Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 7 - 16, 09.10.2020

Abstract

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

112O149

References

  • Acikgoz, E., M. Sincik, M. Oz, S. Albayrak, G. Wietgrefe, Z.M. Turan, A.T. Goksoy, U. Bilgili, A. Karasu, O. Tongel and O. Canbolat. 2007. Forage soybean performance in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Res. 103: 239-247.
  • Acikgoz, E., M. Sincik, G. Wietgrefe, M. Surmen, S. Cecen, T. Yavuz, C. Erdurmus and A.T. Goksoy. 2013. Dry matter accumulation and forage quality characteristics of different soybean genotypes. Turk J. Agric. For. 37: 22-32.
  • Altinok, S., I. Erdogdu and I. Rajcan. 2004. Morphology, forage and seed yield of soybean cultivars of different maturity grown as a forage crop in Turkey. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 181–186.
  • Anderson, L.R. and B.L. Vasilas. 1985. Effects of planting date on two soybean cultivars: Seasonal dry matter accumulation and seed yield. Crop Sci. 25: 999–1004.
  • Asekova, S, J.G. Shannon and L. Jeong-Dong Lee. 2014. The current status of forage soybean. Plant Breed Biotech. 2: 334-341.
  • Aydogdu, L. and E. Acikgoz. 1995. Effect of seeding rate on seed and hay yield in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 174: 181–187.
  • Barnhart, S.K. 2007. Time is running out for planting an ‘emergency’ forage crop. Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
  • Beatty, K.D., I.L. Eldridge and A.M. Simpson Jr. 1982. Soybean response to different planting patterns and dates. Agron. J. 74:559–562.
  • Bellaloui, N. 2012. Soybean seed phenol, lignin, and isoflavones partitioning as affected by seed node position and genotype differences. Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, USA, Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, Article ID: 18486.
  • Bennett, D. 2001. Food plots and forage soybeans. Delta Farm Press, Clarksville, MS, USA.
  • Bernard, R.I., G.A. Juvik and R.I. Nelson. 1987. USDA soybean germplasm collection inventory. Vol. 1 INTSOY Series No. 30: 12-13.
  • Bilgili, U., M. Sincik, A.T. Goksoy, Z.M. Turan and E. Acikgoz. 2005. Forage and grain yield performances of soybean lines. J. Cent. Eu.r Agr. 6:405–410.
  • Brown, C. 1999. Soybean as a forage crop. Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Consumer Affairs, Ontario, Canada.
  • Calvino, P.A., V.O. Sadras and F.H. Andrade. 2003. Development, growth and yield of late-sown soybean in the southern Pampas. European J. Agronomy. 19: 265-275.
  • Darmosarkoro, W., M.M. Harbur, D.R. Buxton, K.J. Moore, T.E. Devine and I.C. Anderson. 2001. Growth, development and yield of soybean lines developed for forage. Agron. J. 93: 1028-1034.
  • De Bruin, J.L., J.W. Singer, P. Pedersen and J.L. Rotundo. 2010. Soybean photosynthetic rate and carbon fixation at early and late planting dates. Crop Sci. 50: 2516–2524.
  • Devine, T.E. and E.O. Hatley. 1998. Registration of ‘Donegal’ forage soybean. Crop Sci. 38: 1719–1720.
  • Devine, T.E., E.O. Hatley and D.E. Starner. 1998. Registration of ‘Derry’ forage soybean. Crop Sci. 38: 1719.
  • Gesch, R.W., D.W. Archer and M.T. Berti. 2014. Dual cropping winter camelina with soybean in the Northern Corn Belt. Agron. J. 106: 1735-1745.
  • Gulluoglu, L., H. Bakal, and H. Arioglu 2016. The effects of twin-row planting pattern and plant population on seed yield and yield components of soybean at late double-cropped planting in Cukurova Region. Turk. J. Field Crops, 21: 60-66
  • Hancock Seed Company, Laredo seed advertisement, 2016. Hancock Farm & Seed Co.,Inc., 18724 Hancock Farm Rd., Dade City, FL 33523, USA
  • Heinrichs, A.J., V.A. Ishler and R.S. Adams. 1997. Feeding during shortages of home- grown feeds. PennState Extension, Bellenfonte, PA, USA, DAS 97-17.
  • Hintz, R.W., K.A. Albrecht and E.S. Oplinger. 1992. Yield and quality of soybean forage as affected by cultivar and management practices. Agron. J. 84: 795-798.
  • Hintz, R.W. and K.A. Albrecht. 1994. Dry matter partitioning and forage nutritive value of soybean plant components. Agron. J. 86: 59-62.
  • Hume, D. J, S. Shanmugasundaram and W.D. Bevensdorf. 1985. Soyabean (Gylcine max. L. Merrill.). In: Grain Legume Crops, ed. Summerfield, R.J. and Roberts, E.H. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. London, p. 391-432.
  • Keim, K.R., A. Eren and L.H. Edwards. 1999. Long-term study of planting date effects on seed yield in soybean. J. Prod. Agric. 12: 288-292.
  • Koivisto, J.M., T.E. Devine, G.P.F. Lane, C.A. Sawyer and H.J. Brown. 2003. Forage soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the United Kingdom: Test of new cultivars. Agronomie. 23: 287-291.
  • Lawn, R.J. and D.J. Hume. 1985. Response of tropical and temperature soybean genotypes to temperature during early reproductive growth. Crop Sci. 25: 137-142.
  • LeMahieu, P.J. and M.A. Brinkman. 1990. Double-cropping soybean after harvesting small grains as forage in the North Central USA. J. Prod. Agric. 3: 385-389.
  • MacKown, C.T., J.J. Heitholt and S.C. Rao. 2007. Agronomic feasibility of a continuous double crop of winter wheat and soybean forage in the southern Great Plains. Crop Sci. 47: 1652-1660.
  • Mariana R., C. Prado, G. Podazza, R. Interdonato, J.A. Gonzalez, M. Hilal and F.E. Prado. 2009. Soluble sugars-Metabolism, sensing and abiotic stress, a complex network in the life of plants. Plant Signal Behav. 4(5): 388-393.
  • Morse, W.J. 1919. Sept. 26 Letter to Prof. C.V. Piper at USDA Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, DC. USA.
  • Munoz, A.E., E.C. Holt and R.W. Weaver. 1983. Yield and quality of soybean hay as influenced by stage of growth and plant density. Agron. J. 75: 147–148.
  • Nayigihugu, V., W. Kellogg, D. Longer, Z. Johnson and K. Anschutz. 2000. Performance and ensiling characteristics of tall growing soybean lines used for forage. Anim. Sci. Dep. Rep. 470. Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA, p. 142-147.
  • Pedersen, P. and J.G. Lauer. 2004a. Soybean growth and development in various management systems and planting dates. Crop Sci. 44: 508–515.
  • Pedersen, P. and J.G. Lauer. 2004b. Response of soybean yield components to management system and planting date. Agron. J. 96: 1372–1381.
  • Piper, C.V. and W.J. Morse. 1923. The soybean. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co., USA, xv+329, p. March. See p. 166.
  • Purcell, L.C., D.A. Ashley and H.R. Boerma. 1987. Effects of chilling on photosynthetic capacity and leaf carbohydrate and nitrogen status of soybean. Crop Sci. 27: 90- 95.
  • Rao, S.C., H.S. Mayeux and B.K. Northup. 2005. Performance of forage soybean in the southern great plains. Crop Sci. 45: 1973–1977.
  • Sanford, J.O. 1981. Straw and tillage management practices in soybean-wheat double- cropping. Agron. J. 74: 1032-1035.
  • Seiter, S, C.E. Altemose and H.M. Davis. 2004. Forage soybean yield and quality responses to plant density and row distance. Agron. J. 96:966-970.
  • Sheaffer, C.C., J.H. Orf, T.E. Devine and J.G. Jewett. 2001. Yield and quality of forage soybean. Agron. J. 93: 99-106.
  • Shurtleff, W. and A. Aoyagi. 2013. Early named soybean varieties in the United States and Canada, Ref. 689, p. 317.
  • Shurtleff, W., H.T. Haung and A. Aoyagi. 2013. History of soybeans and soyfoods in China and Taiwan. Ref. 2018, p. 878.
  • Taylor, W.A. 1920. Soybean. USDA Department Circular No. 120, p. 4.
  • Touchton, T. and J.W. Johnson. 1981. Soybean tillage and planting method effects on yield of double-cropped wheat and soybeans. Agron. J. 74: 57-59.
  • Undersander, D. 2001. Soybeans for hay or silage. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Uzun, A., U. Bilgili, M. Sincik and E. Acikgoz. 2005. Yield and quality of forage type pea lines of contrasting leaf types. Eur. J. Agron. 22: 85–94.
  • Wietgrefe, G. 2014. Systems and processes for producing biofuels from biomass. Assignee: Syngenta Participations AG, Basel (CH), US Patent No. 8641910 B2, table 9.
  • WMS, Laredo soybean advertisement. 2016. Wildlife Management Solutions, Inc., 14281 Hwy. 11 S., Eutaw, Alabama, USA
  • Zhi-gang, Z., L. Rui-ping, J.I. Yue-mei, H. Ji-bing and S. Wen-ping. 2011. The effect of different sowing dates on yield and properties of Ningxia soybean. Chinese Seed. 2: 24-25.

Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 7 - 16, 09.10.2020

Abstract

Soybean, an annual broadleaf legume, may be grown as hay and pasture crop or ensiled with corn and sorghum for livestock. Field experiments in a Mediterranean-type climate were conducted in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to evaluate DM yield and some yield components of soybean genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Bursa, Turkey. In the study’s first step, seventy soybean genotypes and five check cultivars were evaluated in augmented design in 2013 and then selected genotypes were grown in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015 experimental years. All field studies were established in main (spring planting) and double cropping conditions, simultaneously. There were statistically significant differences between soybean genotypes in dry matter (DM) yield, yield components and partitioning of soybean plant parts in both main and double cropping. In main cropping conditions, DM yield of fifteen selected soybean genotypes averaged 15931 kg ha-1 in first and 9645 kg ha-1 in the second year of the study. Indicating planting date and year-to-year genotype differences, the DM genotypes ranged from 5683 to 26028 kg ha-1 in the main cropping system. Nine genotypes were also evaluated over two years for plant height, branching, leaflet size, and DM yield in a double cropping system with significant differences in evaluated traits and DM yield. Even in the double cropping system, soybean genotypes averaged well over seven tonne per hectare DM with a range of 4568 to 13293 kg ha-1. As an indication of soybean forage quality, leaflet percentage increased and stem percentage decreased in the double cropping system. In a Mediterranean climate, soybeans for forage can provide a high-yield annual broadleaf alternative to annual grass or perennial forages by critically evaluating cultivar selection.

Project Number

112O149

References

  • Acikgoz, E., M. Sincik, M. Oz, S. Albayrak, G. Wietgrefe, Z.M. Turan, A.T. Goksoy, U. Bilgili, A. Karasu, O. Tongel and O. Canbolat. 2007. Forage soybean performance in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Res. 103: 239-247.
  • Acikgoz, E., M. Sincik, G. Wietgrefe, M. Surmen, S. Cecen, T. Yavuz, C. Erdurmus and A.T. Goksoy. 2013. Dry matter accumulation and forage quality characteristics of different soybean genotypes. Turk J. Agric. For. 37: 22-32.
  • Altinok, S., I. Erdogdu and I. Rajcan. 2004. Morphology, forage and seed yield of soybean cultivars of different maturity grown as a forage crop in Turkey. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 181–186.
  • Anderson, L.R. and B.L. Vasilas. 1985. Effects of planting date on two soybean cultivars: Seasonal dry matter accumulation and seed yield. Crop Sci. 25: 999–1004.
  • Asekova, S, J.G. Shannon and L. Jeong-Dong Lee. 2014. The current status of forage soybean. Plant Breed Biotech. 2: 334-341.
  • Aydogdu, L. and E. Acikgoz. 1995. Effect of seeding rate on seed and hay yield in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 174: 181–187.
  • Barnhart, S.K. 2007. Time is running out for planting an ‘emergency’ forage crop. Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
  • Beatty, K.D., I.L. Eldridge and A.M. Simpson Jr. 1982. Soybean response to different planting patterns and dates. Agron. J. 74:559–562.
  • Bellaloui, N. 2012. Soybean seed phenol, lignin, and isoflavones partitioning as affected by seed node position and genotype differences. Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, USA, Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, Article ID: 18486.
  • Bennett, D. 2001. Food plots and forage soybeans. Delta Farm Press, Clarksville, MS, USA.
  • Bernard, R.I., G.A. Juvik and R.I. Nelson. 1987. USDA soybean germplasm collection inventory. Vol. 1 INTSOY Series No. 30: 12-13.
  • Bilgili, U., M. Sincik, A.T. Goksoy, Z.M. Turan and E. Acikgoz. 2005. Forage and grain yield performances of soybean lines. J. Cent. Eu.r Agr. 6:405–410.
  • Brown, C. 1999. Soybean as a forage crop. Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Consumer Affairs, Ontario, Canada.
  • Calvino, P.A., V.O. Sadras and F.H. Andrade. 2003. Development, growth and yield of late-sown soybean in the southern Pampas. European J. Agronomy. 19: 265-275.
  • Darmosarkoro, W., M.M. Harbur, D.R. Buxton, K.J. Moore, T.E. Devine and I.C. Anderson. 2001. Growth, development and yield of soybean lines developed for forage. Agron. J. 93: 1028-1034.
  • De Bruin, J.L., J.W. Singer, P. Pedersen and J.L. Rotundo. 2010. Soybean photosynthetic rate and carbon fixation at early and late planting dates. Crop Sci. 50: 2516–2524.
  • Devine, T.E. and E.O. Hatley. 1998. Registration of ‘Donegal’ forage soybean. Crop Sci. 38: 1719–1720.
  • Devine, T.E., E.O. Hatley and D.E. Starner. 1998. Registration of ‘Derry’ forage soybean. Crop Sci. 38: 1719.
  • Gesch, R.W., D.W. Archer and M.T. Berti. 2014. Dual cropping winter camelina with soybean in the Northern Corn Belt. Agron. J. 106: 1735-1745.
  • Gulluoglu, L., H. Bakal, and H. Arioglu 2016. The effects of twin-row planting pattern and plant population on seed yield and yield components of soybean at late double-cropped planting in Cukurova Region. Turk. J. Field Crops, 21: 60-66
  • Hancock Seed Company, Laredo seed advertisement, 2016. Hancock Farm & Seed Co.,Inc., 18724 Hancock Farm Rd., Dade City, FL 33523, USA
  • Heinrichs, A.J., V.A. Ishler and R.S. Adams. 1997. Feeding during shortages of home- grown feeds. PennState Extension, Bellenfonte, PA, USA, DAS 97-17.
  • Hintz, R.W., K.A. Albrecht and E.S. Oplinger. 1992. Yield and quality of soybean forage as affected by cultivar and management practices. Agron. J. 84: 795-798.
  • Hintz, R.W. and K.A. Albrecht. 1994. Dry matter partitioning and forage nutritive value of soybean plant components. Agron. J. 86: 59-62.
  • Hume, D. J, S. Shanmugasundaram and W.D. Bevensdorf. 1985. Soyabean (Gylcine max. L. Merrill.). In: Grain Legume Crops, ed. Summerfield, R.J. and Roberts, E.H. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. London, p. 391-432.
  • Keim, K.R., A. Eren and L.H. Edwards. 1999. Long-term study of planting date effects on seed yield in soybean. J. Prod. Agric. 12: 288-292.
  • Koivisto, J.M., T.E. Devine, G.P.F. Lane, C.A. Sawyer and H.J. Brown. 2003. Forage soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the United Kingdom: Test of new cultivars. Agronomie. 23: 287-291.
  • Lawn, R.J. and D.J. Hume. 1985. Response of tropical and temperature soybean genotypes to temperature during early reproductive growth. Crop Sci. 25: 137-142.
  • LeMahieu, P.J. and M.A. Brinkman. 1990. Double-cropping soybean after harvesting small grains as forage in the North Central USA. J. Prod. Agric. 3: 385-389.
  • MacKown, C.T., J.J. Heitholt and S.C. Rao. 2007. Agronomic feasibility of a continuous double crop of winter wheat and soybean forage in the southern Great Plains. Crop Sci. 47: 1652-1660.
  • Mariana R., C. Prado, G. Podazza, R. Interdonato, J.A. Gonzalez, M. Hilal and F.E. Prado. 2009. Soluble sugars-Metabolism, sensing and abiotic stress, a complex network in the life of plants. Plant Signal Behav. 4(5): 388-393.
  • Morse, W.J. 1919. Sept. 26 Letter to Prof. C.V. Piper at USDA Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, DC. USA.
  • Munoz, A.E., E.C. Holt and R.W. Weaver. 1983. Yield and quality of soybean hay as influenced by stage of growth and plant density. Agron. J. 75: 147–148.
  • Nayigihugu, V., W. Kellogg, D. Longer, Z. Johnson and K. Anschutz. 2000. Performance and ensiling characteristics of tall growing soybean lines used for forage. Anim. Sci. Dep. Rep. 470. Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA, p. 142-147.
  • Pedersen, P. and J.G. Lauer. 2004a. Soybean growth and development in various management systems and planting dates. Crop Sci. 44: 508–515.
  • Pedersen, P. and J.G. Lauer. 2004b. Response of soybean yield components to management system and planting date. Agron. J. 96: 1372–1381.
  • Piper, C.V. and W.J. Morse. 1923. The soybean. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co., USA, xv+329, p. March. See p. 166.
  • Purcell, L.C., D.A. Ashley and H.R. Boerma. 1987. Effects of chilling on photosynthetic capacity and leaf carbohydrate and nitrogen status of soybean. Crop Sci. 27: 90- 95.
  • Rao, S.C., H.S. Mayeux and B.K. Northup. 2005. Performance of forage soybean in the southern great plains. Crop Sci. 45: 1973–1977.
  • Sanford, J.O. 1981. Straw and tillage management practices in soybean-wheat double- cropping. Agron. J. 74: 1032-1035.
  • Seiter, S, C.E. Altemose and H.M. Davis. 2004. Forage soybean yield and quality responses to plant density and row distance. Agron. J. 96:966-970.
  • Sheaffer, C.C., J.H. Orf, T.E. Devine and J.G. Jewett. 2001. Yield and quality of forage soybean. Agron. J. 93: 99-106.
  • Shurtleff, W. and A. Aoyagi. 2013. Early named soybean varieties in the United States and Canada, Ref. 689, p. 317.
  • Shurtleff, W., H.T. Haung and A. Aoyagi. 2013. History of soybeans and soyfoods in China and Taiwan. Ref. 2018, p. 878.
  • Taylor, W.A. 1920. Soybean. USDA Department Circular No. 120, p. 4.
  • Touchton, T. and J.W. Johnson. 1981. Soybean tillage and planting method effects on yield of double-cropped wheat and soybeans. Agron. J. 74: 57-59.
  • Undersander, D. 2001. Soybeans for hay or silage. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Uzun, A., U. Bilgili, M. Sincik and E. Acikgoz. 2005. Yield and quality of forage type pea lines of contrasting leaf types. Eur. J. Agron. 22: 85–94.
  • Wietgrefe, G. 2014. Systems and processes for producing biofuels from biomass. Assignee: Syngenta Participations AG, Basel (CH), US Patent No. 8641910 B2, table 9.
  • WMS, Laredo soybean advertisement. 2016. Wildlife Management Solutions, Inc., 14281 Hwy. 11 S., Eutaw, Alabama, USA
  • Zhi-gang, Z., L. Rui-ping, J.I. Yue-mei, H. Ji-bing and S. Wen-ping. 2011. The effect of different sowing dates on yield and properties of Ningxia soybean. Chinese Seed. 2: 24-25.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Botany
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esvet Açıkgöz 0000-0001-8537-7488

Abdurrahim Göksoy

Gary Wıetgrefe This is me

Ayşen Uzun

Mehmet Sincik

Project Number 112O149
Publication Date October 9, 2020
Submission Date July 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Açıkgöz, E., Göksoy, A., Wıetgrefe, G., Uzun, A., et al. (2020). Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science, 1(1), 7-16.
AMA Açıkgöz E, Göksoy A, Wıetgrefe G, Uzun A, Sincik M. Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig. Turk.J.R.For.Sci. October 2020;1(1):7-16.
Chicago Açıkgöz, Esvet, Abdurrahim Göksoy, Gary Wıetgrefe, Ayşen Uzun, and Mehmet Sincik. “Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig”. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science 1, no. 1 (October 2020): 7-16.
EndNote Açıkgöz E, Göksoy A, Wıetgrefe G, Uzun A, Sincik M (October 1, 2020) Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science 1 1 7–16.
IEEE E. Açıkgöz, A. Göksoy, G. Wıetgrefe, A. Uzun, and M. Sincik, “Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig”, Turk.J.R.For.Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 2020.
ISNAD Açıkgöz, Esvet et al. “Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig”. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science 1/1 (October 2020), 7-16.
JAMA Açıkgöz E, Göksoy A, Wıetgrefe G, Uzun A, Sincik M. Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig. Turk.J.R.For.Sci. 2020;1:7–16.
MLA Açıkgöz, Esvet et al. “Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig”. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020, pp. 7-16.
Vancouver Açıkgöz E, Göksoy A, Wıetgrefe G, Uzun A, Sincik M. Forage Yield Performance of Soybean Genotypes for Spring Seeding and Double Croppnig. Turk.J.R.For.Sci. 2020;1(1):7-16.

     TR_Dizin_logo.png?version=1&modificationDate=1614345672000&api=v2  asos-index.png          logo.png    Crossref_Logo_Stacked_RGB_SMALL.png 1?ui=2&ik=a4058937f1&attid=0.3&permmsgid=msg-f:1749487628794806097&th=18476dbaad413f51&view=fimg&fur=ip&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ9QGll0LXXhrpfkwxITnNQPMSCkjzPYtGlKAQeCi78zqusMPzJmW9Os0HX2VeTA31eRfyXCwOmU97TIQBEjf3rU8o_BbruviQKEDDHIC8oINFfNbOJLDrJPxfs&disp=emb




Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.