Araştırma Makalesi
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Açık Deniz Kafes Kültüründe Çipura (Sparus aurata) Yavrularının Performansının Arttırılması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 447 - 456, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.699945

Öz

Dokuz HDPE açık deniz kafesinde (30 m çapında ve 22 m derinliğinde) stoklanan üç farklı kuluçkahaneden temin edilen çipura (Sparus aurata) yavrularının büyüme parametreleri 450 gün boyunca incelenmiştir. Firma A'dan elde edilen balığın 450. günde daha az yem tüketerek daha fazla kilo aldığı belirlenmiştir. Firma A'ya ait balıklar bir kg vücut ağırlığı artışı için ortalama 1.8 kg yem tüketirken, Firma B'ye ait balıklar ortalama 2.29 kg ve Firma C'ye ait balıklar ortalama 2.18 kg tüketmiştir. Ancak, yemden yararlanma oranları arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Ayrıca, en yüksek hayatta kalma oranı % 96.11 ile Firma B'den elde edilen balıklarda tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, balık kültürünün başarısı, yüksek standartta yavru balıkların sağlanmasıyla garanti altına alınmalıdır. Aksi takdirde üretim maliyetleri ve balık kalitesinin olumsuz etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır.

Kaynakça

  • Andrades, J.A., Becerra, J. & Fernández-Lebrez, P. (1996). Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultures gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.), Aquaculture 141, 1–11.
  • Barnham, C. & Baxter, A. (1998). Condition Factor, K, for Salmonid Fish, Fisheries Notes. Department of Environment & Primary Industries Press, Melbourne.
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F., Cataudella, S. (1993). Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In:Barnabe, G., Kestemont, P. Eds., Production, Environment and Quality. EAS Special Publication Press, Belgium.
  • Boglione, C., Gavaia, P., Koumoundouros, G., Gisbert, E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Witten, P. E. (2013a). A review on skeletal anomalies in reared fish larvae & juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes, Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, 99–120.
  • Boglione, C., Gisbert, E., Gavaia, P. Witten, P. E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Koumoundouros, G. (2013b). A review on skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors, Reviews in Aquaculture 5, 121–167.
  • Brett, J.R. & Groves, T. D. D. (1979). Physiological energetics. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J.,Brett, J.R. (Eds.), Fish Physiology. Bioenergetics and Growth (8). Academic Press, New York.
  • Calderer, A. & Cardona, L. (1993). Cr´ıa intensiva de la dorada (Sparus aurata) y la lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax). In: Acuicultura Marina: Fundamentos Biol´ogicos y Tecnol´ogicos de la Producci´on (ed. F.C. Orsay (Coord.). Publicacions Universitat de Barcelona Press, Barcelona.
  • Chatain, B. (1994). Abnormal swimbladder development and lordosis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 119, 371– 379.
  • Çoban, D. (2005). Sparidae Familyasına Ait Balıklarda Yetiştiricilik Koşullarında Gözlenen Kemik Ve Kıkırdak Deformasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir. Daulas, C., Economou, A.N., & Bantavas,I. (1991). Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture. 97, 169-180.
  • De Silva, S. S. & Anderson, S. (1995). Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Springer Press, USA.
  • Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Menu, B., Koumoundouros, G, Kentouri, M., & Cataudella, S. (1996). Abnormalities in finfish mariculture: An overview of the problem, causes and solutions. In Handbook of contributions and short communications presented at the Int. Workshop on 'Seabass and Seabream Culture: Problems and Prospects', European Aquaculture Society Press, Italy.
  • EFSA. (2009). Scientific report of EFSA prepared by Working Group on seabass/seabream welfare on Animal Welfare Aspects of Husbandry Systems for Farmed European seabass and gilthead seabream, Annex I to The EFSA Journal 844, 1-89.
  • FAO. (2018, June 20). Fisheries Statistic. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/statist.asp
  • FAO, (2019, June 29). Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme (Sparus aurata). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/ Sparus_aurata/en
  • García García, B., Rosique Jiménez, C., Aguado-Giménez, F., García García, J. (2016). Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms, Sustainability, 8, 1228.
  • Georgakopoulou, E., Katharios, P., Divanach, P., & Koumoundouros, G. (2010). Effect of temperature on the development of skeletal deformities in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758), Aquaculture, 2010, 308, 13–19.
  • Gould, S. J. (1966,). Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Bio. Rev., 41, 587–640.
  • Hattori, M., Sawada, Y., Takagi, Y., Suzuki, R., Okada, T., & Kumai, H. (2003). Vertebral deformities in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major, Temminck and Schlegel, Aquaculture Research, 34, 1129–1137.
  • Izquierdo, M.S., Fern´andez-Palacios, H. & Tacon, A.G.J. (2001). Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture, 197, 25–42.
  • Jobling, M. (1997). Temperature and growth: modulation of growth rate via temperature change. In: Wood, C.M., McDonald, D.G. (Eds.), Global Warming: Implications for Freshwater and Marine Fish. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Korkut, A. Y., Kop, A., Cihaner, A. & Altan, O. (2006). Homa Lagününden Elde Edilen Çipuraların (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Kıyısal ve Açık Deniz Ağ Kafeslerde Gelişimlerinin Karşılaştırılması, E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23 (1/2), 253-257.
  • Koumoundouros, G., Gagliardi, F., Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Cataudella, S., & Kentouri, M. (1997). Normal and abnormal osteological development of caudal fin in S. aurata L fry. Aquaculture, 149, 215–226.
  • Kaushik, S. J. (1998). Nutritional bioenergetics and estimation of waste production in non-salmonids. Aquatic Living Resources, 11, 211-217.
  • Loy, A., Cataudella, S., & Corti, M. (1996). Shape change of the sea bass, D. labrax , in relation to different rearing conditions; an analysis using Bookstein’s shape co-ordinate and an application of the tinplate spleens regression analysis. In Advances in Morphometrics. N.A.T.O. ASI Series. Plenum Press, New York.
  • Mayer, P., Estruch, V., Blasco, J. & Jover, M. (2008). Predicting the growth of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) farmed in marine cages under real production conditions using temperature- and time-dependent models, Aquaculture Research, 39, 1046-1052.
  • Merinero, S., Mart´ınez, S., & Tom´as, A., (2009, May 15). An´alisis econ´omico de alternativas de producci´on de Dorada en jaulas marinas en el litoral Mediterr´aneo espa˜nol. Retrieved from http://www.revistaaquatic.com/ aquatic/art.asp?t=p&c=188
  • Mylonas, C.C., Fostier, A. & Zanuy, S. (2009). Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 165, 516–534.
  • Öztürk, D. K. (2017). Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Ağ Kafeslerde Çipuranın (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Büyüme Performansı Ve Et Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi, Sinop Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Sinop.
  • Petridis, D. & Rogdakis, L. (1996). The development of growth and feeding equation for seabream, Sparus aurata L., culture. Aquaculture Research, 27, 413-419.
  • Petrakis, G., & Stergiou, K. I. (1995). Weight–length relationships for 33 fish species in Grek waters, Fisheries Research, 21, 465-469.
  • Pechsiri, J. & Yakupitiyage, A. (2005). A Comparative Study of Growth and Feed Utilization Efficiency of Sex-Reversed Diploid and Triploid Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., Aquaculture Research, 36, 45-51.
  • Ricker, W. (1975). Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations, Bull. Fish. Res. Broad. Can., (191), 382.
  • Santinha, P.M., Medale. S.J., Corraze, B. & Gomes, B. (1999). Effects of The Dietary Protein: Lipid Ratio on Growth and Nutrient Utilization in Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata, Aquaculture Nutrition, 5, 147-156.
  • Sert, C. (2008). Ağ Kafeslerde Alternatif Sparidae Türlerinin; Sinagrit (Dentex dentex L.,1758), Sivriburun Karagöz (Diplodus puntazzo Cetti,1777), Kırma Mercan (Pagellus erythrinus L.,1758), Mırmır (Lithognathus mormyrus L.,1758), Çipura’ya (Sparus aurata L.,1758) Göre Gelişim Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması, EÜ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Sola L., Moretti A., Crosetti D., Karaiskou N., Magoulas A., Rossi A.R., Rye M., Triantafyllidis A. & Tsigenopoulos C.S. (2007). Gilthead seabream–Sparus aurata, (eds., Svåsand T., Crosetti D., García-Vázquez E., Verspoor, E.). Genetic impact of aquaculture activities on native populations, Genimpact EU contract. Scientific report.
  • Şahin, T., Akbulut, B., Çiftçi, Y., Aksungur, M., Erteken, A., & Aksungur, N. (1999). Karadeniz’de Çipura (Sparus aurata L., 1758). T.C. T.K. İ.B. Trabzon Su ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Scheiner, S. M. (1993). Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annual Revue Ecological Systematics, 24, 35-68.
  • TUIK. (2018, March 20). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Yılmaz, Y. (2007). Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Çipura (Sparus aurata L.1758)'larda Farklı Stok Yoğunluklarında Büyüme Performansı Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van.
  • Zohar, Y., Abraham, M. & Gordon, H. (1978). The gonad cycle of the captivity-reared hermaphroditic teleost Sparus aurata during the first two years of life. Ann. Biol. Biochem. Biophys., 18, 877-882.

Raising the Performance of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juvenile in Offshore Cage Culture

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 447 - 456, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.699945

Öz

The growth parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fry supplied from three different hatcheries stocked in nine HDPE offshore cages (30 m diameter and 22 m depth) were investigated for 450 days. It was determined that the fish obtained from Firm A on the 450th day gained more weight by consuming less feed. Fishes belonging to Firm A consumed an average of 1.8 kg of feed for one kg body weight gain, while fishes belonging to Firm B consumed an average of 2.29 kg and fishes of Firm C consumed an average of 2.18 kg. However, feed conversion rates were not significant between firms. Also, the highest survival rate was determined in fish from Firm B with 96.11%. As a result, the success of fish culture should be guaranteed by the supply of high standard juvenile fish. Otherwise, production costs and fish quality will be adversely affected.

Kaynakça

  • Andrades, J.A., Becerra, J. & Fernández-Lebrez, P. (1996). Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultures gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.), Aquaculture 141, 1–11.
  • Barnham, C. & Baxter, A. (1998). Condition Factor, K, for Salmonid Fish, Fisheries Notes. Department of Environment & Primary Industries Press, Melbourne.
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F., Cataudella, S. (1993). Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In:Barnabe, G., Kestemont, P. Eds., Production, Environment and Quality. EAS Special Publication Press, Belgium.
  • Boglione, C., Gavaia, P., Koumoundouros, G., Gisbert, E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Witten, P. E. (2013a). A review on skeletal anomalies in reared fish larvae & juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes, Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, 99–120.
  • Boglione, C., Gisbert, E., Gavaia, P. Witten, P. E., Moren, M., Fontagne, S. & Koumoundouros, G. (2013b). A review on skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors, Reviews in Aquaculture 5, 121–167.
  • Brett, J.R. & Groves, T. D. D. (1979). Physiological energetics. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J.,Brett, J.R. (Eds.), Fish Physiology. Bioenergetics and Growth (8). Academic Press, New York.
  • Calderer, A. & Cardona, L. (1993). Cr´ıa intensiva de la dorada (Sparus aurata) y la lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax). In: Acuicultura Marina: Fundamentos Biol´ogicos y Tecnol´ogicos de la Producci´on (ed. F.C. Orsay (Coord.). Publicacions Universitat de Barcelona Press, Barcelona.
  • Chatain, B. (1994). Abnormal swimbladder development and lordosis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 119, 371– 379.
  • Çoban, D. (2005). Sparidae Familyasına Ait Balıklarda Yetiştiricilik Koşullarında Gözlenen Kemik Ve Kıkırdak Deformasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir. Daulas, C., Economou, A.N., & Bantavas,I. (1991). Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture. 97, 169-180.
  • De Silva, S. S. & Anderson, S. (1995). Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Springer Press, USA.
  • Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Menu, B., Koumoundouros, G, Kentouri, M., & Cataudella, S. (1996). Abnormalities in finfish mariculture: An overview of the problem, causes and solutions. In Handbook of contributions and short communications presented at the Int. Workshop on 'Seabass and Seabream Culture: Problems and Prospects', European Aquaculture Society Press, Italy.
  • EFSA. (2009). Scientific report of EFSA prepared by Working Group on seabass/seabream welfare on Animal Welfare Aspects of Husbandry Systems for Farmed European seabass and gilthead seabream, Annex I to The EFSA Journal 844, 1-89.
  • FAO. (2018, June 20). Fisheries Statistic. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/statist.asp
  • FAO, (2019, June 29). Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme (Sparus aurata). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/ Sparus_aurata/en
  • García García, B., Rosique Jiménez, C., Aguado-Giménez, F., García García, J. (2016). Life Cycle Assessment of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Production in Offshore Fish Farms, Sustainability, 8, 1228.
  • Georgakopoulou, E., Katharios, P., Divanach, P., & Koumoundouros, G. (2010). Effect of temperature on the development of skeletal deformities in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758), Aquaculture, 2010, 308, 13–19.
  • Gould, S. J. (1966,). Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Bio. Rev., 41, 587–640.
  • Hattori, M., Sawada, Y., Takagi, Y., Suzuki, R., Okada, T., & Kumai, H. (2003). Vertebral deformities in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major, Temminck and Schlegel, Aquaculture Research, 34, 1129–1137.
  • Izquierdo, M.S., Fern´andez-Palacios, H. & Tacon, A.G.J. (2001). Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture, 197, 25–42.
  • Jobling, M. (1997). Temperature and growth: modulation of growth rate via temperature change. In: Wood, C.M., McDonald, D.G. (Eds.), Global Warming: Implications for Freshwater and Marine Fish. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Korkut, A. Y., Kop, A., Cihaner, A. & Altan, O. (2006). Homa Lagününden Elde Edilen Çipuraların (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Kıyısal ve Açık Deniz Ağ Kafeslerde Gelişimlerinin Karşılaştırılması, E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23 (1/2), 253-257.
  • Koumoundouros, G., Gagliardi, F., Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Cataudella, S., & Kentouri, M. (1997). Normal and abnormal osteological development of caudal fin in S. aurata L fry. Aquaculture, 149, 215–226.
  • Kaushik, S. J. (1998). Nutritional bioenergetics and estimation of waste production in non-salmonids. Aquatic Living Resources, 11, 211-217.
  • Loy, A., Cataudella, S., & Corti, M. (1996). Shape change of the sea bass, D. labrax , in relation to different rearing conditions; an analysis using Bookstein’s shape co-ordinate and an application of the tinplate spleens regression analysis. In Advances in Morphometrics. N.A.T.O. ASI Series. Plenum Press, New York.
  • Mayer, P., Estruch, V., Blasco, J. & Jover, M. (2008). Predicting the growth of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) farmed in marine cages under real production conditions using temperature- and time-dependent models, Aquaculture Research, 39, 1046-1052.
  • Merinero, S., Mart´ınez, S., & Tom´as, A., (2009, May 15). An´alisis econ´omico de alternativas de producci´on de Dorada en jaulas marinas en el litoral Mediterr´aneo espa˜nol. Retrieved from http://www.revistaaquatic.com/ aquatic/art.asp?t=p&c=188
  • Mylonas, C.C., Fostier, A. & Zanuy, S. (2009). Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 165, 516–534.
  • Öztürk, D. K. (2017). Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Ağ Kafeslerde Çipuranın (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Büyüme Performansı Ve Et Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi, Sinop Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Sinop.
  • Petridis, D. & Rogdakis, L. (1996). The development of growth and feeding equation for seabream, Sparus aurata L., culture. Aquaculture Research, 27, 413-419.
  • Petrakis, G., & Stergiou, K. I. (1995). Weight–length relationships for 33 fish species in Grek waters, Fisheries Research, 21, 465-469.
  • Pechsiri, J. & Yakupitiyage, A. (2005). A Comparative Study of Growth and Feed Utilization Efficiency of Sex-Reversed Diploid and Triploid Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., Aquaculture Research, 36, 45-51.
  • Ricker, W. (1975). Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations, Bull. Fish. Res. Broad. Can., (191), 382.
  • Santinha, P.M., Medale. S.J., Corraze, B. & Gomes, B. (1999). Effects of The Dietary Protein: Lipid Ratio on Growth and Nutrient Utilization in Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata, Aquaculture Nutrition, 5, 147-156.
  • Sert, C. (2008). Ağ Kafeslerde Alternatif Sparidae Türlerinin; Sinagrit (Dentex dentex L.,1758), Sivriburun Karagöz (Diplodus puntazzo Cetti,1777), Kırma Mercan (Pagellus erythrinus L.,1758), Mırmır (Lithognathus mormyrus L.,1758), Çipura’ya (Sparus aurata L.,1758) Göre Gelişim Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması, EÜ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Sola L., Moretti A., Crosetti D., Karaiskou N., Magoulas A., Rossi A.R., Rye M., Triantafyllidis A. & Tsigenopoulos C.S. (2007). Gilthead seabream–Sparus aurata, (eds., Svåsand T., Crosetti D., García-Vázquez E., Verspoor, E.). Genetic impact of aquaculture activities on native populations, Genimpact EU contract. Scientific report.
  • Şahin, T., Akbulut, B., Çiftçi, Y., Aksungur, M., Erteken, A., & Aksungur, N. (1999). Karadeniz’de Çipura (Sparus aurata L., 1758). T.C. T.K. İ.B. Trabzon Su ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Scheiner, S. M. (1993). Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annual Revue Ecological Systematics, 24, 35-68.
  • TUIK. (2018, March 20). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Yılmaz, Y. (2007). Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Çipura (Sparus aurata L.1758)'larda Farklı Stok Yoğunluklarında Büyüme Performansı Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van.
  • Zohar, Y., Abraham, M. & Gordon, H. (1978). The gonad cycle of the captivity-reared hermaphroditic teleost Sparus aurata during the first two years of life. Ann. Biol. Biochem. Biophys., 18, 877-882.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Akpınar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5016-0323

Kürşat Fırat 0000-0003-1470-209X

Şahin Saka 0000-0001-7300-4860

Cüneyt Suzer 0000-0003-3535-2236

Müge Hekimoğlu 0000-0003-2876-2640

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Akpınar, A., Fırat, K., Saka, Ş., Suzer, C., vd. (2020). Raising the Performance of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juvenile in Offshore Cage Culture. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 16(4), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.699945