Araştırma Makalesi
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Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 84 - 90, 30.12.2016

Öz



This study
aimed at examining heavy metal accumulation in haddock (Merlangius euxmus), bony fish (Sarda
sarda
), mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)
and red mullet (Mullus barbatus)
captured between İnebolu and Cide harbor region.



Fish
samples were collected during 2014 to 2015 covering a whole year. From each
different fish samples, including at least 25-30 for each species were
collected using appropriate crafts and gears, and transferred to the laboratory
on the same day in cold chain. Two gill spines, whole liver and 5 g muscle
tissues taken from each fish species.



Heavy metal
analysis results showed that iron content in the tissue of all species was
higher compared to other metals. The lowest average was 23.23 mg kg-1
in bony fish muscle and the highest level was 48.89 mg kg -1 in red
mullet muscle. The lowest and the highest average values ranged between
189.65-267.45 mg kg-1. Cadmium content was measured as the lowest in
mackerel muscle (0.16 mg kg-1) and the highest in bony fish muscle
(0.28 mg kg-1). Gills and liver contained higher cadmium
accumulation compared to muscle tissue. Although, lead content was between 5.48
mg kg-1 and 7.21 mg kg-1 in muscle tissue, its higher
level in gills and liver was between 8.87-12.26 mg kg -1. While the
lowest nickel content was 2.21 mg kg-1 in the muscle, cupper value
in the muscle ranged between 2.35-4.52 mg kg-1.



In this
context, iron, copper, nickel and zinc levels were found to be within
acceptable limits in regard to Turkish Food Codex, European Union Directives
and World Health Organization, although cadmium and lead contents were higher.

Kaynakça

  • Allen-Gil, S. M., and Martynov, V. G. 1995. Heavy metal burdens in nine species of freshwater and anadromous fish from the Pechora River, northern Russia. Science of the Total Environment, 160, 653-659.
  • Barak, N. E., and Mason, C. F. 1990. Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in five species of freshwater fish from eastern England. Science of the Total Environment, 92, 257-263.
  • Bustamante, P., Bocher, P., Cherel, Y., Miramand, P., and Caurant, F. 2003. Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of benthic and pelagic fish from the Kerguelen Islands. Science of the total environment, 313(1), 25-39.
  • Canlı, M. ve Atlı, G. 2003. The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species.Environmental pollution, 121(1), 129-136.
  • Canlı, M. and Furness, R. W. 1993. Toxicity of heavy metals dissolved in sea water and influences of sex and size on metal accumulation and tissue distribution in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus. Marine environmental research, 36(4), 217-236.
  • Cid, B. P., Boia, C., Pombo, L., and Rebelo, E. 2001. Determination of trace metals in fish species of the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 75(1), 93-100.
  • Cohen, T., Hee, S. S. Q., and Ambrose, R. F. 2001. Trace metals in fish and invertebrates of three California coastal wetlands. Marine Pollution Bulletin,42(3), 224-232.
  • Council, Of Europe 1996. Modern Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. A Common European Framework of Reference. Council of Europe, Strasbourg,1998, 2001.
  • Dave, G. and Xiu, R. 1991. Toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21(1), 126-134.
  • DeConto Cinier, C., Petit-Ramel, M., Faure, R., Garin, D., and Bouvet, Y. 1999. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 122(3), 345-352.
  • Dick, P. T., and Dixon, D. G. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Biology, 26(4), 475-481.
  • Eisler, R. 1988. Lead Hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. Biological Report 85. Laurel, Maryland: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
  • EUD, 2001. Commission Regulation as regards heavy metals, Directive 2001/22/EC, No: 466/2001.
  • WHO/FAO 1987. Principles of the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food Environmental Health Criteria, Geneva, No: 70.
  • Ikuta, S. 1985. Ab initio MO calculations on the stable conformations and their binding energies of the ion-molecule complexes: Ion= H+, Li+, Na+, K+ Be 2+, and molecule= CO and N 2. Chemical physics, 95(2), 235-242.
  • Kalay, M., Ay, Ö., and Canli, M. 1999. Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63(5), 673-681.
  • Kargın, F. 1996. Seasonal changes in levels of heavy metals in tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from Iskenderun Gulf (Turkey).Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 90(3-4), 557-562.
  • Karadede, H. ve Ünlü, E. 2000. Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Chemosphere, 41(9), 1371-1376.
  • Karadede, H., Oymak, S. A., Ünlü, E. 2004. Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Environment International, 30(2), 183-188.
  • Kayhan, F.E., Balkıs, N., Aksu, A., 2006. İstanbul Balık Halinden Alınan Akdeniz Midyelerinde (Mytilus gallaprocincialis) Arsenik Düzeyleri. Ekoloji Dergisi, 15, 61, 1-5.
  • Kwon, Y. T., and Lee, C. W. 2001. Ecological risk assessment of sediment in wastewater discharging area by means of metal speciation. Microchemical Journal, 70(3), 255-264.
  • Linde, A. R., Sanchez-Galan, S., Izquierdo, J. I., Arribas, P., Maranon, E., and García-Vázquez, E. 1998. Brown trout as biomonitor of heavy metal pollution: effect of age on the reliability of the assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 40(1), 120-125.
  • Mansour, S. A., and Sidky, M. M. 2002. Ecotoxicological studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chemistry, 78(1), 15-22.
  • Mertens, D. 2005. AOAC official method 975.03. Metal in Plants and Pet Foods. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Horwitz, W., and GW Latimer,(Eds), 3-4.
  • Nimmo, D. R., Willox, M. J., Lafrancois, T. D., Chapman, P. L., Brinkman, S. F., and Greene, J. C. 1998. Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Environmental management, 22(6), 913-926.
  • Papagiannis, I., Kagalou, I., Leonardos Petridis, D., and Kalfakaou, V. 2004. Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece), Environmental International 30: 357–362.
  • Romeo, M., Siau, Y., Sidoumou, Z., and Gnassia-Barelli, M. 1999. Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast. Science of the Total Environment, 232(3), 169-175.
  • Topçuoğlu, S., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç. ve Güngör, N. 2002. Heavy metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Environment International, 27(7), 521-526.
  • Topçuoğlu, S., Güven, K. C., Balkıs, N. ve Kırbaşoğlu, Ç. 2003. Heavy metal monitoring of marine algae from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1998–2000. Chemosphere, 52(10), 1683-1688.
  • Türkmen, A., Türkmen, M., Tepe, Y., and Akyurt, I. 2005. Heavy metals in three commercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 91(1), 167-172.
  • Tüzen, M. 2003. Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the middle Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food chemistry, 80(1), 119-123.
  • Yılmaz, A. B. 2003. Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Environmental Research, 92(3), 277-281.
  • Wagner, A., and Boman, J. 2003. Biomonitoring of trace elements in muscle and liver tissue of freshwater fish. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 58(12), 2215-2226.

Kastamonu Kıyılarından Yakalanan Bazı Ekonomik Balık Türlerinde Ağır Metal Birikiminin Tespiti

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 84 - 90, 30.12.2016

Öz



Bu çalışma İnebolu ve Cide
Limanları arasında kalan bölgeden yakalanan Mezgit (Merlangius euxmus
), Palamut (Sarda
sarda
), İstavrit (Trachurus trachurus)
ve Barbun (
Mullus barbatus)
balıklarında ağır metal birikiminin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.



Örnekleme; 2014 Eylül ayında
başlayıp Nisan 2015’e kadar devam etmiştir. Her bir türden 25-30 adet arasında
olmak üzere balık örnekleri uygun av araçlarıyla toplanarak laboratuvara
taşınmıştır. Her balıktan iki solungaç dikeni, ciğerin tümü ve 5gr’lık kas
dokusu alınmıştır.



Ağır metal analiz sonuçları;
demir verileri tüm dokularda ve bütün türlerde diğer metallere göre yüksek
olduğu izlenmiştir. En düşük ortalama palamut kasında 23,23 mg kg-1

olarak ölçülürken kastaki en yüksek ortalama 48,89 mg kg
-1 ile
Barbun kasında ölçülmüştür. Karaciğer ve solungaç dokularında ise en düşük ve
en yüksek ortalamalar 189,65-267,45 mg kg
-1 arasında belirlenmiştir.
Kadmiyum en düşük ortalama İstavrit kasında 0,16 mg kg
-1 olarak
belirlenirken en yüksek ortalama Palamut kasında 0,28 mg kg
-1 olarak
ölçülmüştür. Solungaç ve karaciğer dokularında birikim kas dokularına göre daha
fazla tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen kurşun verileri kas dokularında ortalama
5,48 mg kg
-1 ile 7,21 mg kg-1 arasında değişirken
solungaç ve karaciğer dokularında diğer metallere benzer şekilde yüksek olarak
8,87-12,26 mg kg
-1arasında değişmiştir. Çinko verileri avlanan balık
türlerinin kasında 5,45-9,89 mg kg
-1 ortalamaları arasında
değişirken, karaciğerde 12,56-14,45 mg kg
-1, solungaçta ise 9,92-12,45
mg kg
-1 arasında izlenmiştir. Nikel için kaslardaki en düşük
ortalama 2,21 mg kg
-1 olarak belirlenirken, bakır ortalamaları
kaslarda 2,35-4,52 mg kg
-1 arasında izlenmiştir.



Sonuç olarak demir, bakır,
nikel, çinko verileri Türk gıda kodeksi, Avrupa birliği direktifleri ve dünya
sağlık örgütü standartları çerçevesinde kabul edilebilir limitler içerisinde
belirlenirken kadmiyum ve kurşun bu limitlerin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Allen-Gil, S. M., and Martynov, V. G. 1995. Heavy metal burdens in nine species of freshwater and anadromous fish from the Pechora River, northern Russia. Science of the Total Environment, 160, 653-659.
  • Barak, N. E., and Mason, C. F. 1990. Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in five species of freshwater fish from eastern England. Science of the Total Environment, 92, 257-263.
  • Bustamante, P., Bocher, P., Cherel, Y., Miramand, P., and Caurant, F. 2003. Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of benthic and pelagic fish from the Kerguelen Islands. Science of the total environment, 313(1), 25-39.
  • Canlı, M. ve Atlı, G. 2003. The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species.Environmental pollution, 121(1), 129-136.
  • Canlı, M. and Furness, R. W. 1993. Toxicity of heavy metals dissolved in sea water and influences of sex and size on metal accumulation and tissue distribution in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus. Marine environmental research, 36(4), 217-236.
  • Cid, B. P., Boia, C., Pombo, L., and Rebelo, E. 2001. Determination of trace metals in fish species of the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 75(1), 93-100.
  • Cohen, T., Hee, S. S. Q., and Ambrose, R. F. 2001. Trace metals in fish and invertebrates of three California coastal wetlands. Marine Pollution Bulletin,42(3), 224-232.
  • Council, Of Europe 1996. Modern Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. A Common European Framework of Reference. Council of Europe, Strasbourg,1998, 2001.
  • Dave, G. and Xiu, R. 1991. Toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21(1), 126-134.
  • DeConto Cinier, C., Petit-Ramel, M., Faure, R., Garin, D., and Bouvet, Y. 1999. Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 122(3), 345-352.
  • Dick, P. T., and Dixon, D. G. 1985. Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Biology, 26(4), 475-481.
  • Eisler, R. 1988. Lead Hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. Biological Report 85. Laurel, Maryland: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
  • EUD, 2001. Commission Regulation as regards heavy metals, Directive 2001/22/EC, No: 466/2001.
  • WHO/FAO 1987. Principles of the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food Environmental Health Criteria, Geneva, No: 70.
  • Ikuta, S. 1985. Ab initio MO calculations on the stable conformations and their binding energies of the ion-molecule complexes: Ion= H+, Li+, Na+, K+ Be 2+, and molecule= CO and N 2. Chemical physics, 95(2), 235-242.
  • Kalay, M., Ay, Ö., and Canli, M. 1999. Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63(5), 673-681.
  • Kargın, F. 1996. Seasonal changes in levels of heavy metals in tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from Iskenderun Gulf (Turkey).Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 90(3-4), 557-562.
  • Karadede, H. ve Ünlü, E. 2000. Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Chemosphere, 41(9), 1371-1376.
  • Karadede, H., Oymak, S. A., Ünlü, E. 2004. Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Environment International, 30(2), 183-188.
  • Kayhan, F.E., Balkıs, N., Aksu, A., 2006. İstanbul Balık Halinden Alınan Akdeniz Midyelerinde (Mytilus gallaprocincialis) Arsenik Düzeyleri. Ekoloji Dergisi, 15, 61, 1-5.
  • Kwon, Y. T., and Lee, C. W. 2001. Ecological risk assessment of sediment in wastewater discharging area by means of metal speciation. Microchemical Journal, 70(3), 255-264.
  • Linde, A. R., Sanchez-Galan, S., Izquierdo, J. I., Arribas, P., Maranon, E., and García-Vázquez, E. 1998. Brown trout as biomonitor of heavy metal pollution: effect of age on the reliability of the assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 40(1), 120-125.
  • Mansour, S. A., and Sidky, M. M. 2002. Ecotoxicological studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chemistry, 78(1), 15-22.
  • Mertens, D. 2005. AOAC official method 975.03. Metal in Plants and Pet Foods. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Horwitz, W., and GW Latimer,(Eds), 3-4.
  • Nimmo, D. R., Willox, M. J., Lafrancois, T. D., Chapman, P. L., Brinkman, S. F., and Greene, J. C. 1998. Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Environmental management, 22(6), 913-926.
  • Papagiannis, I., Kagalou, I., Leonardos Petridis, D., and Kalfakaou, V. 2004. Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece), Environmental International 30: 357–362.
  • Romeo, M., Siau, Y., Sidoumou, Z., and Gnassia-Barelli, M. 1999. Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast. Science of the Total Environment, 232(3), 169-175.
  • Topçuoğlu, S., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç. ve Güngör, N. 2002. Heavy metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Environment International, 27(7), 521-526.
  • Topçuoğlu, S., Güven, K. C., Balkıs, N. ve Kırbaşoğlu, Ç. 2003. Heavy metal monitoring of marine algae from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1998–2000. Chemosphere, 52(10), 1683-1688.
  • Türkmen, A., Türkmen, M., Tepe, Y., and Akyurt, I. 2005. Heavy metals in three commercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 91(1), 167-172.
  • Tüzen, M. 2003. Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the middle Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food chemistry, 80(1), 119-123.
  • Yılmaz, A. B. 2003. Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Environmental Research, 92(3), 277-281.
  • Wagner, A., and Boman, J. 2003. Biomonitoring of trace elements in muscle and liver tissue of freshwater fish. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 58(12), 2215-2226.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Adem Yavuz Sönmez

Ali Eslem Kadak

Rahmi Can Özdemir

Soner Bilen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2016
Kabul Tarihi 15 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sönmez, A. Y., Kadak, A. E., Özdemir, R. C., Bilen, S. (2016). Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 31(2), 84-90.
AMA Sönmez AY, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC, Bilen S. Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. Aralık 2016;31(2):84-90.
Chicago Sönmez, Adem Yavuz, Ali Eslem Kadak, Rahmi Can Özdemir, ve Soner Bilen. “Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31, sy. 2 (Aralık 2016): 84-90.
EndNote Sönmez AY, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC, Bilen S (01 Aralık 2016) Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31 2 84–90.
IEEE A. Y. Sönmez, A. E. Kadak, R. C. Özdemir, ve S. Bilen, “Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal”, Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, c. 31, sy. 2, ss. 84–90, 2016.
ISNAD Sönmez, Adem Yavuz vd. “Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31/2 (Aralık 2016), 84-90.
JAMA Sönmez AY, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC, Bilen S. Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2016;31:84–90.
MLA Sönmez, Adem Yavuz vd. “Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, c. 31, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 84-90.
Vancouver Sönmez AY, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC, Bilen S. Establishing on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Economically Important Fish Species Captured from Kastamonu Costal. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2016;31(2):84-90.