Abstract
During the
processes where acid and cyanide are used in jewelery workshops, waste gases
originates that hazardous in terms of human and environmental health and
material. It is necessary to control these originated gas flows with suitable
methods and equipment in the workshop and convert them to non-hazardous forms.
For this purpose, waste gas washing equipment which can be used by various
producers in jewelery workshops are produced. In this study, waste gas stream
hazardous emissions removal efficiency of a system produced for this purpose
was examined and the measures to be taken for the continuous efficiency were
mentioned. According to results; it has been determined that the nitric acid
emissions and the sulfuric acid emissions originated from the iron / copper
solvation process are reduced by 94.5% and 88.3%, respectively, by means of waste
gas washing system. It has been determined that cyanide emissions are reduced
by 98.7% by washing the waste gases from the bombing process by means of
washing system. According to results,
treated toxic gaseous emission concentrations were below the limit.
values of Turkish Industrial Air Pollution
Control Regulation (TIAPCR) and Netherlands Emission Guidelines for Air (NER).
Keywords
References
- Alp, K., Toröz, İ., Avşar, E., (2007) Permaksan Makina-Hediyelik Eşya Kuyumculuk San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. PRM 001 VE PRM 002 Atıkgaz Yıkama Ekipmanları Verimlilik Test Çalışmaları Raporu, Tarih ve No: 09.04.2007, 950, T.C. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi İnşaat Fakültesi Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul.
- Corti, C.W. (2002) Recovery and Refining of Gold Jewellery Scraps and Wastes, The Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, Alboquerque, 111-129.
- Corti, C.W. and Holliday, R.J. (2004) Commercial Aspects of Gold Applications: From Materials Science to Chemical Science, Gold Bulletin, 37(1–2), 20-26. doi: 10.1080/10643380390814451
- Eaton, D.A., Clesceri, L.S., Rice, E.W. and Greenberg, A.E. (2005). Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21st Ed., American Public Ass., Missouri.
- Giannetti, B.F., Bonilla, S.H., Silva, I.R. and Almeida, C.M.V.B. 2008 Cleaner production practices in a medium size gold-plated jewelry company in Brazil: when little changes make the difference, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 1106-1117. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.06.002
- Hutson, N.D., Krzyzynska, R. and Srivastava, R.K. (2008). Simultaneous Removal of SO2, NOX, and Hg from Coal Flue Gas Using a NaClO2-Enhanced Wet Scrubber, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 5825–5831. doi: 10.1021/ie800339p
- Jafari, M.J., Ghasemi, R., Mehrabi, Y., Yazdanbakhsh, A.R. and Hajibabaei, M. (2012) Influence of liquid and gas flow rates on sulfuric acid mist removal from air by packed bed tower, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences & Engineering, 9:1-7. doi:10.1186/1735-2746-9-20
- Kaspin, S. (2013) Small Scale Gold Refining: Strengths and Weaknesses, International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering & Environment, Bandung, 32-36.
- Klotz, U.E. (2010) Metallurgy and processing of coloured gold intermetallics – Part I: Properties and surface processing, Gold Bulletin, 43, 4-10. doi: 10.1007/BF03214961
- Müezzinoğlu A. (2003) A Review of Environmental Considerations on Gold Mining and Production, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 33(1), 45-71. doi: 10.1080/10643380390814451
- Thammaraksa, C., Wattanawan, A. and Prapaspongsa, T. (2017) Corporate environmental assessment of a large jewelry company: From a life cycle assessment to green industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.220
- Yannopoulos, J.C. (1991) The Extractive Metallurgy of Gold, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
- Yue, C., Sun, H., Liu, W.J., Guan, B., Deng, X., Zhang, X. and Yang, P. (2017) Environmentally Benign, Rapid, and Selective Extraction of Gold from Ores and Waste Electronic Materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56, 9331 –9335. doi: 10.1002/anie.201703412
- Zhang, X.J., Tong, K.K., Chan, P. and Tan, M. (1995) Gold Jewellery Casting: Technology Design and Defects Elimination, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 48, 603-609. doi:10.1016/0924-0136(94)01699-2
- https://www.dtsc.ca.gov/.../Jewelry/.../HWM_FS_Jewelry_P2_Recommendations.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Jewelry Manufacturing Pollution Prevention Recommendations.
- http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad61.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: World Health Organization, Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanides: Human Health Aspects.
- https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp117-c1-b.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statement Sulfur Trioxide and Sulfuric Acid.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230439/, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants.
- http://sgb.csb.gov.tr/mevzuat/dosyalar/r_20130929233746779_7ef68822-c2b0-41fc-b125-916a43b480a2.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Turkish Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation.
- http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/stm_bref_0806.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Europen Comission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics.
- www.infomil.nl/publish/pages/63235/lvoc-annexviii.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Dutch NeR Classification system.
- https://www.babcock.com/-/media/documents/products/pollution-control/so2-acid-gases/e101-3221_so2-and-acid-gas-control.ashx?la=en&hash=C7A3B2F80858E0759EFE65ED21392328F0E0742B, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Air pollution control equipments.
- https://www3.epa.gov/ttnemc01/ctm/ctm-022.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: EPA (1995) Emission Measurement Center, Conditional test method: Determination of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources by electrochemical analyzer, (CTM022).
- https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-1-samplevelocity-traverses, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: EPA (1994) Method 1: Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources, 9/30/94: F1-1.
Abstract
Kuyum
atölyelerinde asit ve siyanür kullanılan işlemler esnasında, insan ve çevre
sağlığı ile malzeme üzerinde zararlı olacak nitelikte atık gazlar ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Oluşan bu atık gaz akımlarının, oluştuğu atölye içinde uygun
yöntem ve ekipmanlarla kontrol edilmesi ve zararsız hale getirilmesi
gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla çeşitli üreticiler tarafından kuyum atölyelerinde
kullanılabilecek atık gaz yıkama ekipmanları üretilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada
bu amaçla üretilmiş bir sistemin atık gaz akımı içerisindeki zararlı
emisyonları giderme verimi incelenmiş ve verimin sürekliliğinin sağlanması için
alınması gereken önlemler belirtilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde;
kullanılan atık gaz yıkama sistemi sayesinde demir/bakır indirme işleminden
kaynaklanan nitrik asit emisyonlarının %94,5, sülfürik asit emisyonlarının ise
%88,3 oranında giderildiği belirlenmiştir. Patlatma işleminden kaynaklanan atık
gazların yıkama sisteminde yıkanması ile siyanür emisyonun ise %98,7 oranında
giderildiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre arıtılmış toksik gaz
emisyonları; Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği ve Hollanda
Hava Emisyon Klavuzu’nda verilen limit değerlerin altında kalmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Alp, K., Toröz, İ., Avşar, E., (2007) Permaksan Makina-Hediyelik Eşya Kuyumculuk San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. PRM 001 VE PRM 002 Atıkgaz Yıkama Ekipmanları Verimlilik Test Çalışmaları Raporu, Tarih ve No: 09.04.2007, 950, T.C. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi İnşaat Fakültesi Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul.
- Corti, C.W. (2002) Recovery and Refining of Gold Jewellery Scraps and Wastes, The Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, Alboquerque, 111-129.
- Corti, C.W. and Holliday, R.J. (2004) Commercial Aspects of Gold Applications: From Materials Science to Chemical Science, Gold Bulletin, 37(1–2), 20-26. doi: 10.1080/10643380390814451
- Eaton, D.A., Clesceri, L.S., Rice, E.W. and Greenberg, A.E. (2005). Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21st Ed., American Public Ass., Missouri.
- Giannetti, B.F., Bonilla, S.H., Silva, I.R. and Almeida, C.M.V.B. 2008 Cleaner production practices in a medium size gold-plated jewelry company in Brazil: when little changes make the difference, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 1106-1117. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.06.002
- Hutson, N.D., Krzyzynska, R. and Srivastava, R.K. (2008). Simultaneous Removal of SO2, NOX, and Hg from Coal Flue Gas Using a NaClO2-Enhanced Wet Scrubber, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 5825–5831. doi: 10.1021/ie800339p
- Jafari, M.J., Ghasemi, R., Mehrabi, Y., Yazdanbakhsh, A.R. and Hajibabaei, M. (2012) Influence of liquid and gas flow rates on sulfuric acid mist removal from air by packed bed tower, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences & Engineering, 9:1-7. doi:10.1186/1735-2746-9-20
- Kaspin, S. (2013) Small Scale Gold Refining: Strengths and Weaknesses, International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering & Environment, Bandung, 32-36.
- Klotz, U.E. (2010) Metallurgy and processing of coloured gold intermetallics – Part I: Properties and surface processing, Gold Bulletin, 43, 4-10. doi: 10.1007/BF03214961
- Müezzinoğlu A. (2003) A Review of Environmental Considerations on Gold Mining and Production, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 33(1), 45-71. doi: 10.1080/10643380390814451
- Thammaraksa, C., Wattanawan, A. and Prapaspongsa, T. (2017) Corporate environmental assessment of a large jewelry company: From a life cycle assessment to green industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.220
- Yannopoulos, J.C. (1991) The Extractive Metallurgy of Gold, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
- Yue, C., Sun, H., Liu, W.J., Guan, B., Deng, X., Zhang, X. and Yang, P. (2017) Environmentally Benign, Rapid, and Selective Extraction of Gold from Ores and Waste Electronic Materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56, 9331 –9335. doi: 10.1002/anie.201703412
- Zhang, X.J., Tong, K.K., Chan, P. and Tan, M. (1995) Gold Jewellery Casting: Technology Design and Defects Elimination, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 48, 603-609. doi:10.1016/0924-0136(94)01699-2
- https://www.dtsc.ca.gov/.../Jewelry/.../HWM_FS_Jewelry_P2_Recommendations.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Jewelry Manufacturing Pollution Prevention Recommendations.
- http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad61.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: World Health Organization, Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanides: Human Health Aspects.
- https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp117-c1-b.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statement Sulfur Trioxide and Sulfuric Acid.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230439/, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants.
- http://sgb.csb.gov.tr/mevzuat/dosyalar/r_20130929233746779_7ef68822-c2b0-41fc-b125-916a43b480a2.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Turkish Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation.
- http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/stm_bref_0806.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Europen Comission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics.
- www.infomil.nl/publish/pages/63235/lvoc-annexviii.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Dutch NeR Classification system.
- https://www.babcock.com/-/media/documents/products/pollution-control/so2-acid-gases/e101-3221_so2-and-acid-gas-control.ashx?la=en&hash=C7A3B2F80858E0759EFE65ED21392328F0E0742B, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: Air pollution control equipments.
- https://www3.epa.gov/ttnemc01/ctm/ctm-022.pdf, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: EPA (1995) Emission Measurement Center, Conditional test method: Determination of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources by electrochemical analyzer, (CTM022).
- https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-1-samplevelocity-traverses, Access Date: 25.09.2017, Subject: EPA (1994) Method 1: Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources, 9/30/94: F1-1.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2018 |
| Submission Date | December 23, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | July 6, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 23 Issue: 2 |
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