BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Florfenicol Therapy During Naturally Occuring Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection in Sheep and Goats in Aydin, Turkey

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 278 - 283, 01.01.2014

Kerem Ural Şükrü Kirkan Deniz Alıç Ural Göksel Erbas Mehmet Gültekin Uğur Parın Canberk Balıkçı

Öz

Background/Aim: Caseous Lymphadenitis is a bacterial disease of chronic suppurative lymphadenitis of both goat and sheep resulting within major economic consequences. Given the distribution of the disease throughout the vast majority of the world, it has also been frequently decribed and found in Turkey. Condemnation of skins and carcasses due to abscess formation, severe losses in reproductive efficiency and in wool, meat and milk production all results in economic losses. The eradication is of difficult due to rapid spread of the disease once introduced into a flock. Treatment options with antibiotic application may not be efficicaous, indeed C. pseudotuberculosis is sensitive in vitro to the vast majority of antibiotics that have been tested. The intracellular location of the bacteria and the occurence of biofilm in naturally forming infections diminishes drug efficacy, making most of the antimicrobials inefficient. Anyhow it should not be unwise to suggest that there is clearly a need for an effective antimicrobial therapy. The present randomized field study was carried out to measure the effects of florfenicol treatment regime on Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in a mixed goat and sheep herd located in Aydin, Turkey. Materials and Methods: All cases included were diagnosed cases of C. pseudotuberculosis abscesses located in several lymph nodes. The most prominent site of the abscesses were in the anterior half of the body both in sheep and goats. Two groups of animals were randomly assigned: Group F n=8 goat, 6 sheep, treatment group received florfenicol five daily subcutaneous doses of 40 mg/kg ; Group C n=6 goat, 6 sheep, control group served as positive untreated control. Results and Conclusion: The efficacy of florfenicol was assessed clinically and based on a lesion score derived from the examination of the lesional lymph nodes. Clinical evaluation and lesion scoring were performed by a blinded researcher. Throughout the study florfenicol treatment significantly decrased P˂0.05 the clinical score while no significant changes were detected in the control group.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Identification Sheep Goat Florfenicol.

Kaynakça

  • Batey RG (1986). Pathogenesis of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats. Australian Veterinary Journal, 63, 269 - 272.
  • Bauer AU, Kirby JC and Sherris MT (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Tes- ting by a Standardized Single Disc Method. Journal of Clinical Pat- hology, 45, 493-494.
  • Brown CC and Olander HJ (1987). Caseous lymphadenitis of goats and sheep: a review. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute In Pulawy, 57, 1-12.
  • Carmen CZ, Aura S and Catalina RV (2006). Bacteriological characteri- zation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Venezuelan goat flocks. Small Ruminant Resraech, 65, 1 - 2, 170 - 175.
  • CLSI (2008) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard - Third Edition. CLSI document M31-A3. Wayne, PA: Clini- cal and Laboratory Standards Institute.
  • Connor KM, Quirie MM, Baird G and Donachie W (2000). Characteri- zation of United Kingdom isolates of Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 2633 - 2637.
  • Connor KM, Fontaine, MC, Rudge K, Baird GJ and Donachie W (2007). Molecular genotyping of multinational ovine and caprine Coryne- bacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates using pulsed-field gel elect- rophoresis.Veterinary Research, 37, 201-218.
  • Dorella FA, Pacheco LGC, Oliveira SC, Miyoshi A and Azevedo V (2006). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence. Vete- rinary Research. 37, 201 - 218.
  • Ellis JA, Hawks DA, Holler LD, Mills KW and Pratt DL (1990). Differential antibody responses to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in she- ep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 196, 1609 – 1613.
  • Foley JE, Spier SJ, Mihalyi J, Drazenovich N and Leutenegger CM (2004). Molecular epidemiologic features of Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis isolated from horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 1734 - 1737.
  • Garg DN, Nain SPS and Chandiramani NK (1985). Isolation and chara- cterization of Corynebacterium ovis from sheep and goats. Indian Veterinary Journal, 62, 805 - 808.
  • Hajitos I, Makkai I, Fodor L and Makrai L (2005). Occurrence of ovine caseous lymphadenitis (pseudotuberculosis) in Northern Hungary. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja, 127, 339 - 347.
  • Hard GC (1969). Electron microscopy examination of Corynebacterium ovis. Journal of Bacteriology, 97, 1480 - 1485.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC and Winn WC (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lippin- cott, New York, Fifth Edition, pp: 651-656.
  • Lindsay HJ and Lloyd S (1991). Diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats. Veterinary Record, 128, 86.
  • Literák I, Horváthová A, Jahnová M, Rychlík I and Skalka B (1999). Phe- notype and genotype of the Slovak and Czech Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Research, 32, 107 - 111.
  • Menzies PI and Muckle CA (1989). The use of a microagglutination assay for the detection of antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudo- tuberculosis in naturally infected sheep and goat flocks. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 53, 313 - 318.
  • Muckle CA and Gyles CL (1982). Characterization of strains of Coryne- bacterium pseudotuberculosis. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 46, 206 - 208.
  • Olson ME, Ceri H, Morck DW et al. (2002) Biofilm bacteria: formati- on and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. Can J Vet Res 66: 86–92.
  • Paton MW, Rose IR, Hart RA, Sutherland SS, Mercy AR, Ellis TM and Dhaliwal JA (1994). New infection with Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis reduces wool production. Austuralian Veterinary Journal, 71, 47 - 49.
  • Paton MW, Walker SB and Watt GF (2003). Prevalence of caseous ly- mphadenitis and usage caseous lymphadenitis vaccines in sheep flocks. Austuralian Veterinary Journal, 81, 91 - 95.
  • Paule BJA, Azevedo V, Regis LF, Carminati R, Bahai CR, Vale VLC, Mou- ra-Costa LF, Freire SM, Nascimento I, Schaer R, Goes AM and Meyer R (2003). Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis pri- mary infection in goats: kinetics of IgG and interferon -γ production, IgG avidity and antigen recognition by Western blotting. Veterinary Immunology Immunopathology, 96, 129 - 139.
  • Pepin M, Boisrame A and Marly J (1989). Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis: biochemical properties, production of toxin and virulen- ce of ovine and caprine strains. Annals of Veterinary Research,20, 111 - 115.
  • Piontkowski MD and Shivvers DW (1998). Evaluation of a commercially available vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis for use in sheep, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, 212, 1765 - 1768.
  • Shpigel NY, Elad D, Yeruham I, Winkler M and Saran A (1993). An outb- reak of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in an Israeli dairy herd. Veterinary Record, 133(4), 89-94.
  • Soltys MA (1963). Bacteria and fungi pathogenic for man and animals. London, Bailliere Tindall and Cox, pp. 540.
  • Songer JG (1997). Bacterial phospholipases and their role in virulence. Trends in Microbiology, 5, 156 - 160.
  • Songer JG, Beckenbach K, Marshall MM, Olson GB and Kelley L (1988). Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseu- dotuberculosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 49, 223 - 226.
  • Stanford K, Brogden KA, Mc Clelland LA, Kozub GC and Audibert F (1998). The incidence of caseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and ex- perimental vaccines. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 62, 38 - 43.
  • Ural K, Alic D, Haydardedeoglu AE, Cedden F, Guzel M, Özyıldız Z and Cantekin Z (2008). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Saanen x Kilis crossbred (White) goats in Ankara, Turkey and ef- fective kanamycin treatment: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Small Animal Research, 77, 84 - 88.
  • Washburn KE, Bissett WT, Fajt VR, Libal MC, Fosgate GT and Miga JA (2009). Comparison of three treatment regimens for sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of the American Veteri- nary Medical Association, 234,1162 - 1166.
  • Williamson LH (2001). Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Vete- rinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 17, 359 - 371.

Aydın, Türkiye’de Koyun ve Keçilerde Doğal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Enfeksiyonunda Florfenikol Sağaltımı

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 278 - 283, 01.01.2014

Kerem Ural Şükrü Kirkan Deniz Alıç Ural Göksel Erbas Mehmet Gültekin Uğur Parın Canberk Balıkçı

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Kazeöz lenfedanitis gerek keçi gerekse koyunlarda önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açabilen, kronik suppuratif lenfadenitis ile seyreden bakteriyel bir hastalıktır. Hastalık dünyanın pek çok yerinde yaygın olarak seyretmekle birlikte Türkiye’de de sıklıkla tanımlanmış ve bildirilmiştir. Apse oluşumu deri ve karkas kullanımını sınırlandırmakta, üreme ve döl verimi ile yün, et ve süt üretimindeki azalmalar ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın sürüye girdikten sonra hızla yayılması eradikasyonunu zorlaştırmaktadır. C. pseudotuberculosis in vitro olarak test edilen antibiyotiklerin büyük çoğunluğuna hassas olmasına rağmen antibiyotik uygulaması ile sağaltım etkili olamayabilmektedir. Bakterinin intraselüler yerleşimi ve doğal enfeksiyonlarda biyofilm oluşumu, ilaç etkinliğini azaltarak pekçok antimikrobiyali etkisiz hale getirmektedir. Buna rağmen etkin bir antimikrobiyal sağaltıma ihtiyaç duyulduğunu açıkça ifade etmek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bu randomize saha çalışması Aydın, Türkiye’de bulunan ve C. pseudotuberculosis ile enfekte karışık bir koyun-keçi sürüsünde florfenikol sağaltım protokolünün etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm olguların çeşitli lenf yumrularında C. pseudotuberculosis’e bağlı apseler teşhis edildi. Koyun ve keçilerde apseler belirgin olarak vücudun ön yarısında tespit edildi. Hayvanlar rastgele iki gruba ayrılarak, Grup F n=8 keçi, 6 koyun, sağaltım grubu 40 mg/kg dozda, deri altı yolla, 5 gün süreyle florfenikol uygulanırken, Grup C n= 6 keçi, 6 koyun, kontrol grubu ise herhangi bir sağaltım uygulamadan kontrol grubu olarak ayırıldı.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Florfenikol’ün etkinliği klinik ve lezyonlu lenf yumrumlarının muayenesinden elde edilen skorlama ile değerlendirildi. Klinik değerlendirme ve lezyon skorlaması kör bir araştırmacı tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma süresince florfenikol sağaltımı klinik skoru anlamlı olarak düşürürken P˂0.05 , kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmadı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis tanımlama koyun keçi florfenikol

Kaynakça

  • Batey RG (1986). Pathogenesis of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats. Australian Veterinary Journal, 63, 269 - 272.
  • Bauer AU, Kirby JC and Sherris MT (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Tes- ting by a Standardized Single Disc Method. Journal of Clinical Pat- hology, 45, 493-494.
  • Brown CC and Olander HJ (1987). Caseous lymphadenitis of goats and sheep: a review. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute In Pulawy, 57, 1-12.
  • Carmen CZ, Aura S and Catalina RV (2006). Bacteriological characteri- zation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Venezuelan goat flocks. Small Ruminant Resraech, 65, 1 - 2, 170 - 175.
  • CLSI (2008) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard - Third Edition. CLSI document M31-A3. Wayne, PA: Clini- cal and Laboratory Standards Institute.
  • Connor KM, Quirie MM, Baird G and Donachie W (2000). Characteri- zation of United Kingdom isolates of Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 2633 - 2637.
  • Connor KM, Fontaine, MC, Rudge K, Baird GJ and Donachie W (2007). Molecular genotyping of multinational ovine and caprine Coryne- bacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates using pulsed-field gel elect- rophoresis.Veterinary Research, 37, 201-218.
  • Dorella FA, Pacheco LGC, Oliveira SC, Miyoshi A and Azevedo V (2006). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence. Vete- rinary Research. 37, 201 - 218.
  • Ellis JA, Hawks DA, Holler LD, Mills KW and Pratt DL (1990). Differential antibody responses to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in she- ep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 196, 1609 – 1613.
  • Foley JE, Spier SJ, Mihalyi J, Drazenovich N and Leutenegger CM (2004). Molecular epidemiologic features of Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis isolated from horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 1734 - 1737.
  • Garg DN, Nain SPS and Chandiramani NK (1985). Isolation and chara- cterization of Corynebacterium ovis from sheep and goats. Indian Veterinary Journal, 62, 805 - 808.
  • Hajitos I, Makkai I, Fodor L and Makrai L (2005). Occurrence of ovine caseous lymphadenitis (pseudotuberculosis) in Northern Hungary. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja, 127, 339 - 347.
  • Hard GC (1969). Electron microscopy examination of Corynebacterium ovis. Journal of Bacteriology, 97, 1480 - 1485.
  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC and Winn WC (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lippin- cott, New York, Fifth Edition, pp: 651-656.
  • Lindsay HJ and Lloyd S (1991). Diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats. Veterinary Record, 128, 86.
  • Literák I, Horváthová A, Jahnová M, Rychlík I and Skalka B (1999). Phe- notype and genotype of the Slovak and Czech Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Research, 32, 107 - 111.
  • Menzies PI and Muckle CA (1989). The use of a microagglutination assay for the detection of antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudo- tuberculosis in naturally infected sheep and goat flocks. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 53, 313 - 318.
  • Muckle CA and Gyles CL (1982). Characterization of strains of Coryne- bacterium pseudotuberculosis. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 46, 206 - 208.
  • Olson ME, Ceri H, Morck DW et al. (2002) Biofilm bacteria: formati- on and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. Can J Vet Res 66: 86–92.
  • Paton MW, Rose IR, Hart RA, Sutherland SS, Mercy AR, Ellis TM and Dhaliwal JA (1994). New infection with Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis reduces wool production. Austuralian Veterinary Journal, 71, 47 - 49.
  • Paton MW, Walker SB and Watt GF (2003). Prevalence of caseous ly- mphadenitis and usage caseous lymphadenitis vaccines in sheep flocks. Austuralian Veterinary Journal, 81, 91 - 95.
  • Paule BJA, Azevedo V, Regis LF, Carminati R, Bahai CR, Vale VLC, Mou- ra-Costa LF, Freire SM, Nascimento I, Schaer R, Goes AM and Meyer R (2003). Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis pri- mary infection in goats: kinetics of IgG and interferon -γ production, IgG avidity and antigen recognition by Western blotting. Veterinary Immunology Immunopathology, 96, 129 - 139.
  • Pepin M, Boisrame A and Marly J (1989). Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis: biochemical properties, production of toxin and virulen- ce of ovine and caprine strains. Annals of Veterinary Research,20, 111 - 115.
  • Piontkowski MD and Shivvers DW (1998). Evaluation of a commercially available vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis for use in sheep, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, 212, 1765 - 1768.
  • Shpigel NY, Elad D, Yeruham I, Winkler M and Saran A (1993). An outb- reak of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in an Israeli dairy herd. Veterinary Record, 133(4), 89-94.
  • Soltys MA (1963). Bacteria and fungi pathogenic for man and animals. London, Bailliere Tindall and Cox, pp. 540.
  • Songer JG (1997). Bacterial phospholipases and their role in virulence. Trends in Microbiology, 5, 156 - 160.
  • Songer JG, Beckenbach K, Marshall MM, Olson GB and Kelley L (1988). Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseu- dotuberculosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 49, 223 - 226.
  • Stanford K, Brogden KA, Mc Clelland LA, Kozub GC and Audibert F (1998). The incidence of caseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and ex- perimental vaccines. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 62, 38 - 43.
  • Ural K, Alic D, Haydardedeoglu AE, Cedden F, Guzel M, Özyıldız Z and Cantekin Z (2008). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Saanen x Kilis crossbred (White) goats in Ankara, Turkey and ef- fective kanamycin treatment: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Small Animal Research, 77, 84 - 88.
  • Washburn KE, Bissett WT, Fajt VR, Libal MC, Fosgate GT and Miga JA (2009). Comparison of three treatment regimens for sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of the American Veteri- nary Medical Association, 234,1162 - 1166.
  • Williamson LH (2001). Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Vete- rinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 17, 359 - 371.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Kerem Ural Bu kişi benim

Şükrü Kirkan Bu kişi benim

Deniz Alıç Ural Bu kişi benim

Göksel Erbas Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Gültekin Bu kişi benim

Uğur Parın Bu kişi benim

Canberk Balıkçı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ural, K., Kirkan, Ş., Ural, D. A., Erbas, G., vd. (2014). Florfenicol Therapy During Naturally Occuring Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection in Sheep and Goats in Aydin, Turkey. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 3(1), 278-283.