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Karadeniz’in Tamamında ve Türkiye Kıyılarında Yapılan Çaça (Sprattus sprattus) Balıkçılığının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 52 - 62, 12.11.2018

İsmet Balık

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Karadeniz’in tamamında ve Türkiye kıyılarında yapılan çaça (Sprattus sprattus) balıkçılığını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 1970 yılından bugüne Karadeniz ve Karadeniz’in Türkiye kıyılarında yürütülmüş çaça balıkçılığına ilişkin önceki çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Özellikle yıllık av miktarlarındaki değişimler ve muhtemel nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, sürdürülebilir balıkçılık için alınması gereken önlemler belirlenmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Çaça, Karadeniz'deki ikinci en bol balık türüdür ve balık unu ve balık yağı fabrikaları için önemli bir ham madde kaynağıdır. Türkiye'nin özellikle Samsun kıyılarında, orta su trolü balıkçılığı için en önemli hedef türdür. Bu tür, 1970'lerin başından beri Gürcistan, Rusya Federasyonu, Ukrayna, Romanya ve Bulgaristan tarafından Karadeniz’den avlanmaktadır. Türkiye'de ise ilk çaça avcılığı 1993 yılında başlamış ve av miktarı 2007 yılına kadar tedrici olarak artış göstermiştir. Çaça avı 2008'den 2011'e hızla artarak 2011'de 87.141 tona ulaşmış ve ardından 2012'de 12.092 tona ve 2013'de 9.764 tona kadar keskin bir düşüş göstermiştir. Daha sonra tekrar artarak 2014 yılında 41.648 ton, 2015 yılında 76.996 ton seviyesine ulaşmıştır. Yıllık av değerlerinin eğilimi, Karadeniz'deki Türk sularında bu türün stokunda istikrar olmadığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Karadeniz’in Turkiye kıyıları çaça Sprattus sprattus balıkçılık

References

  • FAO, (2016a). GFCM Capture Production 1970-2014, http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/SQServlet file=/work/FIGIS/prod/webapps/figis/temp/hqp4292544257770521264.xmlandouttype=html is retrieved.
  • Nikolsky, G.V. (1965). The theory of the dynamics of fish stock, Nauka, Moscow.
  • Oguz, T., Akoglu, E., Salihoglu, B., (2012). Current state of overfishing and its regional differences in the Black Sea. Ocean and Coastal Management 58: 47-56.
  • European Commission, (2010). Fisheries in The Black Sea. Directorate General For Internal Policies Policy Department B: Structural And Cohesion Policies Fisheries, pp. 69.
  • Ak, O., Genç, Y. (2012). The Black Sea Fishery. In A. Tokaç, A.C. Gücü and B. Öztürk (Eds.), The state of the Turkish fisheries, pp. 182-213, Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Marine Research Foundation.
  • FAO, (2016b). The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, pp. 135, Rome, Italy.
  • Knudsen, S., Zengin, M., Koçak, M.H., (2010). Identifying drivers for fishing pressure. A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in Samsun, Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean and Coastal Management 53: 252-269.
  • Radu, G., Anton, E., Raykov, V., Yankova, M., Panayotova, M., 2010. Sprat and turbot fisheries in the Bulgarian and Romanian Black Sea areas. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference and Expo SGEM, 20 - 26 June 2010, Albena, Bulgaria.
  • Totoiu, A., Galatchi, M., Danilov, C., Timofte, F., Radu, G., 2016. The state of sprat (Sprattus sprattus, Linnaeus 1758) population in the Romanian marine area, its importance in local economy and as prey for larger fisheries. 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo Conference SGEM 2016, SGEM2016 Conference Proceedings, June 28-July 6, 2016, 3(2): 893-900.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue Volume 7 Clupeoid fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae (FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125), 7(1), Rome.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. (1986). Clupeidae. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.L. Bauchot, J.C. Hureau, J. Neilsen and E. Tortonese (eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume I, UNESCO, pp. 268-281, Paris.
  • Valenzuela, G.S., Vargas, C.A., (2002). Comparative larval growth rate of Sprattus sprattus in relation to physical and biological oceanographic features in the North Sea. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 49(3): 213 230.
  • Araujo, F.G., Williams, W.P., Bailey, R.G., (2000). Fish assemblages as indicators of water quality in the middle Thames Estuary, England (1980-1989). Estuaries 23(3): 305-317.
  • Ivanov, L., Beverton, R.J.H., (1985). The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part two: Black Sea. Etud. Rev. CGPM/Stud. Rev. GFCM. 60: 135.
  • Raykov, V., (2006). From EU25 to EU27. European newsletter of fisheries and environment IEEP, 17: 10-11.
  • Ceylan, V., Emir, M., (2015). Structural and Economic Analysis of Turkish Fishmeal and Fish Oil Industry. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15: 835-844.
  • Prodanov, K., Mikhailov, K., Daskalov, G.M., Maxim, K., Chashchin, A., Arkhipov, A., Shlyakhov, V., Ozdamar, E., 1997. Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation. Studies and Reviews, GFCM 68, FAO Rome, 178 pp.
  • Duzgunes, E., Erdogan, N., (2008). Fisheries management in the Black Sea countries. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 181-192.
  • Öztürk, B., Topaloğlu, B., Kıdeys, A., Bat, L., Keskin, Ç., Sezgin, M., Amaha Öztürk, A., Yalciner, A.C., (2013). A proposal for new marine protected areas along the Turkish Black Sea coast. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 19(3): 365˗379.
  • TUIK, (2016). Fishery Statistics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 is retrieved.
  • Limborg, M.T., Pedersen, J.S., Hemmer-Hansen, J., Tomkiewicz, J., Bekkevold, D., (2009). Genetic population structure of European sprat Sprattus sprattus: Differentiation across a steep environmental gradient in a small pelagic fish. Marine Ecology Progress 379: 213-224.
  • Radu, G., Maximov, V., Anton, E., Cristea, M., Țiganov, G., Țoțoiu, A., Spînu, A.D., (2013). State of the fishery resources in the Romanian marine area. Cercetări Marine 43: 268-295.
  • Shlyakhov, V.A., Shlyakhova, O.B., (2011). Dynamics of structure trawl catches of sprat for Ukrainian Black Sea shelf and their impact on natural factors and fishing. Main results integrated studies in the Black Sea region and the world's oceans, Proceedings Yug NIRO pp. 49.
  • Barros, P. (2011). Mediterranean and Black Sea. In: Review of the State of world marine fishery resources. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 569, FAO, Rome, pp. 77-92.
  • SAU, (2016). Sea Around Us. http://www.seaaroundus.org/ is retrieved.
  • Daskalov, G., (1998). Using abundance indices and fishing effort data to tune catch-at-age analyses of sprat Sprattus sprattus L.,whiting Merlangius merlangus L. and spiny dogfish Squalus acanthías L. in the Black Sea. CIHEAM - Options Medi-terraneennes 35: 215-228.
  • Shiganova, T.A., Bulgakova, Y.V., (2000). Effects of gelatinous plankton on Black Sea and Sea of Azov fish and their food resources. ICES J Mar Sci 57: 641– 648.
  • Daskalov, G.M., (2002). Overfishing drives a trophic cascade in the Black Sea. Marine Ecology -Progress Series 225: 53-63.
  • Daskalov, G.M., Grishin, A.N., Rodionov, S., Mihneva, V., (2007). Trophic cascades triggered by overfishing reveal possible mechanisms of ecosystem regime shifts. PNAS 104 (25): 10518-10523.
  • European Commission, (2013). Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 2013 Assessment of Black Sea stocks (STECF 13-20). Publications Office of the European Union, p. 429, Luxembourg, EUR 25309 EN, JRC 85367.
  • Özdamar, E., Aral, O., 1995. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Balık Unu Fabrikalarında 1994-1995 Av Sezonunda İşlenen Balıkların Kompozisyonunun İncelenmesi, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi I. (1993) ve II. (1995) Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, pp. 691-703, Erzurum.
  • Zengin, M., Düzgüneş, E., Dinçer, A.C., Mutlu, C., Bahar, M., Tabak, İ. 2002. Karadeniz’de orta su trolünün kullanım olanakları ve av verimliliğinin araştırılması. Tagem/Haysud/1998/17/03/007 Proje Sonuç Raporu. p. 130, Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Trabzon.
  • Zengin, M., Gümüş, A., Süer, S., Dağtekin, M., Dalgıç, G. 2011. Karadeniz’deki Trol Balıkçılığını İzleme Projesi, Ara Rapor. Trabzon Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (Proje No: 373), TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2010/09/01/04. TAGEM 2011 Yılı Program Değerlendirme Toplantısı, 7-11 Şubat, 2011, Antalya.
  • RG, (2016). 4/1 numaralı ticari amaçlı su ürünleri avcılığının düzenlenmesi hakkında tebliğ. Resmi Gazete, Tebliğ no: 2016/35, Tarih: 13.08.2016, Sayı: 29800.http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler//2016/08/20160813-17.pdf is retrieved.

Comparatively Evaluation of the Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) Fisheries in the Whole of the Black Sea and in the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 52 - 62, 12.11.2018

İsmet Balık

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparatively the sprat (Sprattus sprattus) fisheries in the whole of the Black Sea and in the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. With this aim, the prior studies on the sprat fisheries conducted from 1970 to recent years in the Black Sea and Turkish coast of Turkey were examined. Especially changes in annual catch amounts and on likely reasons were focused. As a result of evaluating the obtained data, necessary precautions for sustainable fisheries were determined and solution proposals have been presented. Sprat is the second most caught fish species in recent years and an important raw material resource for fish flour and fish oil industry. Especially in the Samsun coast of Turkey, this is target species for commercial pelagic trawl fisheries. Sprat has been caught by Georgia, Russia Federation, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria from the Black Sea since the beginning of 1970s. In Turkey, the first sprat fishing started in 1993 and increased gradually until 2007. Sprat catch increased rapidly from 2008 to 2011 and reached 87.141 tons in 2011 after which a sharp decline occurred (12.092 tons in 2012 and 9.764 tons in 2013). Then, it increased again and reached 41.648 tons in 2014 and 76.996 tons in 2015. Trend of annual catch values showed that there is no stability in the stock of this species in Turkish waters of the Black Sea.

Keywords

Turkish Black Sea coast sprat Sprattus sprattus fishery

References

  • FAO, (2016a). GFCM Capture Production 1970-2014, http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/SQServlet file=/work/FIGIS/prod/webapps/figis/temp/hqp4292544257770521264.xmlandouttype=html is retrieved.
  • Nikolsky, G.V. (1965). The theory of the dynamics of fish stock, Nauka, Moscow.
  • Oguz, T., Akoglu, E., Salihoglu, B., (2012). Current state of overfishing and its regional differences in the Black Sea. Ocean and Coastal Management 58: 47-56.
  • European Commission, (2010). Fisheries in The Black Sea. Directorate General For Internal Policies Policy Department B: Structural And Cohesion Policies Fisheries, pp. 69.
  • Ak, O., Genç, Y. (2012). The Black Sea Fishery. In A. Tokaç, A.C. Gücü and B. Öztürk (Eds.), The state of the Turkish fisheries, pp. 182-213, Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Marine Research Foundation.
  • FAO, (2016b). The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, pp. 135, Rome, Italy.
  • Knudsen, S., Zengin, M., Koçak, M.H., (2010). Identifying drivers for fishing pressure. A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in Samsun, Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean and Coastal Management 53: 252-269.
  • Radu, G., Anton, E., Raykov, V., Yankova, M., Panayotova, M., 2010. Sprat and turbot fisheries in the Bulgarian and Romanian Black Sea areas. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference and Expo SGEM, 20 - 26 June 2010, Albena, Bulgaria.
  • Totoiu, A., Galatchi, M., Danilov, C., Timofte, F., Radu, G., 2016. The state of sprat (Sprattus sprattus, Linnaeus 1758) population in the Romanian marine area, its importance in local economy and as prey for larger fisheries. 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo Conference SGEM 2016, SGEM2016 Conference Proceedings, June 28-July 6, 2016, 3(2): 893-900.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue Volume 7 Clupeoid fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae (FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125), 7(1), Rome.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. (1986). Clupeidae. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.L. Bauchot, J.C. Hureau, J. Neilsen and E. Tortonese (eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume I, UNESCO, pp. 268-281, Paris.
  • Valenzuela, G.S., Vargas, C.A., (2002). Comparative larval growth rate of Sprattus sprattus in relation to physical and biological oceanographic features in the North Sea. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 49(3): 213 230.
  • Araujo, F.G., Williams, W.P., Bailey, R.G., (2000). Fish assemblages as indicators of water quality in the middle Thames Estuary, England (1980-1989). Estuaries 23(3): 305-317.
  • Ivanov, L., Beverton, R.J.H., (1985). The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part two: Black Sea. Etud. Rev. CGPM/Stud. Rev. GFCM. 60: 135.
  • Raykov, V., (2006). From EU25 to EU27. European newsletter of fisheries and environment IEEP, 17: 10-11.
  • Ceylan, V., Emir, M., (2015). Structural and Economic Analysis of Turkish Fishmeal and Fish Oil Industry. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15: 835-844.
  • Prodanov, K., Mikhailov, K., Daskalov, G.M., Maxim, K., Chashchin, A., Arkhipov, A., Shlyakhov, V., Ozdamar, E., 1997. Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation. Studies and Reviews, GFCM 68, FAO Rome, 178 pp.
  • Duzgunes, E., Erdogan, N., (2008). Fisheries management in the Black Sea countries. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 181-192.
  • Öztürk, B., Topaloğlu, B., Kıdeys, A., Bat, L., Keskin, Ç., Sezgin, M., Amaha Öztürk, A., Yalciner, A.C., (2013). A proposal for new marine protected areas along the Turkish Black Sea coast. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 19(3): 365˗379.
  • TUIK, (2016). Fishery Statistics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 is retrieved.
  • Limborg, M.T., Pedersen, J.S., Hemmer-Hansen, J., Tomkiewicz, J., Bekkevold, D., (2009). Genetic population structure of European sprat Sprattus sprattus: Differentiation across a steep environmental gradient in a small pelagic fish. Marine Ecology Progress 379: 213-224.
  • Radu, G., Maximov, V., Anton, E., Cristea, M., Țiganov, G., Țoțoiu, A., Spînu, A.D., (2013). State of the fishery resources in the Romanian marine area. Cercetări Marine 43: 268-295.
  • Shlyakhov, V.A., Shlyakhova, O.B., (2011). Dynamics of structure trawl catches of sprat for Ukrainian Black Sea shelf and their impact on natural factors and fishing. Main results integrated studies in the Black Sea region and the world's oceans, Proceedings Yug NIRO pp. 49.
  • Barros, P. (2011). Mediterranean and Black Sea. In: Review of the State of world marine fishery resources. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 569, FAO, Rome, pp. 77-92.
  • SAU, (2016). Sea Around Us. http://www.seaaroundus.org/ is retrieved.
  • Daskalov, G., (1998). Using abundance indices and fishing effort data to tune catch-at-age analyses of sprat Sprattus sprattus L.,whiting Merlangius merlangus L. and spiny dogfish Squalus acanthías L. in the Black Sea. CIHEAM - Options Medi-terraneennes 35: 215-228.
  • Shiganova, T.A., Bulgakova, Y.V., (2000). Effects of gelatinous plankton on Black Sea and Sea of Azov fish and their food resources. ICES J Mar Sci 57: 641– 648.
  • Daskalov, G.M., (2002). Overfishing drives a trophic cascade in the Black Sea. Marine Ecology -Progress Series 225: 53-63.
  • Daskalov, G.M., Grishin, A.N., Rodionov, S., Mihneva, V., (2007). Trophic cascades triggered by overfishing reveal possible mechanisms of ecosystem regime shifts. PNAS 104 (25): 10518-10523.
  • European Commission, (2013). Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 2013 Assessment of Black Sea stocks (STECF 13-20). Publications Office of the European Union, p. 429, Luxembourg, EUR 25309 EN, JRC 85367.
  • Özdamar, E., Aral, O., 1995. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Balık Unu Fabrikalarında 1994-1995 Av Sezonunda İşlenen Balıkların Kompozisyonunun İncelenmesi, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi I. (1993) ve II. (1995) Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, pp. 691-703, Erzurum.
  • Zengin, M., Düzgüneş, E., Dinçer, A.C., Mutlu, C., Bahar, M., Tabak, İ. 2002. Karadeniz’de orta su trolünün kullanım olanakları ve av verimliliğinin araştırılması. Tagem/Haysud/1998/17/03/007 Proje Sonuç Raporu. p. 130, Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Trabzon.
  • Zengin, M., Gümüş, A., Süer, S., Dağtekin, M., Dalgıç, G. 2011. Karadeniz’deki Trol Balıkçılığını İzleme Projesi, Ara Rapor. Trabzon Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (Proje No: 373), TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2010/09/01/04. TAGEM 2011 Yılı Program Değerlendirme Toplantısı, 7-11 Şubat, 2011, Antalya.
  • RG, (2016). 4/1 numaralı ticari amaçlı su ürünleri avcılığının düzenlenmesi hakkında tebliğ. Resmi Gazete, Tebliğ no: 2016/35, Tarih: 13.08.2016, Sayı: 29800.http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler//2016/08/20160813-17.pdf is retrieved.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İsmet Balık

Publication Date November 12, 2018
Submission Date January 11, 2018
Acceptance Date November 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Balık, İ. (2018). Comparatively Evaluation of the Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) Fisheries in the Whole of the Black Sea and in the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 4(1), 52-62.

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