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DETECTION, BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME VIRUSES TRANSMITTED BY EDIBLE LEGUMINOUS SEEDS

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 784 - 799, 26.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.910482

Abstract

This study were carried out to determine the presence of Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and Pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) in broad bean, pea, lentil and chickpea seed samples obtained from producers and companies from different provinces of Turkey in 2017 and biological and molecular characterization of the detected viruses.
DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR methods were used to detect viruses in seed samples. The detected viruses were transported to test plants by mechanical inoculation and their biological characterization was made. Afterwards, by sequencing the CP gene regions of viruses reproduced by RT-PCR method, phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the MEGA program in comparison with world isolates.
While viruses were found in broad bean, lentil and chickpea seed samples, viruses were not found in pea seeds. PSbMV in broad bean, BYMV, CMV and PSbMV have been identified for the first time in Turkey. In biological characterization studies, the isolates of AMV, BYMV, CMV and PSbMV showed differences and similarities with world isolates. In addition, a high rate of nucleotide and amino acid similarity with world isolates has been determined.

References

  • Albrechtsen, S.E. 2006. Testing Methods for Seed Transmitted Viruses: Principles and Protocols, Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology. Copenhagen, Denmark, 268p.
  • Al-Khalaf, M., Kumari, S.G., Haj Kasem, A., Makkouk, K.M., Shalaby, A.-B.A. ve Al-Chaabi, S., 2008. Molecular characterization of a Bean yellow mosaic virus isolate from Syria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 47(3): 282-285.
  • Al-khalaf, M.A., Kumari, S.G., Haj Kasem, A., Makkouk, K. ve Al-Chaabi, S. 2010. Bean yellow mosaic virus on cool-season food legumes and weeds: Distribution and its effect on faba bean yield and control in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 28(1): 38-47.
  • Al-Saleh, M.A., Amer, M.A., Al-Shahwan, I.M., Abdalla, O.A. ve Shakeel, M.T. 2014. Molecular characterization of two alfalfa mosaic virus isolates infecting potato crop in central region of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(5): 976-980.
  • Bergua, M., Luis-Arteaga, M. ve Escriu, F. 2014. Genetic diversity, reassortment, and recombination in Alfalfa mosaic virus Population in Spain. Virology, 104(11): 1241-1250.
  • Bos, L., Hampton, R.O. ve Makkouk, K.M. 1988. Viruses and virus diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea. “Alınmıştır: World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes.” (Eds.) Summerfield, R.J., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 591-615.
  • Clark, M.F. ve Adams, A.N. 1977. Characteristic of microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34(3): 475-483.
  • Coutts, B.A., Prince, R.T. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2008. Further studies on Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in cool-season crop legumes: Responses to infection and seed quality defects. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 59: 1130-1145.
  • Coutts, B.A., Prince, R.T. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2009. Quantifying effects of seedborne inoculum on virus spread, yield losses, and seed infection in the Pea seed-borne mosaic virus field pea pathosystem. Phytopathology, 99: 1156-1167.
  • Edwardson, J.R. ve Christie, R. 2018. Handbook of Viruses Infecting Legumes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 505p.
  • Eldin, A.S.G., El-Kady, M.A. ve El-Amrety, A.A. 1981. Pea mosaic virus (PMV) strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus isolated from pea. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 13: 23-28.
  • El-Attar, S., Ghabrial, S.A. ve Nour-Eldin, F. 1971a. A strain of Alfalfa mosaic virus on broad bean in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Agricultural Research Review, 49: 277-284.
  • El-Attar, S., Nour-Eldin, F. ve Ghabrial, S.A. 1971b. A strain of bean yellow mosaic virus naturally occurring on broad bean in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Agricultural Research Review, 49: 285-290.
  • Erdiller G., Akbaş B. ve Sağır A. 1997. Survey of seedborne viruses in lentil seeds in Mardin province, The Journal of Turkish Phythopathology, 26(2-3): 69-75.
  • Erkan, S. 1998. Tohum Patolojisi. Gözdem Ofis, İZMİR, 275 s.
  • Fidan, Ü. 1988. Ege Bölgesinde Baklagillerde Görülen Virüs Hastalıklarının Tanılanması ve Tohumla Taşınma Durumlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, EÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 100s.
  • Fidan, Ü. ve Yorgancı, Ü. 1990. lnvestigotion on the detection and seed transmission of the virus diseases occurring on pulse crops in Aegeon Region. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 19(l): 1-5.
  • Foissac, X., Savalle-Dumas, L., Gentit, P., Dulucq, M.J. ve Candresse, T. 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree Tricho, Capillo, and Foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine-containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticulturae, 550: 37-44.
  • Giakountis, A., Skoufa, A., Paplomatas, E.I., Tokatlidis, I.S. ve Chatzivassiliou, E.K. 2015. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a Greek lentil isolate of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus. Phytoparasitica, 43: 615-628.
  • GTHB, 2016. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü Tohumculuk Daire Başkanlığı, Tohumculuk, T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Eğitim Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, 128s.
  • GTHB, 2017. “Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkez Müdürlüğü, Kayıt Listeleri”, https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/TTSM/Menu/30/Kayit-Listeleri (Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2017).
  • Hampton, R.O. 1982. Incidence of the lentil strain of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus as a contaminant of Lens culinaris germplasm. Phytopathology, 72: 695-698.
  • ICTV, 2020. “International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses”, https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ (Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2020).
  • ISTA, 2017. “International Rules for Seed Testing”, https://www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/ISTA_Rules_2017_02_sampling.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 4 Nisan 2017).
  • Jones, R.A.C. ve Barbetti, M.J. 2012. Influence of climate change on plant disease infections and epidemics caused by viruses and bacteria. Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 7(22): 1-31.
  • Jones, R.A.C. ve Coutts, B.A. 1996. Alfalfa mosaic and Cucumber mosaic virus infection in chickpea and lentil: incidence and seed transmission. Annals of Applied Biology, 129: 491-506.
  • Jones, R.A.C., Coutts, B.A., Latham, L.J. ve McKirdy, S.J. 2008. Cucumber mosaic virus infection of chickpea stands: Temporal and spatial patterns of spread and yieldlimiting potential. Plant Pathology, 57: 842-853.
  • Kaiser, W.J. 1981. Disease of chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea and tepary bean in continental United States and Puerto Rico. Economic Botany, 35:300-320.
  • Kaiser, W.J. ve Danesh, D. 1971. Etiology of virus-induced wilt of Cicer arietinum. Phytopathology, 61:453-457.
  • Kaiser, W.J., Danesh, D., Okhovat, M. ve Mossahebi, H. 1968. Diseases of pulse crops (edible legumes) in Iran. Plant Disease Reporter, 52:687-691.
  • Kararah, M., Om-Hashem, M., El-Banna, S., Zein, N. ve Abd-Elrehiem, A. 2014. Biological and serological studies on Pea seed –borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) on cowpea forage crop (Vignaunguiculata L.Walp). Egyptian Journal of Virology, 11(2): 288-310.
  • Kavyashri, V.V., Pappachan, A., Padmaja, A.S., Nagaraju, N. ve Rangaswamy, K.T. 2016. Biological and molecular characterization of cucumber mosaic virus isolate causing severe mosaic in Gherkin (Cucumis Anguria L.) in India. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 10(3): 2089-2098.
  • Kelaniyangoda, D.B. ve Madhubashini, L.W.M. 2010. Indicator plants: Tools for detecting Papaya ring spot potyvirus and Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. Journal of Food and Agriculture, 1(2): 64-69.
  • Kim, M.-K., Kwak, H.-R., Lee, S.-H., Kim, J.-S., Kim, K.-H., Cha, B.J. ve Choi, H.-S. 2011. Characteristics of Cucumber mosaic virus isolated from Zea mays in Korea. Plant Pathology Journal, 27(4):372-377.
  • Kumari, S., Makkouk, K. ve Ismail, I.D. 1994. Seed transmission and yield loss induced in lentil by Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus. Lens Newsletter, 21(1): 42-44.
  • Latham, L.J., Jones, R.A.C. ve Coutts, B.A. 2004. Yield losses caused by virus infection in four combination of non-persistently aphid transmitted virus and cool-season crop legume. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44(1): 57-63.
  • Lewis, G., Schrire B., Mackinder, B. ve Lock, M. 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, U.K, 577p.
  • Loebenstein, G. ve Thottappilly, G. 2003. Virus And Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries. Springer, Netherlands, 800p.
  • Lundsgaard, T. 1981. Pea seedborne mosaic virus isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L.) in Denmark. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 31(2): 116-122.
  • Makkouk, K.M., Kumari, S.G. ve Bos, L. 1993. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: Occurrence in faba bean (Vicia faba) and lentil (Lens culinaris) in West Asia and North Africa, and further information on host range, transmission characteristics, and purification. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 99:115-124.
  • Mills, P.R. ve Ahmed, A.H. 1984. Host range and properties of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Su) infecting Vicia faba in Sudan. FABIS Newsletter, 9:31-33.
  • Morales, F.J. 2003. Common bean. “Alınmıştır: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries.” (Eds) Loebenstein, G. ve Thottappilly, G., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 425-445.
  • Musil, M. 1966. Uber das Vorkommen des Virus des Blattrollens der Erbse in der Slowakei. Biologia (Bratislava), 21:133-138.
  • Pourrahim, R. ve Farzadfar, S. 2016. Biological and molecular characterization of Alfalfa mosaic virus infecting trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology, 164: 276-280.
  • Quizbouben, A. ve Fortass, M. 1997. Survey of chickpea for viruses in Morocco. EPPO Bulletin, 27:249-254.
  • Rao, G.P., Kumar, P.L. ve Holguin-Pen˜a, R. J. H. 2008. Vegetable and Pulse Crops, Volume 3: Characterization Diagnosis and Management of Plant Viruses. Studium Press LLC, USA, 408p.
  • Sastry, K.S. 2013. Seed-borne Plant Virus Diseases. Springer, India, 327p.
  • Sastry, K.S. ve Zitter, T.A. 2014. Management of Virus and Viroid Diseases of Crops in the Tropics. “Alınmıştır: Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics, Volume 2: Epidemiology and Management.” (Eds.) Sastry, K.S. ve Zitter, T.A., Springer, Dordrecht, 149-480.
  • Schwartz, H.F., Steadman, J.R., Hall, R. ve Foster, R.L. 2005. Compendium of Bean Diseases (2nd ed.). American Phytopathological Society, USA, 120 p.
  • Sharma, P.N., Sharma, V., Sharma, A., Rajput, K. ve Sharma S.K. 2015. Identification and molecular characterization of Bean yellow mosaic virus infecting French bean in Himachal Pradesh. Virus Disease, 26(4): 315-318.
  • Sertkaya, G., Çarpar, H. ve Sertkaya, E. 2017. Hatay ili patates üretim alanlarında Yonca Mozaik Virüsü (Alfalfa Mosaic Virus: AMV)’nün araştırılması. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1): 23-29.
  • Xu, H. ve Nie, J. 2006. Identification, characterization and molecular detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in potato. Phytopatholoogy, 96: 1237-1242.
  • Wylie, S.J., Coutts, B.A., Jones, M.G.K. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of Bean yellow mosaic virus isolates from four continents: Relationship between the seven groups found and their hosts and origins. Plant Disease, 92: 1596-1603.
  • Yardımcı, N., Eryiğit, H. ve Erdal, I. 2007. Effect of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) on the content of some macro and micronutrients in alfalfa. Journal of Culture Collections, 5: 90-93.

Yemeklik Baklagil Tohumlarıyla Taşınan Bazı Virüslerin Tespiti, Biyolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 784 - 799, 26.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.910482

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2017 yılında Türkiye’nin farklı illerindeki üreticilerden ve firmalardan temin edilen bakla, bezelye, mercimek ve nohut tohum örneklerinde Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BpYMV), Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) ve Pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) virüslerinin bulunma durumunun belirlenmesi ve tespit edilen virüslerin biyolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonunun yapılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Tohum örneklerinde virüslerin saptanmasında, DAS-ELISA ve RT-PCR yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Tespit edilen virüsler mekanik inokulasyonla test bitkilerine taşınarak biyolojik karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Daha sonra RT-PCR yöntemiyle çoğaltılan virüslerin CP gen bölgelerinin dizi analizleri yapılarak, MEGA programı vasıtasıyla dünya izolatlarıyla karşılaştırılmalı olarak filogenetik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bakla, mercimek ve nohut tohum örneklerinde virüslere rastlanırken, bezelye tohumlarında herhangi bir virüse rastlanmamıştır. Baklada PSbMV, Nohutta BYMV, CMV ve PSbMV virüsleri ülkemizde ilk kez belirlenmiştir. Biyolojik karakterizasyon çalışmalarında, AMV, BYMV, CMV ve PSbMV izolatları dünya izolatlarıyla farklılıklar ve benzerlikler göstermiştir. Ayrıca, dünya izolatlarıyla yüksek oranda nükleotit ve aminoasit benzerliği tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Albrechtsen, S.E. 2006. Testing Methods for Seed Transmitted Viruses: Principles and Protocols, Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology. Copenhagen, Denmark, 268p.
  • Al-Khalaf, M., Kumari, S.G., Haj Kasem, A., Makkouk, K.M., Shalaby, A.-B.A. ve Al-Chaabi, S., 2008. Molecular characterization of a Bean yellow mosaic virus isolate from Syria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 47(3): 282-285.
  • Al-khalaf, M.A., Kumari, S.G., Haj Kasem, A., Makkouk, K. ve Al-Chaabi, S. 2010. Bean yellow mosaic virus on cool-season food legumes and weeds: Distribution and its effect on faba bean yield and control in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 28(1): 38-47.
  • Al-Saleh, M.A., Amer, M.A., Al-Shahwan, I.M., Abdalla, O.A. ve Shakeel, M.T. 2014. Molecular characterization of two alfalfa mosaic virus isolates infecting potato crop in central region of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(5): 976-980.
  • Bergua, M., Luis-Arteaga, M. ve Escriu, F. 2014. Genetic diversity, reassortment, and recombination in Alfalfa mosaic virus Population in Spain. Virology, 104(11): 1241-1250.
  • Bos, L., Hampton, R.O. ve Makkouk, K.M. 1988. Viruses and virus diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea. “Alınmıştır: World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes.” (Eds.) Summerfield, R.J., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 591-615.
  • Clark, M.F. ve Adams, A.N. 1977. Characteristic of microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34(3): 475-483.
  • Coutts, B.A., Prince, R.T. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2008. Further studies on Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in cool-season crop legumes: Responses to infection and seed quality defects. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 59: 1130-1145.
  • Coutts, B.A., Prince, R.T. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2009. Quantifying effects of seedborne inoculum on virus spread, yield losses, and seed infection in the Pea seed-borne mosaic virus field pea pathosystem. Phytopathology, 99: 1156-1167.
  • Edwardson, J.R. ve Christie, R. 2018. Handbook of Viruses Infecting Legumes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 505p.
  • Eldin, A.S.G., El-Kady, M.A. ve El-Amrety, A.A. 1981. Pea mosaic virus (PMV) strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus isolated from pea. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 13: 23-28.
  • El-Attar, S., Ghabrial, S.A. ve Nour-Eldin, F. 1971a. A strain of Alfalfa mosaic virus on broad bean in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Agricultural Research Review, 49: 277-284.
  • El-Attar, S., Nour-Eldin, F. ve Ghabrial, S.A. 1971b. A strain of bean yellow mosaic virus naturally occurring on broad bean in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Agricultural Research Review, 49: 285-290.
  • Erdiller G., Akbaş B. ve Sağır A. 1997. Survey of seedborne viruses in lentil seeds in Mardin province, The Journal of Turkish Phythopathology, 26(2-3): 69-75.
  • Erkan, S. 1998. Tohum Patolojisi. Gözdem Ofis, İZMİR, 275 s.
  • Fidan, Ü. 1988. Ege Bölgesinde Baklagillerde Görülen Virüs Hastalıklarının Tanılanması ve Tohumla Taşınma Durumlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, EÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 100s.
  • Fidan, Ü. ve Yorgancı, Ü. 1990. lnvestigotion on the detection and seed transmission of the virus diseases occurring on pulse crops in Aegeon Region. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 19(l): 1-5.
  • Foissac, X., Savalle-Dumas, L., Gentit, P., Dulucq, M.J. ve Candresse, T. 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree Tricho, Capillo, and Foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine-containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticulturae, 550: 37-44.
  • Giakountis, A., Skoufa, A., Paplomatas, E.I., Tokatlidis, I.S. ve Chatzivassiliou, E.K. 2015. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a Greek lentil isolate of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus. Phytoparasitica, 43: 615-628.
  • GTHB, 2016. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü Tohumculuk Daire Başkanlığı, Tohumculuk, T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Eğitim Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, 128s.
  • GTHB, 2017. “Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkez Müdürlüğü, Kayıt Listeleri”, https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/TTSM/Menu/30/Kayit-Listeleri (Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2017).
  • Hampton, R.O. 1982. Incidence of the lentil strain of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus as a contaminant of Lens culinaris germplasm. Phytopathology, 72: 695-698.
  • ICTV, 2020. “International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses”, https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ (Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2020).
  • ISTA, 2017. “International Rules for Seed Testing”, https://www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/ISTA_Rules_2017_02_sampling.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 4 Nisan 2017).
  • Jones, R.A.C. ve Barbetti, M.J. 2012. Influence of climate change on plant disease infections and epidemics caused by viruses and bacteria. Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 7(22): 1-31.
  • Jones, R.A.C. ve Coutts, B.A. 1996. Alfalfa mosaic and Cucumber mosaic virus infection in chickpea and lentil: incidence and seed transmission. Annals of Applied Biology, 129: 491-506.
  • Jones, R.A.C., Coutts, B.A., Latham, L.J. ve McKirdy, S.J. 2008. Cucumber mosaic virus infection of chickpea stands: Temporal and spatial patterns of spread and yieldlimiting potential. Plant Pathology, 57: 842-853.
  • Kaiser, W.J. 1981. Disease of chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea and tepary bean in continental United States and Puerto Rico. Economic Botany, 35:300-320.
  • Kaiser, W.J. ve Danesh, D. 1971. Etiology of virus-induced wilt of Cicer arietinum. Phytopathology, 61:453-457.
  • Kaiser, W.J., Danesh, D., Okhovat, M. ve Mossahebi, H. 1968. Diseases of pulse crops (edible legumes) in Iran. Plant Disease Reporter, 52:687-691.
  • Kararah, M., Om-Hashem, M., El-Banna, S., Zein, N. ve Abd-Elrehiem, A. 2014. Biological and serological studies on Pea seed –borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) on cowpea forage crop (Vignaunguiculata L.Walp). Egyptian Journal of Virology, 11(2): 288-310.
  • Kavyashri, V.V., Pappachan, A., Padmaja, A.S., Nagaraju, N. ve Rangaswamy, K.T. 2016. Biological and molecular characterization of cucumber mosaic virus isolate causing severe mosaic in Gherkin (Cucumis Anguria L.) in India. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 10(3): 2089-2098.
  • Kelaniyangoda, D.B. ve Madhubashini, L.W.M. 2010. Indicator plants: Tools for detecting Papaya ring spot potyvirus and Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. Journal of Food and Agriculture, 1(2): 64-69.
  • Kim, M.-K., Kwak, H.-R., Lee, S.-H., Kim, J.-S., Kim, K.-H., Cha, B.J. ve Choi, H.-S. 2011. Characteristics of Cucumber mosaic virus isolated from Zea mays in Korea. Plant Pathology Journal, 27(4):372-377.
  • Kumari, S., Makkouk, K. ve Ismail, I.D. 1994. Seed transmission and yield loss induced in lentil by Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus. Lens Newsletter, 21(1): 42-44.
  • Latham, L.J., Jones, R.A.C. ve Coutts, B.A. 2004. Yield losses caused by virus infection in four combination of non-persistently aphid transmitted virus and cool-season crop legume. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44(1): 57-63.
  • Lewis, G., Schrire B., Mackinder, B. ve Lock, M. 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, U.K, 577p.
  • Loebenstein, G. ve Thottappilly, G. 2003. Virus And Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries. Springer, Netherlands, 800p.
  • Lundsgaard, T. 1981. Pea seedborne mosaic virus isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L.) in Denmark. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 31(2): 116-122.
  • Makkouk, K.M., Kumari, S.G. ve Bos, L. 1993. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: Occurrence in faba bean (Vicia faba) and lentil (Lens culinaris) in West Asia and North Africa, and further information on host range, transmission characteristics, and purification. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 99:115-124.
  • Mills, P.R. ve Ahmed, A.H. 1984. Host range and properties of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Su) infecting Vicia faba in Sudan. FABIS Newsletter, 9:31-33.
  • Morales, F.J. 2003. Common bean. “Alınmıştır: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries.” (Eds) Loebenstein, G. ve Thottappilly, G., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 425-445.
  • Musil, M. 1966. Uber das Vorkommen des Virus des Blattrollens der Erbse in der Slowakei. Biologia (Bratislava), 21:133-138.
  • Pourrahim, R. ve Farzadfar, S. 2016. Biological and molecular characterization of Alfalfa mosaic virus infecting trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology, 164: 276-280.
  • Quizbouben, A. ve Fortass, M. 1997. Survey of chickpea for viruses in Morocco. EPPO Bulletin, 27:249-254.
  • Rao, G.P., Kumar, P.L. ve Holguin-Pen˜a, R. J. H. 2008. Vegetable and Pulse Crops, Volume 3: Characterization Diagnosis and Management of Plant Viruses. Studium Press LLC, USA, 408p.
  • Sastry, K.S. 2013. Seed-borne Plant Virus Diseases. Springer, India, 327p.
  • Sastry, K.S. ve Zitter, T.A. 2014. Management of Virus and Viroid Diseases of Crops in the Tropics. “Alınmıştır: Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics, Volume 2: Epidemiology and Management.” (Eds.) Sastry, K.S. ve Zitter, T.A., Springer, Dordrecht, 149-480.
  • Schwartz, H.F., Steadman, J.R., Hall, R. ve Foster, R.L. 2005. Compendium of Bean Diseases (2nd ed.). American Phytopathological Society, USA, 120 p.
  • Sharma, P.N., Sharma, V., Sharma, A., Rajput, K. ve Sharma S.K. 2015. Identification and molecular characterization of Bean yellow mosaic virus infecting French bean in Himachal Pradesh. Virus Disease, 26(4): 315-318.
  • Sertkaya, G., Çarpar, H. ve Sertkaya, E. 2017. Hatay ili patates üretim alanlarında Yonca Mozaik Virüsü (Alfalfa Mosaic Virus: AMV)’nün araştırılması. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1): 23-29.
  • Xu, H. ve Nie, J. 2006. Identification, characterization and molecular detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in potato. Phytopatholoogy, 96: 1237-1242.
  • Wylie, S.J., Coutts, B.A., Jones, M.G.K. ve Jones, R.A.C. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of Bean yellow mosaic virus isolates from four continents: Relationship between the seven groups found and their hosts and origins. Plant Disease, 92: 1596-1603.
  • Yardımcı, N., Eryiğit, H. ve Erdal, I. 2007. Effect of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) on the content of some macro and micronutrients in alfalfa. Journal of Culture Collections, 5: 90-93.
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Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Zeki Kızmaz 0000-0001-5099-8081

Mustafa Gümüş 0000-0002-1603-8666

Publication Date July 26, 2021
Submission Date April 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kızmaz, M. Z., & Gümüş, M. (2021). Yemeklik Baklagil Tohumlarıyla Taşınan Bazı Virüslerin Tespiti, Biyolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 784-799. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.910482