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Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 53 - 64, 15.09.2015

A. Erdem Dönmez Doruk Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774

Abstract

Artan insan aktivitesi, su kaynaklarındaki fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik süreçleri değiştirmektedir. Bu değişim kaynaklarda yaşayan biyotayı da etkilemektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar bu değişimin düzeyini belirlemek için kimyasal incelemelerin yanısıra biyolojik incelemelerin de yapılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Biyolojik incelemeler kimyasal yöntemler ile tespit edilemeyen bazı verilerin elde edilmesi bakımından avantaj sağlamaktadır. Biyoindikatör ve biyobelirteç (biomarker) kavramları bu incelemelerin kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Biyoindikatörler sucul ortmalarda yaşayan bazı spesifik tür veya tür gruplarını içerirken, biyobelirteçler bu canlılara ait bazı biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve histolojik parametreleri içermektedir. Sucul ekosistemlerde meydana gelen değişikliklerin izlenmesi için oluşturulan biyoizleme programlarına biyoindikatör türler ve biyobelirteç parametreler mutlaka dahil edilmektedir. Bu derlemede bu kavramlar ve yararlılıkları tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

Biyoindikatör biyobelirteç sucul ortam kirlilik

References

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  • Adams, S. M. ve Greeley, M. S. 2000. Ecotoxicological Indicators Of Water Quality: Using Multi-Response Indicators To Assess The Health Of Aquatic Ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 123: 103-115. doi: 10.1023/A:1005217622959.
  • Al Ghais, S. M. 2013. Acetylcholinesterase, glutathione and hepatosomatic index as potential biomarkers of sewage pollution and depuration in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 74 (1): 183-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.005.
  • Andersson, C. 2007. Evaluation of Biomarker Responses in Fish with Special Emphasis on Gill EROD Activity. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. Uppsala, Uppsala University.
  • Balk, L., Hylland, K., Hansson, T., Berntssen, M. H. G., Beyer, J., Jonsson, G., Melbye, A., Grung, M., Torstensen, B. E., Borseth, J. F., Skarphedinsdottir, H. ve Klungsoyr, J. 2011. Biomarkers in Natural Fish Populations Indicate Adverse Biological Effects of Offshore Oil Production. Plos One, 6(5): e19735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019735.
  • Balogun, K. J., Ladigbolu, I. A., Ariyo, A.A. 2011. Ecological assessment of a coastal shallow lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria: A bio-indicator Approach. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 15 (1): 41-46.
  • Barros, J., Igrejas, G., Andrade, M., Radhouani, H., Lopez, M., Torres, C. ve Poeta, P. 2011. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) carrying antibiotic resistant enterococci. A potential bioindicator of marine contamination. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1245-1248. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.021.
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  • Bernet, D., Schmidt, H., Meier, W., Burkhardt-Holm, P. ve Wahli, T. 1999. Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22: 25-34. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x.
  • Borucinska, J. D., Czachorowska, A., Klein, N. ve Morka, D. 2014. Pilot Study of Selected Bioindicators of Fish Health in Northern Pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 from Northeastern Poland. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(6): 1941-1947.
  • Brucka-Jastrzebska, E. 2010. The Effect of Aquatic Cadmium and Lead Pollution on Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Freshwater Fish. Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 19 (6): 1139-1150.
  • Burger, J., Gochfeld, M. ve Jewett, S. 2006. Selecting species for marine assessment of Radionuclides around amchitka: planning for diverse goals and interests. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 123: 371-391. doi: 10.1007/~10661-006-9203-2
  • Burger, J., Fossi, C., McClellan Green, P. ve Orlando, E. F. 2007. Methodologies, bioindicators, and biomarkers for assessing gender-related differences in wildlife exposed to environmental chemicals. Environmental Research, 104: 135 - 152. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.002.
  • Chiarelli, R. ve Roccheri, M. C. 2014. Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution. Open Journal of Metal, 4: 93-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmetal.2014.44011.
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  • histopathological features and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to polluted river water. International Aquatic Research, 5(7): 1-18.
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  • Gaber, H. 2013. Fish health as a biomarker for the condition of Lake Nasser. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(11): 5794-5810.
  • Gadzala-Kopciuch, R., Berecka, B., Bartoszewicz, J. ve Buszewskil, B. 2004. Some Considerations About Bioindicators in Environmental Monitoring. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (5): 453-462.
  • Gerhardt, A. 2009. Bioindicator species and their use in biomonitoring. Boris Stepanovich Maslov (Ed), Environmental Monitoring, UNESCO (ed), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Oxford, EOLSS.
  • Hamza-Chaffai, A. 2014. Usefulness of Bioindicators and Biomarkers in Pollution Biomonitoring. International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, 3: 19-26. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.01.4.
  • Havelkova, M., Randak, T., Blahova, J., Slatinska, I. ve Svobodova, Z. 2008. Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contamination. Interdisc Toxicol., 1 (2): 169-181. doi: 10.2478/v10102-010-0034-y
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  • Holt, E. A. ve Miller, S. W. 2011. Bioindicators: Using Organisms to Measure Environmental Impacts. Nature Education Knowledge, 2 (2):8, 1-10.
  • Jenkins, J. A. 2004. Fish Bioindicators of Ecosystem Condition at the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. USGS Open-File Report Book 1323, Virginia, 47 pp.
  • Kanduc, T., Medakovic, D. ve Hamer, B. 2011. Mytilus galloprovincialis as a bioindicator of environmental conditions: the case of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 44 (1):42-61. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2011.548866.
  • Kuniyoshi, L. S. ve Braga, E. S. 2010. Cytogenetic disruption in fishes as bioindicator of the Environmental quality in two estuarine systems under different exposition to anthropogenic influences. Safety, Health and Environment World Congress Book, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 93-96.
  • Lasheen, M. R., Abdel Gawad, F. K., Alaneny, A. A. ve Abd El bary, H. M. H. 2012. Fish as Bio Indicators in Aquatic Environmental Pollution Assessment: A Case Study in Abu-Rawash Area, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal 19 (2): 265-275. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.19.02.6485.
  • Li, L., Zheng, B. ve Liu, L. 2010. Biomonitoring and Bioindicators Used for River Ecosystems: Definitions, Approaches and Trends. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2: 1510-1524. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.164.
  • Liebel, S., Tomotake, M. E. M. ve Oliveira Ribeiro, C. A. 2013. Fish histopathology as biomarker to evaluate water quality. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Contam., 8 (2), 9-15. doi: 10.5132/eec.2013.02.002.
  • Lucey, S. M. 2009. Characteristics of fish yolk proteins and a method for inducing vitellogenin. Masters Theses, Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts.
  • Martinez, P. G. 2009. Mytilus edulis as Bioindicator for Coastal Zone Environmental Assessment A study of Kosterhavets Marine National Park. Mytilus edulis as Bioindicator for Coastal. Master of Science Thesis. Stockholm, Industrial Ecology Royal Institute of Technology.
  • Mabika, M. ve Barson, M. 2013. Histological assessment of gill pathology in two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) from the Sanyati Basin in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2 (2): 1476-1486.
  • Maggioni, T., Hued, A. C., Monferra´n, M. V., Bonansea, R. I., Galanti, L. N. ve Ame, M. V. 2012. Bioindicators and Biomarkers of Environmental Pollution in the Middle-Lower Basin of the Suquia River (Cordoba, Argentina). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63: 337-353. doi: 10.1007/s00244-012-9785-0.
  • Nunez, J. D., Laitano, M. V. ve Cledon, M. 2012. An intertidal limpet species As a bioindicator: Pollution effects reflected by shell characteristics. Ecological Indicators, 14: 178-183. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.015.
  • Osman, A. G. M., Abd El Reheem, A. E. B. M., AbuelFadl, K. Y. ve GadEl Rab, A. G. 2010. Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers as indicators of aquatic pollution in fishes. Natural Science, 2 (11): 1302-1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2010.211158
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  • Sadauskas Henrique, H., Sakuragui, M. M., Paulino, M. G. ve Fernandes, M. N. 2011. Using condition factor and blood variable biomarkers in fish to assess water quality. Environ. Monit. Assess., 181: 29-42. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1810-z.
  • Schettino, T., Caricato, R., Calisi, A., Giordano, M. E. ve Lionetto, M. G. 2012. Biomarker Approach in Marine Monitoring and Assessment: New Insights and Perspectives. Open Environmental Sciences, 6: 20-27. doi: 10.2174/1876325101206010020.
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Bioindicators and Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 53 - 64, 15.09.2015

A. Erdem Dönmez Doruk Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774

Abstract

Increased human activity may cause alterations in water resources by effecting its physico-chemical and biological fate. These possible changes impact biota living in this environment. Results from the field and laboratory studies suggest that chemical analysis used to determine the level of the impact should be supported by the biological parameters. These parameters have advantages since they can be used to obtain data which can not be detected by the chemical methods. The notions “bioindicator” and “biomarker” are the base of these biological observations. Bioindicators can compose of spesific species or groups of species, however, biomarkers can contain biological, physiological and histological parameters. Bioindicator organisms and their biomarkers should be involved together in biomonitoring programmes which observe the changes in aquatic ecosystem. These concepts and their usefulness were discussed in this review.

Keywords

Bioindicator biomarker aquatic environment pollution

References

  • Abdul Wahab, S. A., Al Husaini, I. S. ve Rahmalan, A. 2013. Using Grouper Fish as Bio-indicator of Cd, Cu, Pb and V in the Vicinity of a Single Buoy Mooring (SBM3) at Mina Al Fahal in the Sultanate of Oman. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 91:.684-688. doi: 10.1007/s00128-013-1126-0.
  • Adams, S. M. ve Greeley, M. S. 2000. Ecotoxicological Indicators Of Water Quality: Using Multi-Response Indicators To Assess The Health Of Aquatic Ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 123: 103-115. doi: 10.1023/A:1005217622959.
  • Al Ghais, S. M. 2013. Acetylcholinesterase, glutathione and hepatosomatic index as potential biomarkers of sewage pollution and depuration in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 74 (1): 183-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.005.
  • Andersson, C. 2007. Evaluation of Biomarker Responses in Fish with Special Emphasis on Gill EROD Activity. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. Uppsala, Uppsala University.
  • Balk, L., Hylland, K., Hansson, T., Berntssen, M. H. G., Beyer, J., Jonsson, G., Melbye, A., Grung, M., Torstensen, B. E., Borseth, J. F., Skarphedinsdottir, H. ve Klungsoyr, J. 2011. Biomarkers in Natural Fish Populations Indicate Adverse Biological Effects of Offshore Oil Production. Plos One, 6(5): e19735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019735.
  • Balogun, K. J., Ladigbolu, I. A., Ariyo, A.A. 2011. Ecological assessment of a coastal shallow lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria: A bio-indicator Approach. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 15 (1): 41-46.
  • Barros, J., Igrejas, G., Andrade, M., Radhouani, H., Lopez, M., Torres, C. ve Poeta, P. 2011. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) carrying antibiotic resistant enterococci. A potential bioindicator of marine contamination. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1245-1248. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.021.
  • Bartell, S. M. 2006. Biomarkers, Bioindicators and Ecological Risk Assessment - A Brief Review and Evaluation. Environmental Bioindicators, 1: 60-73. doi: 10.1080/15555270591004920.
  • Bernet, D., Schmidt, H., Meier, W., Burkhardt-Holm, P. ve Wahli, T. 1999. Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22: 25-34. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x.
  • Borucinska, J. D., Czachorowska, A., Klein, N. ve Morka, D. 2014. Pilot Study of Selected Bioindicators of Fish Health in Northern Pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 from Northeastern Poland. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(6): 1941-1947.
  • Brucka-Jastrzebska, E. 2010. The Effect of Aquatic Cadmium and Lead Pollution on Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Freshwater Fish. Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 19 (6): 1139-1150.
  • Burger, J., Gochfeld, M. ve Jewett, S. 2006. Selecting species for marine assessment of Radionuclides around amchitka: planning for diverse goals and interests. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 123: 371-391. doi: 10.1007/~10661-006-9203-2
  • Burger, J., Fossi, C., McClellan Green, P. ve Orlando, E. F. 2007. Methodologies, bioindicators, and biomarkers for assessing gender-related differences in wildlife exposed to environmental chemicals. Environmental Research, 104: 135 - 152. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.002.
  • Chiarelli, R. ve Roccheri, M. C. 2014. Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution. Open Journal of Metal, 4: 93-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmetal.2014.44011.
  • Courtney, J., Klinkmann, T., Courtney, A., Torano, J ve Courtney, M. 2012. Relative Condition Factors of Fish as Bioindicators One Year after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Cornell University Library arXiv: 1208.5095.
  • Farkas, A., Salanki, J. ve Istvan, V. 2003. Crustaceans as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution in Lake Balaton (Hungary). Hydrobiologia, 506-509: 359–364. doi: 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008615.86330.1d.
  • Ferdewsi Rakhi, S., Mohsinul Reza, A. H. M., Hossen, M. S. ve Hossain, Z. 2013. Alterations in
  • histopathological features and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to polluted river water. International Aquatic Research, 5(7): 1-18.
  • Fontanetti, C. S., Christofoletti, C. A., Pinheiro, T. G., Souza T. S. ve Pedro-Escher J. 2010. Microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluations. A. Mendez-Vilas ve J. Diaz (eds), Microscopy: Science, Technology, Applications and Education, Formatex, Spain, 1001-1007.
  • Gaber, H. 2013. Fish health as a biomarker for the condition of Lake Nasser. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(11): 5794-5810.
  • Gadzala-Kopciuch, R., Berecka, B., Bartoszewicz, J. ve Buszewskil, B. 2004. Some Considerations About Bioindicators in Environmental Monitoring. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (5): 453-462.
  • Gerhardt, A. 2009. Bioindicator species and their use in biomonitoring. Boris Stepanovich Maslov (Ed), Environmental Monitoring, UNESCO (ed), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Oxford, EOLSS.
  • Hamza-Chaffai, A. 2014. Usefulness of Bioindicators and Biomarkers in Pollution Biomonitoring. International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, 3: 19-26. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.01.4.
  • Havelkova, M., Randak, T., Blahova, J., Slatinska, I. ve Svobodova, Z. 2008. Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contamination. Interdisc Toxicol., 1 (2): 169-181. doi: 10.2478/v10102-010-0034-y
  • Hesni, M. A, Savari, A., Sohrab, A. D. ve Mortazavi, M. S. 2011. Gill Histopathological Changes in Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Exposed to Acute Toxicity of Diesel Oil. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14 (10): 1487-1492.
  • Holt, E. A. ve Miller, S. W. 2011. Bioindicators: Using Organisms to Measure Environmental Impacts. Nature Education Knowledge, 2 (2):8, 1-10.
  • Jenkins, J. A. 2004. Fish Bioindicators of Ecosystem Condition at the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. USGS Open-File Report Book 1323, Virginia, 47 pp.
  • Kanduc, T., Medakovic, D. ve Hamer, B. 2011. Mytilus galloprovincialis as a bioindicator of environmental conditions: the case of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 44 (1):42-61. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2011.548866.
  • Kuniyoshi, L. S. ve Braga, E. S. 2010. Cytogenetic disruption in fishes as bioindicator of the Environmental quality in two estuarine systems under different exposition to anthropogenic influences. Safety, Health and Environment World Congress Book, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 93-96.
  • Lasheen, M. R., Abdel Gawad, F. K., Alaneny, A. A. ve Abd El bary, H. M. H. 2012. Fish as Bio Indicators in Aquatic Environmental Pollution Assessment: A Case Study in Abu-Rawash Area, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal 19 (2): 265-275. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.19.02.6485.
  • Li, L., Zheng, B. ve Liu, L. 2010. Biomonitoring and Bioindicators Used for River Ecosystems: Definitions, Approaches and Trends. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2: 1510-1524. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.164.
  • Liebel, S., Tomotake, M. E. M. ve Oliveira Ribeiro, C. A. 2013. Fish histopathology as biomarker to evaluate water quality. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Contam., 8 (2), 9-15. doi: 10.5132/eec.2013.02.002.
  • Lucey, S. M. 2009. Characteristics of fish yolk proteins and a method for inducing vitellogenin. Masters Theses, Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts.
  • Martinez, P. G. 2009. Mytilus edulis as Bioindicator for Coastal Zone Environmental Assessment A study of Kosterhavets Marine National Park. Mytilus edulis as Bioindicator for Coastal. Master of Science Thesis. Stockholm, Industrial Ecology Royal Institute of Technology.
  • Mabika, M. ve Barson, M. 2013. Histological assessment of gill pathology in two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) from the Sanyati Basin in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2 (2): 1476-1486.
  • Maggioni, T., Hued, A. C., Monferra´n, M. V., Bonansea, R. I., Galanti, L. N. ve Ame, M. V. 2012. Bioindicators and Biomarkers of Environmental Pollution in the Middle-Lower Basin of the Suquia River (Cordoba, Argentina). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63: 337-353. doi: 10.1007/s00244-012-9785-0.
  • Nunez, J. D., Laitano, M. V. ve Cledon, M. 2012. An intertidal limpet species As a bioindicator: Pollution effects reflected by shell characteristics. Ecological Indicators, 14: 178-183. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.015.
  • Osman, A. G. M., Abd El Reheem, A. E. B. M., AbuelFadl, K. Y. ve GadEl Rab, A. G. 2010. Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers as indicators of aquatic pollution in fishes. Natural Science, 2 (11): 1302-1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2010.211158
  • Polak-Juszczak, L. 2010. Bioaccumulation and Temporal Trends of Trace Elements In Flounder From the Southern Baltic Sea for the 1996–2003 Period. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 73: 1186-1193. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2010.491776.
  • Sadauskas Henrique, H., Sakuragui, M. M., Paulino, M. G. ve Fernandes, M. N. 2011. Using condition factor and blood variable biomarkers in fish to assess water quality. Environ. Monit. Assess., 181: 29-42. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1810-z.
  • Schettino, T., Caricato, R., Calisi, A., Giordano, M. E. ve Lionetto, M. G. 2012. Biomarker Approach in Marine Monitoring and Assessment: New Insights and Perspectives. Open Environmental Sciences, 6: 20-27. doi: 10.2174/1876325101206010020.
  • Sebbio, C., Carere, C., Nascetti, G., Bellisario, B., Mosesso, R., Cimmaruta, R. ve Angeletti, D. 2014. Interspecies variation in DNA damage induced by pollution. Current Zoology, 60 (2): 308-321.
  • Sedeno-Diaz, J. E. ve Lopez-Lopez, E. 2012. Freshwater Fish as Sentinel Organisms: From the Molecular to the Population Level, a Review. H.Türker (ed), New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology, InTech, Rijeka, pp.151-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54825.
  • Sharma, K. K. ve Chowdhary, S. 2011. Macroinvertebrate assemblages as biological indicators of pollution in a Central Himalayan River, Tawi (J&K). International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 3(5): 167-174.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reviwe
Authors

A. Erdem Dönmez

Doruk Yılmaz This is me

Publication Date September 15, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dönmez, A. E., & Yılmaz, D. (2015). Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler. Aquaculture Studies, 15(3), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774
AMA Dönmez AE, Yılmaz D. Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler. AquaST. October 2015;15(3):53-64. doi:10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774
Chicago Dönmez, A. Erdem, and Doruk Yılmaz. “Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör Ve Biyobelirteçler”. Aquaculture Studies 15, no. 3 (October 2015): 53-64. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774.
EndNote Dönmez AE, Yılmaz D (October 1, 2015) Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler. Aquaculture Studies 15 3 53–64.
IEEE A. E. Dönmez and D. Yılmaz, “Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler”, AquaST, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 53–64, 2015, doi: 10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774.
ISNAD Dönmez, A. Erdem - Yılmaz, Doruk. “Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör Ve Biyobelirteçler”. Aquaculture Studies 15/3 (October 2015), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774.
JAMA Dönmez AE, Yılmaz D. Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler. AquaST. 2015;15:53–64.
MLA Dönmez, A. Erdem and Doruk Yılmaz. “Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör Ve Biyobelirteçler”. Aquaculture Studies, vol. 15, no. 3, 2015, pp. 53-64, doi:10.17693/yunusae.v15i21957.235774.
Vancouver Dönmez AE, Yılmaz D. Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler. AquaST. 2015;15(3):53-64.
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