Wang H, et al. Effect of Long-Term Intake of Dietary Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestine Inflammation in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 16;67(33):9382–9. 49. Pinget G, Tan J, Janac B, Kaakoush NO, Angelatos AS, O’Sullivan J, et al. Impact of the food additive titanium dioxide (e171) on gut microbiota-host interaction. Front Nutr. 2019;6(May). 50. Li J, Yang S, Lei R, Gu W, Qin Y, Ma S, et al. Oral administration of rutile and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles shifts mouse gut microbiota structure. Nanoscale. 2018 Apr 28;10(16):7736–45. 51. Taylor AA, Marcus IM, Guysi RL, Walker SL. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Minimal Phenotypic Changes in a Model Colon Gut Microbiota. Environ Eng Sci [Internet]. 2015 Jul [cited 2019 Nov 27];32(7):602–12. Available from: http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ees.2014.0518 52. Dudefoi W, Moniz K, Allen-Vercoe E, Ropers MH, Walker VK. Impact of food grade and nano-TiO 2 particles on a human intestinal community. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;106:242–9.

Current Developments about Titanium Dioxide

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 84 - 93, 31.12.2019

Öz

Titanium dioxide is the most used colorant in the world. It is used as a food additive (E171) to give food white color. In this review, recent studies investigating the effects of titanium dioxide were evaluated. Titanium dioxide can enter the bloodstream and accumulate in some tissues and affect glucose metabolism. Even though studies have shown that titanium dioxide may be cytotoxic and genotoxic, EFSA's latest report states that it is not directly genotoxic or carcinogenic. The acceptable daily intake value (ADI) was not specified, as there are not enough studies on reproductive toxicity. Since health risks are not high enough to be prohibited, they are still used in foods.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Al-Hadi AM, Juhaimi F Al, Mahmoud MH, Alshatwi AA. Identification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food products: Induce intracellular oxidative stress mediated by TNF and CYP1A genes in human lung fibroblast cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2015;39(1):176–86. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.021 2. Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel KH, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, et al. Scientific opinion on the proposed amendment of the EU specifications for titanium dioxide (E 171) with respect to the inclusion of additional parameters related to its particle size distribution. EFSA J. 2019;17(7). 3. Grande F, Tucci P. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: a Risk for Human Health? Mini Rev Med Chem [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2019 Sep 28];16(9):762–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26996620 4. Dorier M, Béal D, Marie-Desvergne C, Dubosson M, Barreau F, Houdeau E, et al. Continuous in vitro exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to E171 food additive causes oxidative stress, inducing oxidation of DNA bases but no endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nanotoxicology. 2017;11(6):751–61. 5. Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Oleszczuk P, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Exposure on Human Health—a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;20–31. 6. Ropers M-H, Terrisse H, Mercier-Bonin M, Humbert B. Titanium Dioxide as Food Additive. Appl Titan Dioxide. 2017;(September):1–22. 7. Winkler HC, Notter T, Meyer U, Naegeli H. Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. Vol. 16, Journal of Nanobiotechnology. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2018. 8. Tucci P, Porta G, Agostini M, Dinsdale D, Iavicoli I, Cain K, et al. Metabolic effects of TIO2 nanoparticles, a common component of sunscreens and cosmetics, on human keratinocytes. Cell Death Dis. 2013 Mar;4(3). 9. Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, et al. Evaluation of four new studies on the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide used as a food additive (E 171). EFSA J [Internet]. 2018 Jul [cited 2019 Dec 6];16(7). Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5366 10. Heringa MB, Peters RJB, Bleys RLAW, van der Lee MK, Tromp PC, van Kesteren PCE, et al. Detection of titanium particles in human liver and spleen and possible health implications. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2018 Apr 11;15(1). 11. Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, Hristovski K, Von Goetz N. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Feb 21;46(4):2242–50. 12. Pele LC, Thoree V, Bruggraber SFA, Koller D, Thompson RPH, Lomer MC, et al. Pharmaceutical/food grade titanium dioxide particles are absorbed into the bloodstream of human volunteers. Part Fibre Toxicol [Internet]. 2015;12(1):1–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-015-0101-9 13. Adachi K, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O. Subchronic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to hairless rat skin. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Apr;22(4):278–83. 14. Rodríguez-Escamilla JC, Medina-Reyes EI, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Flores-Flores JO, Ganem-Rondero A, et al. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) by solid or liquid matrix administration induces inflammation, germ cells sloughing in seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier disruption in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Aug 15; 15. Freyre-Fonseca V, Medina-Reyes EI, Téllez-Medina DI, Paniagua-Contreras GL, Monroy-Pérez E, Vaca-Paniagua F, et al. Influence of shape and dispersion media of titanium dioxide nanostructures on microvessel network and ossification. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces [Internet]. 2018;162:193–201. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.049 16. Jovanović B, Jovanović N, Cvetković VJ, Matić S, Stanić S, Whitley EM, et al. The effects of a human food additive, titanium dioxide nanoparticles E171, on Drosophila melanogaster - a 20 generation dietary exposure experiment. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–12. 17. Zdravković TP, Zdravković B, Lunder M, Ferk P. The effect of micro-sized titanium dioxide on WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cell line. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019;19(1):60–6. 18. Jensen DM, Skovsted GF, Lykkesfeldt J, Dreier R, Berg JO, Jeppesen JL, et al. Vasomotor dysfunction in human subcutaneous arteries exposed ex vivo to food-grade titanium dioxide. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;120(June):321–7. 19. Jensen DM, Løhr M, Sheykhzade M, Lykkesfeldt J, Wils RS, Loft S, et al. Telomere length and genotoxicity in the lung of rats following intragastric exposure to food-grade titanium dioxide and vegetable carbon particles. Mutagenesis. 2019;34(2):203–14. 20. Agency F, Health O. EFSA statement on the review of the risks related to the exposure to the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) performed by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES). EFSA J. 2019;17(6). 21. Basu AK. DNA damage, mutagenesis and cancer. Vol. 19, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI AG; 2018. 22. Urrutia-Ortega IM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Freyre-Fonseca V, Flores-Flores JO, González-Robles A, et al. Food-grade titanium dioxide exposure exacerbates tumor formation in colitis associated cancer model. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016;93:20–31. 23. Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, et al. Gene expression profiling in colon of mice exposed to food additive titanium dioxide (E171). Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2018;111:153–65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.011 24. Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, De Kok TM, et al. Transcriptomics analysis reveals new insights in E171-induced molecular alterations in a mouse model of colon cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–16. 25. Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA, Periasamy VS, Al-Warthan AA. Identification of Nanoscale Ingredients in Commercial Food Products and their Induction of Mitochondrially Mediated Cytotoxic Effects on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Food Sci. 2015;80(2):N459–64. 26. Hwang J-S, Yu J, Kim H-M, Oh J-M, Choi S-J. Food Additive Titanium Dioxide and Its Fate in Commercial Foods. Nanomaterials. 2019 Aug 16;9(8):1175. 27. Bettini S, Boutet-Robinet E, Cartier C, Coméra C, Gaultier E, Dupuy J, et al. Food-grade TiO 2 impairs intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, initiates preneoplastic lesions and promotes aberrant crypt development in the rat colon. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017;7(January):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40373 28. Suker DK, Jasim FA. Liver histopathological alteration after repeated intra-tracheal instillation of titanium dioxide in male rats. Gastroenterol Hepatol from bed to bench [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Oct 30];11(2):159–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910858 29. Skocaj M, Filipic M, Petkovic J, Novak S. Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; Is it safe? Vol. 45, Radiology and Oncology. Association of Radiology and Oncology; 2011. p. 227–47. 30. Song B, Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Shao L. A review on potential neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett [Internet]. 2015;10(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-1042-9 31. Ze Y, Zheng L, Zhao X, Gui S, Sang X, Su J, et al. Molecular mechanism of titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative injury in the brain of mice. Chemosphere. 2013 Aug;92(9):1183–9. 32. Ze Y, Hu R, Wang X, Sang X, Ze X, Li B, et al. Neurotoxicity and gene-expressed profile in brain-injured mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res - Part A. 2014;102(2):470–8. 33. Ze Y, Sheng L, Zhao X, Hong J, Ze X, Yu X, et al. TiO2 nanoparticles induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Oct 14];9(3):e92230. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24658543 34. Ze X, Su M, Zhao X, Jiang H, Hong J, Yu X, et al. TiO2nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity may be involved in dysfunction of glutamate metabolism and its receptor expression in mice. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Jun 1;31(6):655–62. 35. Hu R, Zheng L, Zhang T, Gao G, Cui Y, Cheng Z, et al. Molecular mechanism of hippocampal apoptosis of mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater [Internet]. 2011;191(1–3):32–40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.027 36. Chen J, Dong X, Zhao J, Tang G. In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitioneal injection. J Appl Toxicol. 2009;29(4):330–7. 37. Cui Y, Chen X, Zhou Z, Lei Y, Ma M, Cao R, et al. Prenatal exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide enhances depressive-like behaviors in adult rats. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2014;96:99–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.051 38. Mohammadipour A, Fazel A, Haghir H, Motejaded F, Rafatpanah H, Zabihi H, et al. Maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles during pregnancy; impaired memory and decreased hippocampal cell proliferation in rat offspring. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014;37(2):617–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.014 39. Notter T, Aengenheister L, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Naegeli H, Wick P, Meyer U, et al. Prenatal exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles in mice causes behavioral deficits with relevance to autism spectrum disorder and beyond. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8:193. 40. Heidari Z, Mohammadipour A, Haeri P, Ebrahimzadeh-bideskan A. The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on mice midbrain substantia nigra. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2019 Jul 1;22(7):745–51. 41. Gu N, Hu H, Guo Q, Jin S, Wang C, Oh Y, et al. Effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide fi ne-sized particles on plasma glucose in mice. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2015;86:124–31. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.003 42. Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhuo L, Chen S, Tang S, et al. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis after oral administration. J Appl Toxicol. 2018 Jun 1;38(6):810–23. 43. Mao Z, Li Y, Dong T, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li S, et al. Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles During Pregnancy Changed Maternal Gut Microbiota and Increased Blood Glucose of Rat. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2019;14. 44. Heller A, Jarvis K, Coffman SS. Association of Type 2 Diabetes with Submicron Titanium Dioxide Crystals in the Pancreas. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018;31(6):506–9. 45. Pietroiusti A, Magrini A, Campagnolo L. New frontiers in nanotoxicology: Gut microbiota/microbiome-mediated effects of engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol [Internet]. 2016;299:90–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.017 46. Chen Z, Han S, Zhou D, Zhou S, Jia G. Effects of oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on gut microbiota and gut-associated metabolism in vivo. Nanoscale [Internet]. 2019 Nov 18 [cited 2019 Nov 26]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738363 47. Agans RT, Gordon A, Hussain S, Paliy O. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Elicit Lower Direct Inhibitory Effect on Human Gut Microbiota Than Silver Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci. 2019 Aug 14; 48. Mu W, Wang Y, Huang C, Fu Y, Li J, Wang H, et al. Effect of Long-Term Intake of Dietary Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestine Inflammation in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 16;67(33):9382–9. 49. Pinget G, Tan J, Janac B, Kaakoush NO, Angelatos AS, O’Sullivan J, et al. Impact of the food additive titanium dioxide (e171) on gut microbiota-host interaction. Front Nutr. 2019;6(May). 50. Li J, Yang S, Lei R, Gu W, Qin Y, Ma S, et al. Oral administration of rutile and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles shifts mouse gut microbiota structure. Nanoscale. 2018 Apr 28;10(16):7736–45. 51. Taylor AA, Marcus IM, Guysi RL, Walker SL. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Minimal Phenotypic Changes in a Model Colon Gut Microbiota. Environ Eng Sci [Internet]. 2015 Jul [cited 2019 Nov 27];32(7):602–12. Available from: http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ees.2014.0518 52. Dudefoi W, Moniz K, Allen-Vercoe E, Ropers MH, Walker VK. Impact of food grade and nano-TiO 2 particles on a human intestinal community. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;106:242–9.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatih Gültekin 0000-0003-2888-3215

Kübra İzler 0000-0001-6031-6638

Zahid Çıracı 0000-0002-4799-9400

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gültekin, F., İzler, K., & Çıracı, Z. (2019). Current Developments about Titanium Dioxide. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle, 1(2), 84-93.

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