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Growth, Blood Parameters, Immune Response and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fed Diets Supplemented with Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 47 - 59, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.982032

Öz

In a feeding experiment for 75 days, the effects of fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) extract on growth, haematology, immune response and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. The aqueous methanolic extract of the plant was mixed with feeds at three different levels, 0.1% (FO1), 0.2% (FO2) and 0.3% (FO3), and feed with no plant extract donated as the control. All four groups (mean initial weight: 13.02 ± 0.02 g) were fed with the prepared diets twice daily ad libitum in a triplicate experiment. Blood and liver samples were taken from the fish on 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. Also, overall growth parameters were determined based on body weight data recorded from all fish before and at the end of feeding trial. Results indicated that there were variations in nonspecific immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and oxidative radical production), but supplementation of the plant extract did not affect the immune response of the fish significantly. On the other hand, there was a general increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) evaluated in this study. Furthermore, possibly the most remarkable finding of the study is that the growth performance in the FO3 group was roughly 30% higher than that of the control group. Considering all findings in the present study, we conclude that 0.3% supplementation of fumitory extract would be beneficial for rainbow trout farming with respect to elevated growth and antioxidant status.

Teşekkür

This study was presented as the doctoral thesis of the first author at Kastamonu University, Institute of Science.

Kaynakça

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  • Almabrok, A. A., Amhamed, İ. D., Mohamed, G. A., Bilen, S., & Altief, T. A. S. (2018). Effect of Tilia tomentosa methanolic extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.421047
  • Amer, S. A. (2016). Effect of Spirulina platensis as feed supplement on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant status of mono-sex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 30(1), 1-10.
  • Arslan, G., Sönmez, A. Y., & Yank, T. (2018). Effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation on growth, survival, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant contents and blood parameters in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . Aquaculture Research, 49(6), 2256–2266. doi:10.1111/are.13686
  • Asadi, M., Mirvaghefei, A., Nematollahi, M., Banaee, M., & Ahmadi, K. (2012). Effects of Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) extract on selected immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Veterinary Journal, 2(1), 32-39.
  • Awad, E., & Awad, A. (2017). Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & shellfish immunology, 67, 40-54.
  • Awad, E., Austin, B., & Lyndon, A. (2012). Effect of dietary supplements on digestive enzymes and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of American Science, 8(12), 858-864.
  • Balamurugan, J., Kumar, T. T. A., Prakash, S., Meenakumari, B., Balasundaram, C., & Harikrishnan, R. (2016). Clove extract: a potential source for stress free transport of fish. Aquaculture, 454, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.020
  • Baquero, F., Mart_ınez, J. L., & Cant_on, R. (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 19, 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.006
  • Bilen, S., Bilen, A.M., Önal, U. (2015). The effects of oxygen supplementation on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different stocking densities. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 14(3), 538-545
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M. (2010). Effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Veterinary and Animal Advances, 9(8), 1275-1279. DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1275.1279
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M., & Bilen, A. M. (2011). Immunostimulant effects of Cotinus coggyria on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & shellfish immunology, 30(2), 451-455.
  • Bilen, S., Kenanoglu, O. N., Terzi, E., Ozdemir, R. C., & Sonmez, A. Y. (2019).Effects of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) and common mallow (Malva sylvestris) plant extracts on growth performance and immune response in Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 734251. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734251
  • Bilen, S., Ünal, S., & Güvensoy, H. (2016). Effects of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and nettle (Urtica dioica) methanolic extracts on immune responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 454, 90-94.
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  • Christybapita, D., Divyagnaneswari, M., & Michael, R. D. (2007). Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the nonspecific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(4), 840-852.
  • Defoirdt, T., Boon, N., Sorgeloos, P., Verstraete, W., & Bossier, P. (2007). Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: Luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends in Biotechnology, 25, 472–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.001
  • Defoirdt, T., Sorgeloos, P., & Bossier, P. (2011). Alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial disease in aquaculture. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 14, 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2011.03.004
  • Divyagnaneswari, M., D. Christybapita, and R. D. Michael. (2007). Enhancement of nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus by Solanum trilobatum leaf fractions. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23:249–259.
  • Elbesthi, R.T.A., Özdemir, K.Y., Taştan, Y., Bilen, S., Sönmez, A.Y. Effects of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) extract on blood parameters, immune response, antioxidant enzyme activities, and growth performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00790-z
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  • Hernandez, A. J., Romero, A., Gonzalez-Stegmaier, R., & Dantagnan, P. (2016). The effects of supplemented diets with a phytopharmaceutical preparation from herbal and macroalgal origin on disease resistance in rainbow trout against Piscirickettsia salmonis. Aquaculture, 454, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.016
  • Ji, S. C., Jeong, G. S., Im, G. S., Lee, S. W., Yoo, J. H., & Takii, K. (2007). Dietary medicinal herbs improve growth performance, fatty acid utilization, and stress recovery of Japanese flounder. Fisheries Science, 73, 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01303.x
  • Karga, M., Kenanoğlu, O. N., & Bilen, S. (2020). Investigation of Antibacterial Activity of Two Different Medicinal Plants Extracts Against Fish Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Production, 1(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.29329/agripro.2020.341.2 Keleştemur, G. T., & Özdemir, Y. (2013). Effects of dietary viamin A and E on growth performance and antioxidant status in blood of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792) exposed to flow rate stress. JAPS, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(3), 821-827.
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  • Kirubakaran, C. J. W., Subramani, P. A., & Michael, R. D. (2016). Methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds enhances non-specific immune responses and protects Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Research in Veterinary Science, 105, 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.013
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 47 - 59, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.982032

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abarike, E. D., Jian, J., Tang, J., Cai, J., Yu, H., & Chen, L. (2019). Traditional Chinese Medicine Enhances Growth, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile Tilapia. Journal of aquatic animal health.
  • Alexander, J. B., & Ingram, G. A. (1992). Noncellular nonspecific defence mechanisms of fish. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2, 249-279.
  • Almabrok, A. A., Amhamed, İ. D., Mohamed, G. A., Bilen, S., & Altief, T. A. S. (2018). Effect of Tilia tomentosa methanolic extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response and haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.421047
  • Amer, S. A. (2016). Effect of Spirulina platensis as feed supplement on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant status of mono-sex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 30(1), 1-10.
  • Arslan, G., Sönmez, A. Y., & Yank, T. (2018). Effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation on growth, survival, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant contents and blood parameters in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . Aquaculture Research, 49(6), 2256–2266. doi:10.1111/are.13686
  • Asadi, M., Mirvaghefei, A., Nematollahi, M., Banaee, M., & Ahmadi, K. (2012). Effects of Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) extract on selected immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Veterinary Journal, 2(1), 32-39.
  • Awad, E., & Awad, A. (2017). Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & shellfish immunology, 67, 40-54.
  • Awad, E., Austin, B., & Lyndon, A. (2012). Effect of dietary supplements on digestive enzymes and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of American Science, 8(12), 858-864.
  • Balamurugan, J., Kumar, T. T. A., Prakash, S., Meenakumari, B., Balasundaram, C., & Harikrishnan, R. (2016). Clove extract: a potential source for stress free transport of fish. Aquaculture, 454, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.020
  • Baquero, F., Mart_ınez, J. L., & Cant_on, R. (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 19, 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.006
  • Bilen, S., Bilen, A.M., Önal, U. (2015). The effects of oxygen supplementation on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different stocking densities. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 14(3), 538-545
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M. (2010). Effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Veterinary and Animal Advances, 9(8), 1275-1279. DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1275.1279
  • Bilen, S., Bulut, M., & Bilen, A. M. (2011). Immunostimulant effects of Cotinus coggyria on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & shellfish immunology, 30(2), 451-455.
  • Bilen, S., Kenanoglu, O. N., Terzi, E., Ozdemir, R. C., & Sonmez, A. Y. (2019).Effects of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) and common mallow (Malva sylvestris) plant extracts on growth performance and immune response in Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 734251. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734251
  • Bilen, S., Ünal, S., & Güvensoy, H. (2016). Effects of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and nettle (Urtica dioica) methanolic extracts on immune responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 454, 90-94.
  • Bisset, N.G., & Wichtl, M. (2001). Herbal Drugs and phytopharmaceuticals, 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, pp. 214-6.
  • Blaxhall, P.C., Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine Hematological Methods for use with Fish Blood. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 771–781.
  • Cabello, F. C. (2006). Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental microbiology, 8(7), 1137-1144.
  • Christybapita, D., Divyagnaneswari, M., & Michael, R. D. (2007). Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the nonspecific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(4), 840-852.
  • Defoirdt, T., Boon, N., Sorgeloos, P., Verstraete, W., & Bossier, P. (2007). Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: Luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends in Biotechnology, 25, 472–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.001
  • Defoirdt, T., Sorgeloos, P., & Bossier, P. (2011). Alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial disease in aquaculture. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 14, 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2011.03.004
  • Divyagnaneswari, M., D. Christybapita, and R. D. Michael. (2007). Enhancement of nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus by Solanum trilobatum leaf fractions. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23:249–259.
  • Elbesthi, R.T.A., Özdemir, K.Y., Taştan, Y., Bilen, S., Sönmez, A.Y. Effects of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) extract on blood parameters, immune response, antioxidant enzyme activities, and growth performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00790-z
  • Ellis, A. E. (1990). Lysozyme assays. Tech. Fish Immunol. 101–103. FAO, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. p. 230.
  • Gannam, A. L., & Schrock, R. M. (1999). Immunostimulants in fish diets. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 9(4), 53-89.
  • Gülçin, İ., Beydemir, Ş., Hisar, O., Köksal, E., Reiter, R. J. (2009). Melatonin administration increases antioxidant enzymes activities and reduces lipid peroxidation in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) erythrocytes. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 33(3), 241-245. Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C., Heo, M.S., 2011a. Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aquaculture, 317,1-15.
  • Hernandez, A. J., Romero, A., Gonzalez-Stegmaier, R., & Dantagnan, P. (2016). The effects of supplemented diets with a phytopharmaceutical preparation from herbal and macroalgal origin on disease resistance in rainbow trout against Piscirickettsia salmonis. Aquaculture, 454, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.016
  • Ji, S. C., Jeong, G. S., Im, G. S., Lee, S. W., Yoo, J. H., & Takii, K. (2007). Dietary medicinal herbs improve growth performance, fatty acid utilization, and stress recovery of Japanese flounder. Fisheries Science, 73, 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01303.x
  • Karga, M., Kenanoğlu, O. N., & Bilen, S. (2020). Investigation of Antibacterial Activity of Two Different Medicinal Plants Extracts Against Fish Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Production, 1(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.29329/agripro.2020.341.2 Keleştemur, G. T., & Özdemir, Y. (2013). Effects of dietary viamin A and E on growth performance and antioxidant status in blood of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792) exposed to flow rate stress. JAPS, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(3), 821-827.
  • Kızak, M. K., Çelik, H. T. (2012). The effects of different dosage of kefir with different durations on growth performances and antioxidant system in the blood and liver tissues of Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 1-2.
  • Kirubakaran, C. J. W., Subramani, P. A., & Michael, R. D. (2016). Methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds enhances non-specific immune responses and protects Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Research in Veterinary Science, 105, 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.013
  • Laith, A.A., Mazlan, A.G., Effendy, A.W., Ambak, M.A., Nurhafizah, W.W.I., Alia, A.S., Jabar, A., Najiah, M. (2017). Effect of Excoecaria agallocha on non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae. Res. Vet. Sci. 112, 192–200.
  • Lalumera, G. M., Calamari, D., Galli, P., Castiglioni, S., Crosa, G., & Fanelli,R. (2004). Preliminary investigation on the environmental occurrence and effects of antibiotics used in aquaculture in Italy. Chemosphere, 54(5), 661–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.001
  • Larragoite, E. T., Tacchi, L., LaPatra, S. E., & Salinas, I. (2016). An attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 49, 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.006
  • Lewis, S.M., Bain, B.J., Bates, I. (2006). Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, ed: Lewis SM., Bain BJ., Bates I., Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia.
  • Li, Z. H., Li, P., Randak, T. (2010). Effect of a human pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antioxidant responses in brain of a model teleost in vitro: an efficient approach to biomonitoring. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 30(7), 644-648.
  • Mahdavi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., & Ghorbani, R. (2013). Effect of Aloe vera extract on growth parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) World J. Med. Sci., 9 (2013), pp. 55-60
  • Mohamed, G. A., Amhamed, İ. D., Almabrok, A. A., Barka, A. B. A., Bilen, S., & Elbeshti, R. T. (2018). Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) extract on the growth, haematology, immune response and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(2), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.457721
  • Mitich, L. W. (1997). Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis L.). Weed technology, 11(4), 843-845.
  • Nya, E. J., & Austin, B. (2009). Use of dietary ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, as an immunostimulant to control Aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of fish diseases, 32(11), 971-977.
  • Özkan, O. E., Güney, K., Gür, M., Pattabanoğlu, E. S., Babat, E., & Khalifa, M. M. (2017) Essential oil of oregano and savory: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 51(3): S205–S208.
  • Rao, Y. V., B. K. Das, P. Jyotyrmayee, and R. Chakrabarti. (2006). Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 20:263–273..
  • Rehman, S., Latif, A., Ahmad, S., & Khan, A. U. (2013). Antibacterial Screening of Fumaria officinales Linn. A Drug of choice in Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
  • Sahoo, P. k., Kumari, J., ve Mishra, B. K. (2005). Non- specific immune responses in juveniles of Indian major carp. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 12 (2),151-155.
  • Sajjad, S., Aghajanshakeri, S., Anousheh, D., & Mikaili, P. (2015). Ethno-botanical, Bioactivities and Medicinal Mysteries of Fumaria officinalis (Common Fumitory). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 5(11).
  • Salem, M. O. A., Salem, T. A., Yürüten Özdemir, K., Sönmez, A. Y., Bilen, S., & Güney, K. (2021). Antioxidant enzyme activities and immune responses in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with dandelion (Taraxacum ofcinalis) and lichen (Usnea barbata) extracts. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00962-5
  • Serrano, P. H. (2005). Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture (No.469). Food & Agriculture Org.
  • Sharma, U.R., Prakash, T., Surendra, V., Roopakarki, N., Goli, D. (2012). Hepatoprotective activity of Fumaria officinalis against CCl4- induced liver damage in rats. Pharmacologia, 3:20.
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  • Sönmez, A.Y., Bilen, S., Alak, G., Hisar, O., Yanık, T., & Biswas, G., (2015b). Growth performance and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities In Rainbow Trout 71 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles Fed Diets Supplemented With Sage, Mint and Thyme Oils. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 41:165–175. DOI :10.1007/s10695-014-0014-9.
  • Şahan, A., Duman, S., Çolak, S. Ö., Çınar, E., Bilgin, R. (2017). Determination of some hematological and non-specific immune defences, oxidative stress and histopathological status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed rosehip 70 (Rosa canina) to Yersinia ruckeri. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17,91-100.
  • Şengül, M., Yıldız, H., Güngör, N., Çetin, B., Eser, Z., Ercişli, S. (2009). Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22(1):102-6.
  • Taştan, Y. & Salem, M.O.A. (2021). Use of Phytochemicals as Feed Supplements in Aquaculture: A Review on Their Effects on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Status of Finfish. Journal of Agricultural Production, 2(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.29329/agripro.2021.344.5
  • Thirunavukkarasu, P., Ramkumar, L., Ramanathan, T. and Silambarasan D. (2010). Anti Oxidant activity of selected coastal medicinal plants. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 2(2), 134-137.
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  • Yılmaz, S., Ergün, S., Türk, N., 2012. Effects of cumin-supplemented diets on growth and disease (Streptococcus iniae) resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Isr. J. Aquacult. Bamidgeh 64.
  • Yin, G., Ardo, L., Thompson, K. D., Adams, A., Jeney, Z., & Jeney, G. (2009). Chinese herbs (Astragalus radix and Ganoderma lucidum) enhance immune response of carp, Cyprinus carpio, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 26(1), 140-145.
  • Zhang, C. X., Huang, F., Li, J., Wang, L., Song, K., & Mai, K. S. (2015). Interactive effects of dietary magnesium and vitamin E on growth performance, body composition, blood parameters and antioxidant status in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fed oxidized oil. Aquaculture Nutrition. 22(3), 708-722.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdelsalam Fılogh 0000-0002-7498-9777

Soner Bilen 0000-0001-9459-8178

Adem Yavuz Sönmez 0000-0002-7043-1987

Mahmut Elp 0000-0001-6811-5048

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Ocak 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 2 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Fılogh, A., Bilen, S., Sönmez, A. Y., Elp, M. (2023). Growth, Blood Parameters, Immune Response and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fed Diets Supplemented with Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.982032

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