Abstract
In this study the delamination factor forming on the
in and out areas of the hole in drilling of sandwich composites fabricated by using
different core materials with honeycomb geometry was analyzed. Cutting speed,
feed rate, and core material type were taken as the controlling factors in the
experiments carried out according to Taguchi method L18 design. The experiments
were carried out on a CNC vertical machining center using TiAlN coated carbide
drill with a diameter of 6,3 mm. Moreover, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with
a 95% confidence level was applied and the optimal parameters for the damages
on the in and out areas were determined. Optical images of the holes were taken
in all test conditions after the drilling of every two specimens, and the
damage types forming on the out area of the hole were analyzed for the optimal
cutting parameters.The most effective parameter on the delamination factor was
the cutting rate with a contribution rate of 46% for the hole entrance zone and
the feed rate with the contribution rate of 32.8% for the exit zone. In
particular, the types of damage that occurred in the hole exit zone were found
delamination, uncut fibers, and cracking.
References
- Arunkumar, M.P. Pitchaimani, J. Gangadharan, K.V. Lenin Babu M.C. (2016) Influence of nature of sandviç on vibro acoustic behavior of sandwich aerospace structures, Aerospace Science and Technology, 56, 155–167.doi:10.1016/j.ast.2016.07.009
- Çelik, A.Lazoglu, I. Kara, A. Kara, F. (2015) Investigation on the performance of SiAlON ceramic drills onaerospace grade CFRP composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 223, 39–47. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.040
- Dharan, C.K.H. Won, M.S. (2000), Machining parameters for an intelligent machining system for composite laminates, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture., 40, 415–426. doi:10.1016/S0890-6955(99)00065-6
- Eshetu, D. Eneyew, Ramulu,M. (2014) Experimental study of surface quality and damage when drilling unidirectional CFRP composites, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 3, 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2014.10.003
- Gaitonde, V.N. Karnik, S.R. Campos Rubio, J. EstevesCorreia, A. Abrao A.M. and Davim, J. P. (2011) A study aimed at minimizing delamination during drilling of CFRP composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 45(22), 2359–2368. doi:10.1177/0021998311401087
- Gaitonde, V.N. Karnik, S.R. Campos Rubio, J. EstevesCorreia, A. Abrão, A.M. Davim, J.P. (2008) Analysis of parametric influence on delamination in highspeed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203, 431–438. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.050
- Grilo, T.J. Paulo, R.M.F. Silva, C.R.M. Davim, J.P. (2013) Experimental delamination analyses of CFRPs using different drill geometries, Composites: Part B, 45, 1344–1350. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.057
- Karpat, Y. Değer, B. Bahtiyar, O. (2012) Drilling thick fabric woven CFRP laminates with double point angle drills, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 2117– 2127. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.05.017
- Khoran, M. Ghabezi, P. Frahani, M. Besharati, M. K. (2015) Investigation of drilling composite sandwich structures, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 76(9), 1927–1936. doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6427-x
- Krishnaraj, V. Prabukarthi, A. Ramanathan, A. Elanghovan, N. Senthil Kumar, M.Zitoune, R., Davim, J.P., (2012) Optimization of machining parameters at high speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates, Compos.: Part B, 43, 1791–1799. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.01.007
- Krishnamoorthy, A., RajendraBoopathy, S., Palanikumar, K., Davim J.P., (2012) Application of grey fuzzy logic for the optimization of drilling parameters for CFRP composites with multiple performance characteristics, Measurement, 45,1286–1296. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2012.01.008
- Marques, A.T.Duraõ, L.M., Magalhaes, A.G. Silva, J.F. Tavares, J.M.R.S. (2009) Delamination analysis of carbon fibre reinforced laminates: evaluation of a special step drill, Composites Science and Technology, 69, 2376–2382. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.025
- MohdAriffin, M. K. A. Mohd Ali, M. I. Sapuan, S. M. Ismail, N. (2009) An optimise drilling process for an aircraft composite structure using design of experiments, Scientific Research and Essay, 4, 1109-1116.
- Sharma, S.C. Krishna, M.Narasimha Murthy, H.N. (2006) Delamination During Drilling in Polyurethane Foam Composite Sandwich Structures, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 15, 306-310. doi:10.1361/105994906X108710
- Vinson, J. R. (2001) Sandwich structures, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 54, 201-215.doi:10.1115/1.3097295
- Xu, J. An, Q. Chen, M. (2014) A comparative evaluation of polycrystalline diamond drills in drilling high-strength T800S/250F CFRP, Composite Structures, 117, 71–82. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.06.034
Abstract
Bu
çalışmada bal peteği geometrisinde farklı çekirdek malzemelerden üretilen
sandviç kompozitlerin delinmesinde delik giriş ve çıkış bölgesinde oluşan
delaminasyon faktörü araştırılmıştır. Taguchi metodu L18 tasarımına
göre yapılan deneylerde kontrol faktörleri olarak kesme hızı, ilerleme miktarı
ve çekirdek malzeme tipi esas alınmıştır. Deneyler CNC dik işleme merkezinde 6,3
mm çapında TiAlN kaplı karbür matkap kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca
%95 güven seviyesinde varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulanmış, giriş ve çıkış
bölgeleri hasarı için optimum parametreler belirlenmiştir. Her iki numunede
delme işlemi sonrasında tüm deney şartlarında deliklerin optik görüntüleri
alınmış ve en yüksek kesme parametreleri için delik çıkış bölgesinde oluşan
hasar tipleri incelenmiştir. Delaminasyon faktörü üzerinde en etkili parametre
delik giriş bölgesi için %46 katkı oranı ile kesme hızı, çıkış bölgesi içinse %32,8 katkı oranı ile
ilerleme miktarı olmuştur. Özellikle delik çıkış bölgesinde oluşan hasar
tipleri delaminasyon, kesilmemiş elyaf ve parçalanma olduğu görülmüştür.
References
- Arunkumar, M.P. Pitchaimani, J. Gangadharan, K.V. Lenin Babu M.C. (2016) Influence of nature of sandviç on vibro acoustic behavior of sandwich aerospace structures, Aerospace Science and Technology, 56, 155–167.doi:10.1016/j.ast.2016.07.009
- Çelik, A.Lazoglu, I. Kara, A. Kara, F. (2015) Investigation on the performance of SiAlON ceramic drills onaerospace grade CFRP composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 223, 39–47. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.040
- Dharan, C.K.H. Won, M.S. (2000), Machining parameters for an intelligent machining system for composite laminates, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture., 40, 415–426. doi:10.1016/S0890-6955(99)00065-6
- Eshetu, D. Eneyew, Ramulu,M. (2014) Experimental study of surface quality and damage when drilling unidirectional CFRP composites, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 3, 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2014.10.003
- Gaitonde, V.N. Karnik, S.R. Campos Rubio, J. EstevesCorreia, A. Abrao A.M. and Davim, J. P. (2011) A study aimed at minimizing delamination during drilling of CFRP composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 45(22), 2359–2368. doi:10.1177/0021998311401087
- Gaitonde, V.N. Karnik, S.R. Campos Rubio, J. EstevesCorreia, A. Abrão, A.M. Davim, J.P. (2008) Analysis of parametric influence on delamination in highspeed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203, 431–438. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.050
- Grilo, T.J. Paulo, R.M.F. Silva, C.R.M. Davim, J.P. (2013) Experimental delamination analyses of CFRPs using different drill geometries, Composites: Part B, 45, 1344–1350. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.057
- Karpat, Y. Değer, B. Bahtiyar, O. (2012) Drilling thick fabric woven CFRP laminates with double point angle drills, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 2117– 2127. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.05.017
- Khoran, M. Ghabezi, P. Frahani, M. Besharati, M. K. (2015) Investigation of drilling composite sandwich structures, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 76(9), 1927–1936. doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6427-x
- Krishnaraj, V. Prabukarthi, A. Ramanathan, A. Elanghovan, N. Senthil Kumar, M.Zitoune, R., Davim, J.P., (2012) Optimization of machining parameters at high speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates, Compos.: Part B, 43, 1791–1799. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.01.007
- Krishnamoorthy, A., RajendraBoopathy, S., Palanikumar, K., Davim J.P., (2012) Application of grey fuzzy logic for the optimization of drilling parameters for CFRP composites with multiple performance characteristics, Measurement, 45,1286–1296. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2012.01.008
- Marques, A.T.Duraõ, L.M., Magalhaes, A.G. Silva, J.F. Tavares, J.M.R.S. (2009) Delamination analysis of carbon fibre reinforced laminates: evaluation of a special step drill, Composites Science and Technology, 69, 2376–2382. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.025
- MohdAriffin, M. K. A. Mohd Ali, M. I. Sapuan, S. M. Ismail, N. (2009) An optimise drilling process for an aircraft composite structure using design of experiments, Scientific Research and Essay, 4, 1109-1116.
- Sharma, S.C. Krishna, M.Narasimha Murthy, H.N. (2006) Delamination During Drilling in Polyurethane Foam Composite Sandwich Structures, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 15, 306-310. doi:10.1361/105994906X108710
- Vinson, J. R. (2001) Sandwich structures, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 54, 201-215.doi:10.1115/1.3097295
- Xu, J. An, Q. Chen, M. (2014) A comparative evaluation of polycrystalline diamond drills in drilling high-strength T800S/250F CFRP, Composite Structures, 117, 71–82. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.06.034
Details
| Subjects | Engineering |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2017 |
| Submission Date | September 30, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | November 2, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 3 |
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