Research Article
About Stranding and Accidentally Caught Cetaceans in the Black Sea: Death Reasons, Feeding Characteristics and Pregnancy Status
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine
stranding levels, dead reasons and some reproduction features and diet of the
Black Sea’ cetacean species (harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena and common dolphin, Delphinus delphis) Rize coast in the Black Sea. By caught cetaceans
(71 harbour porpoise and 4 common dolphins) were drowned entangled in the nets
and they did not damage the turbot nets. Stranding levels of the Black Sea’
cetaceans (6 harbour porpoise and 4 common dolphins) were 60% P. phocoena and 40% D. delphis. Probable causes of death of stranding cetaceans were
determined as asphyxia and marine pollutions. Mating of P. phocoena begins between June and July and calving takes after
May. A total of 52 harbour porpoise and 6 common dolphin stomach examined for
diet analyzes. Harbour porpoises feed mainly anchovy (N = 86%; FO = 63%),
whiting (N = 12%; FO = 25%) and horse mackerel (N = 2%; FO = 11%), and also
common dolphin feed mainly anchovy (N = 8%, FO = 43%) and horse mackerel (N =
5%; FO = 43%).
Keywords
References
- Aarefjord, H., Bjørge, A., Kinze, C.C., Lindstedt, I. 1995. Diet of the harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Scandinavian waters. In special issue, 16, Biology of phocoenids, A. Bjørge and G.P. Donovan (eds). Cambridge: International Whaling Commission, 211-222.
- ACCOBAMS, 2007. Report of the Third Meeting of the Contracting Parties to ACCOBAMS, 350 pp.
- Birkun, A.Jr. 2002. Interactions between Cetaceans and Fisheries in the Black Sea, In: G, Notarbartolo di Sciara (Ed,), Cetaceans of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: State of Knowledge and Conservation Strategies. A report to the ACCOBAMS Secretariat, Monaco, February 2002. Section 10, 11 p.
- Dolar, M.L.L., Walker, W.A., Kooyman, G.L., Perin, W.F. 2003. Comparative Feeding Ecology of Spinner Dolphins (Stenella longirostris) and Fraser’s Dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) in the Sulu Sea, Marine Mammal Science, 19(1): 1-19.
- Duignan, P.J., Gibbs, N.J., Jones, G.W. 2003. Autopsy of Cetaceans Incidentally Caught in Fishing Operations 1997/98, 1999/2000, and 2000/01, DOC SCIENCE INTERNAL SERIES 119. Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand, 31 p.
- Franse, R. 2005. Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (Pingers), Universiteit Leiden Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen Leiden Juli 2005, 33 p.
- Gol’din, P.E. 2004. Growth and body size of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena (Cetacea, Phocoenidae) in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Vestnik Zoologii, 38(4): 59-73.
- Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 411-429.
- Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S., Webber, M.A. 1993. FAO Species Identification Guide. Marine Mammals of the World, 320p. Öztürk, B., Öztürk, A.A., Dede, A. 1999. Cetacean Bycatch in the Western Coast of the Turkish Black Sea in 1993-1997. P, 134 [in: P,G,H, Evans, J, Cruz and J,A, Raga (Eds,), European research on Cetaceans – 13 (Proc,13th Annual Conf, European Cetacean Society, Valencia, Spain, 5-8 Apr1999), ECS, Valencia, 484 p].
- Öztürk, B., Aktan, Y., Topaloğlu, B., Keskin, Ç., Karakulak, S., Öztürk, A.A., Dede, A., Tükozan, O. 2004. Marine Life of Turkey, in the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Turkish Marin Research Foundation (TÜDAV), Uniprint Basım San. ve Tic. A.Ş., İstanbul, 200 p.
- Pusineri, C., Magnin, V., Meynier, L., Spitz, J., Hassani, S., Ridoux, V. 2007. Food and feeding ecology of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in the oceanic Northeast Atlantic and comparison with its diet in neritic areas. Marine Mammal Science, 23(1): 30-47.
- Read, A.J. 1990. Reproductive seasonality in harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(2): 284-288.
- Read, A.J., Drinker, P., Northridge, S. 2004. Bycatches of marine mammals in U.S. and global fisheries. Conservation Biology, 20(1): 163–169.
- Ringelstein, J., Pusineri, C., Hassani, O.S., Meynier, L., Nicolas, R., Ridoux, V. 2006. Food and feeding ecology of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the oceanic waters of the north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86: 909-918.
- Santos, M.B., Pierce, G.J. 2003. The diet of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Northest Atlantic. Oceanogarhy and Marine Biology, 41: 355-390.
- Tonay, A.M., Dede, A., Öztürk, A.A., Öztürk, B. 2007. Stomach content of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Turkish Western Black Sea in spring and early summer. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Médit., 37.
- Tuset, V.M., Lombarte, A., Assis, C.A. 2008. Otolith Atlas for Western Mediterranean, North and Central Eastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina, 72(1): 7-198.
- Zaitsev, Y.P., Mamaev, V. 1997. Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea: A Study of Change and Decline. GEF Black Sea Environment Progress. U.N. Publications, New York.
Karadeniz’de Karaya Vuran ve Kazara Yakalanan Yunuslar (Cetacea) Hakkında: Ölüm Nedenleri, Beslenme Özellikleri ve Gebelik Durumu
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Kalkan dip uzatma solungaç ağlarıyla
yapılan avcılıkta Karadeniz’de yaşayan iki yunus türünün (Mutur, Phocoena phocoena ve Tırtak, Delphinus delphis) karaya vuran miktarı
ve ölüm nedenleri ile bazı üreme ve beslenme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için
Rize kıyı şeridinde yürütülmüştür. Dip uzatma kalkan ağlarıyla kazara yakalanan
yunuslar (71 Mutur ve 4 Tırtak) ağlara dolanarak boğulmuş ve yunuslar kalkan
ağlarına zarar verememiştir. Karaya vuran yunusların (6 Mutur ve 4 Tırtak)
%60’ı P. phocoena, %40’ı ise D. delphis türüdür. Karaya vuran
yunusların muhtemel ölüm sebeplerinin avcılık sırasında ağlara kazara takılıp
boğulmaları ve deniz kirliliği olduğu belirlenmiştir. P. phocoena türü Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında çiftleşmeye
başlamakta, Mayıs’tan sonra ise doğum gerçekleşmektedir. Çalışmada 52 Mutur ve
6 Tırtak midesi incelenmiştir. Hem sayısal varlık hem de bulunuş frekansı
açısından Mutur başlıca Hamsi (% N = 86; %FO = %63), Mezgit (% N = 12; %FO =
%25) ve İstavrit (% N = 2; %FO = %11) balıkları ile Tırtak ise Hamsi (%N = 8,
%FO = 43) ve İstavrit (%N = 5 %FO = 43) balıklarıyla beslenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Aarefjord, H., Bjørge, A., Kinze, C.C., Lindstedt, I. 1995. Diet of the harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Scandinavian waters. In special issue, 16, Biology of phocoenids, A. Bjørge and G.P. Donovan (eds). Cambridge: International Whaling Commission, 211-222.
- ACCOBAMS, 2007. Report of the Third Meeting of the Contracting Parties to ACCOBAMS, 350 pp.
- Birkun, A.Jr. 2002. Interactions between Cetaceans and Fisheries in the Black Sea, In: G, Notarbartolo di Sciara (Ed,), Cetaceans of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: State of Knowledge and Conservation Strategies. A report to the ACCOBAMS Secretariat, Monaco, February 2002. Section 10, 11 p.
- Dolar, M.L.L., Walker, W.A., Kooyman, G.L., Perin, W.F. 2003. Comparative Feeding Ecology of Spinner Dolphins (Stenella longirostris) and Fraser’s Dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) in the Sulu Sea, Marine Mammal Science, 19(1): 1-19.
- Duignan, P.J., Gibbs, N.J., Jones, G.W. 2003. Autopsy of Cetaceans Incidentally Caught in Fishing Operations 1997/98, 1999/2000, and 2000/01, DOC SCIENCE INTERNAL SERIES 119. Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand, 31 p.
- Franse, R. 2005. Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (Pingers), Universiteit Leiden Centrum voor Milieuwetenschappen Leiden Juli 2005, 33 p.
- Gol’din, P.E. 2004. Growth and body size of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena (Cetacea, Phocoenidae) in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Vestnik Zoologii, 38(4): 59-73.
- Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 411-429.
- Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S., Webber, M.A. 1993. FAO Species Identification Guide. Marine Mammals of the World, 320p. Öztürk, B., Öztürk, A.A., Dede, A. 1999. Cetacean Bycatch in the Western Coast of the Turkish Black Sea in 1993-1997. P, 134 [in: P,G,H, Evans, J, Cruz and J,A, Raga (Eds,), European research on Cetaceans – 13 (Proc,13th Annual Conf, European Cetacean Society, Valencia, Spain, 5-8 Apr1999), ECS, Valencia, 484 p].
- Öztürk, B., Aktan, Y., Topaloğlu, B., Keskin, Ç., Karakulak, S., Öztürk, A.A., Dede, A., Tükozan, O. 2004. Marine Life of Turkey, in the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Turkish Marin Research Foundation (TÜDAV), Uniprint Basım San. ve Tic. A.Ş., İstanbul, 200 p.
- Pusineri, C., Magnin, V., Meynier, L., Spitz, J., Hassani, S., Ridoux, V. 2007. Food and feeding ecology of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in the oceanic Northeast Atlantic and comparison with its diet in neritic areas. Marine Mammal Science, 23(1): 30-47.
- Read, A.J. 1990. Reproductive seasonality in harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(2): 284-288.
- Read, A.J., Drinker, P., Northridge, S. 2004. Bycatches of marine mammals in U.S. and global fisheries. Conservation Biology, 20(1): 163–169.
- Ringelstein, J., Pusineri, C., Hassani, O.S., Meynier, L., Nicolas, R., Ridoux, V. 2006. Food and feeding ecology of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the oceanic waters of the north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86: 909-918.
- Santos, M.B., Pierce, G.J. 2003. The diet of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Northest Atlantic. Oceanogarhy and Marine Biology, 41: 355-390.
- Tonay, A.M., Dede, A., Öztürk, A.A., Öztürk, B. 2007. Stomach content of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Turkish Western Black Sea in spring and early summer. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Médit., 37.
- Tuset, V.M., Lombarte, A., Assis, C.A. 2008. Otolith Atlas for Western Mediterranean, North and Central Eastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina, 72(1): 7-198.
- Zaitsev, Y.P., Mamaev, V. 1997. Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea: A Study of Change and Decline. GEF Black Sea Environment Progress. U.N. Publications, New York.
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 18, 2018 |
| Submission Date | April 17, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 |
