Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 123 - 128, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1343189

Abstract

References

  • Aslan V. Calf diarrhea and its treatments, neonatal calf losses symposium. Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Konya, Turkey, 59-69, 1986.
  • Collery P, Bradley J, Fagan J, Jones P, Redehan E, Weavers E. Causes of perinatal calf mortality in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal. 1996; 49: 491-496.
  • Poulsen KP, McGuirk SM. Respiratory disease of the bovine neonate. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2009; 25: 121-137.
  • Al Mawly J, Grinberg A, Prattley D, Moffat J, French N. Prevalence of endemic enteropathogens of calves in New Zealand dairy farms. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 2015; 63: 147-152.
  • Kaske M. Physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and pathophysiological changes in neonatal diarrhea of calves. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift. 1993; 100: 434-439.
  • Mercmanual [Internet]. Diarrhea in neonatal ruminants; 2022 [Cited: January, 2022]. Available from: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/intestinal-diseases-in ruminants/diarrhea-in-neonatal-ruminants
  • Taylor JA. Leukocyte responsees in ruminants. In: Bernart FF, Joseph GZ, Nemi CJ. Editors. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2000. P. 391-400.
  • Uzlu E, Karapehlivan M, Çitil M, Gökçe E, Erdoğan HM. Investigation of serum sialic acid and some biochemical parameters in calf with diarrhea symptoms. YYÜ Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 21: 83-86.
  • Rincon M. Interleukin-6: From an inflammatory marker to a target for inflammatory diseases. Trends Immunology. 2012; 33: 571-577.
  • Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2014; 2: 1-17.
  • Mauer J, Denson JL, Bruning JC. Versatile functions for IL-6 in metabolism and cancer. Trends Immunology. 2015; 36: 92-101.
  • Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. (2011) The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2011; 1813: 878-888.
  • Ishıkawa Y, Nakada K, Hagıwara K, Kırısawa R, Iwaı H, Morıyoshı M, Sawamukaı Y. Changes in interleukin-6 concentration in peripheral blood of pre- and post-partum dairy cattle and its relationship to postpartum reproductive diseases. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2004; 66: 1403-1408.
  • Nakajima Y, Mikami O, Yoshioka M, Motoi Y, Ito T, Ishikawa Y, Fuse M, Nakano K, Yasukawa K. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities in the sera and milk of cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis. Research in Veterinary Science. 1997; 62: 297-298.
  • Sakemi Y, Tamura Y, Hagiwara K. Interleukin-6 in quarter milk as a further prediction marker for bovine subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research. 2011; 78: 118-121.
  • Albayrak H, Kabu M. Determining serum haptoglobin and cytokine concentrations in diarrheic calves. FÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi. 2016; 30: 113-117.
  • Fischer S, Bauerfeind R, Czerny CP, Neumann S. Serum interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in neonatal calf diarrhea. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016; 99: 6563-6571.
  • Walker PG, Constable PD, Morin DE, Drackley JK, Foreman JH, Thurmon JC. A reliable, practical, and economical protocol for inducing diarrhea and severe dehydration in the neonatal calf. Canadian Veterinary Research. 1998; 62: 205-213.
  • Picco NY, Alustiza FE, Bellingeri RV, Grosso MC, Motta CE, Larriestra AJ, Vissio C, Tiranti KI, Terzolo HR, Moreira AR, Vivas AB. Molecular screening of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy neonatal calves in Cordoba province, Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiología. 2015; 47: 95-102.
  • Fisher DT, Michelle M, Appenheimer S, Evans S. The two faces of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment. Seminars in Immunology. 2014; 26: 38-47.
  • Kasa A, Tulu D, Negera C. Review of common bacterial cause and management of neonatal calf diarrhea in cattle. International Journal of Microbiology Research. 2020; 11: 98-104.
  • Kongsted H, Jonach B, Haugegaard S, Angen O, Jorsal SE, Kokotovic B, Larsen L, Jensen TK, Nielsen JP. Microbiological, pathological and histological findings in four Danish pig herds affected by a new neonatal diarrhoea syndrome. BMC Veterinary Research. 2013; 9: 206.
  • Sahal M, Terzi OS, Ceylan E, Kara E. Calf Diarrhea and Prevention Methods. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2018; 58: 41-49.
  • Fecteau G, Pare J, Van Metre DC, Smith BP, Holmberg CA, Guterbock W, Jang S. Use of a clinical sepsis score for predicting bacteremia in neonatal dairy calves on a calf rearing farm. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 1997; 38: 101-104.
  • Lofstedt J, Dohoo IR, Duizer G. Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 1999; 13: 81-88.
  • Brar A, Ahuja CS, Sood NK, Sandhu BS, Gupta K. Haematological changes in neonatal diarrheic calves of different age groups. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology. 2015; 39: 73-77.
  • Brar TK, Singh KD, Kumar A. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on heart rate variability (HRV). Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research. 2015; 9: 1-4.
  • Günes V, Unver A, Citil M, Erdoğan HM. The prevalance of Escherichia coli O157 serotype and Clostridium perfringens type A α-toxin in neonatal diarrhoeic calves in Kars disrict. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004; 10: 41-45.
  • Seifi HA, Mohri M, Shoorei E, Farzaneh N. Using haematological and serum biochemical findings as prognostic indicators in calf diarrhoea. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2006; 15: 143-147.
  • Sentürk S. Fluid therapy in diarrheic calves. Journal of Faculty Veterinary Medicine. 2001; 20: 161-167.
  • Atcalı T, Yıldız R. The effects of different factors on hemogram parameters on neonatal calves with diarrhea. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute. 2020; 8: 119-127.
  • Barua SR, Rakib TM, Das S, Masuduszaman M, Hossain MA. Haematological and serological changes in neonatal diarrheic calves infected with bovine rotavirus. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science. 2018; 2: 356-366.
  • Hirano T. IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. International Immunology. 2021; 33: 127-148.
  • Song M, Kellum JA. Interleukin-6. Critical Care Medicine. 2005; 33: 463-465.
  • Schüttler J, Neumann S. Interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in dogs in an intensive care unit. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2015; 44: 223-228.
  • Martiny P, Goggs R. Biomarker guided diagnosis of septic peritonitis in dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2019; 6: 208.
  • Goddard A, Leisewitz AL, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Kristensen AT, Schoeman JP. Excessive pro-inflammatory serum cytokine concentrations in virulent canine babesiosis. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(3): e0150113.
  • Neumann S, Kaup FJ, Scheulen S. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations in dogs with hepatitis and hepatic tumours compared with those with extra-hepatic inflammation and tumours. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2012; 21: 539-544.
  • Troia R, Mascalzoni G, Agnoli C, Lalonde-Paul D, Giunti M, Goggs R. Cytokine and chemokine profiling in cats with sepsis and septic shock. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7: 305.
  • Parys M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Kruger JM. Serum cytokine profiling in cats with acute idiopathic cystitis. Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2018; 32: 274-279.
  • Goitsuka R, Ohashi T, Ono K, Yasukawa K, Koishibara Y, Fukui H, Ohsugi Y, Hasegawa A. IL-6 activity in feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Immunology. 1990; 144: 2599-25603.
  • Krzysztof M, Katarzyna B, Nezir Yaşar T, Agnieszka S, Jakub N. The activity of IL-6 and TNF-α in adipose tissue and peripheral blood in horses suffering from equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014; 20: 493-499.
  • Witkowska-Pilaszewic O, Baska P, Czopowicz M, Zmigrodzka M, Szarska E, Szczepaniak J, Nowak Z, Winnicka A, Cywinska A. Anti-inflammatory state in Arabian Horses introduced to the endurance training. Animals. 2019; 9: 616.
  • Barton MH, Chrysann C. Tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin-6 activity and endotoxin concentration in peritoneal fluid and blood of horses with acute abdominal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 1999; 13: 457-464.
  • Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Stenfeldt C, O’Hearn ES, Pacheco JM, Borca MV, Verdugo Rodriguez A, Arzt J, Rodriguez JJ. Increased virulence of an epidemic strain of vesicular stomatitis virus is associated with interference of the innate response in pigs. Frontiers Microbiology. 2018; 9: 1891.
  • Kirbas A, Karakus E, Ozkanlar S, Gedikli S, Hanedan B, Topcu A, Bayraktutan Z. Comparative efficacy of the steroids administered by inhalation and parenteral route in lambs with experimentally induced endotoxemia. International Journal of Veterinary Science. 2015; 4: 199-205.
  • Brodzki P, Kostro K, Krakowski L, Marczuk J. Inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein concentrations in the peripheral blood and uterine washings of cows with subclinical endometritis in the late postpartum period. Veterinary Research Communications. 2015; 39: 143-149.
  • Sevimli K, Kuş FS. Acute-phase proteins and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cattle infected with subclinical parasitic infections. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2015; 43: 1271.
  • Carroll JA, Arthington JD, Chase CC. Early weaning alters the acute-phase reaction to an endotoxin challenge in beef calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2009; 87: 4167-4172.
  • Kırbas A, Kandemir FM, Celebi D, Hanedan B, Timurkan MO. The use of inflammatory markers as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in neonatal calves with septicaemia. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2019; 67: 360-376.
  • Moreland LW, Scott SW, Schiff MH, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Weaver AL, Ettlinger RE, Cohen S, Kopman WJ, Mohler K, Widmer MB, Blosch CM. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human TNF receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997; 337: 141-147.

A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 123 - 128, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1343189

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between clinical course and serum IL-6 level in neonatal calves with diarrhea. The study material consisted of 40 calves in the neonatal period. The calves were divided into 4 groups: group I (healthy, control, n=10), group II (with mild diarrhea, n=10), group III (with moderate diarrhea, n=10) and group IV (with severe diarrhea, n=10). The breed, age, sex and clinical findings of the calves were recorded. Etiological analysis was performed on stool samples taken from calves. Haematological analyzes were performed on the blood samples taken and serum IL-6 levels were determined using the ELISA test kit. WBC and NEU numbers of calves with diarrhea in group II, group III and group IV were found to be numerically higher than healthy calves in group I (P˃0.05). Calves in group II (239.76±11.05), group III (293±48.7) and group IV (300±25.06) had higher serum IL-6 levels than calves in group I (211.58±10.07) (P˂ 0.01). While IL-6 levels of group IV were higher than group III (P˃0.05), IL-6 levels of group III and IV were higher than group II (P˂0.01). According to the data obtained from this study, it was concluded that serum IL-6 is an important marker that can be used in the follow-up of the disease in diarrheic neonatal calves.

References

  • Aslan V. Calf diarrhea and its treatments, neonatal calf losses symposium. Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Konya, Turkey, 59-69, 1986.
  • Collery P, Bradley J, Fagan J, Jones P, Redehan E, Weavers E. Causes of perinatal calf mortality in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal. 1996; 49: 491-496.
  • Poulsen KP, McGuirk SM. Respiratory disease of the bovine neonate. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2009; 25: 121-137.
  • Al Mawly J, Grinberg A, Prattley D, Moffat J, French N. Prevalence of endemic enteropathogens of calves in New Zealand dairy farms. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 2015; 63: 147-152.
  • Kaske M. Physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and pathophysiological changes in neonatal diarrhea of calves. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift. 1993; 100: 434-439.
  • Mercmanual [Internet]. Diarrhea in neonatal ruminants; 2022 [Cited: January, 2022]. Available from: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/intestinal-diseases-in ruminants/diarrhea-in-neonatal-ruminants
  • Taylor JA. Leukocyte responsees in ruminants. In: Bernart FF, Joseph GZ, Nemi CJ. Editors. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2000. P. 391-400.
  • Uzlu E, Karapehlivan M, Çitil M, Gökçe E, Erdoğan HM. Investigation of serum sialic acid and some biochemical parameters in calf with diarrhea symptoms. YYÜ Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 21: 83-86.
  • Rincon M. Interleukin-6: From an inflammatory marker to a target for inflammatory diseases. Trends Immunology. 2012; 33: 571-577.
  • Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2014; 2: 1-17.
  • Mauer J, Denson JL, Bruning JC. Versatile functions for IL-6 in metabolism and cancer. Trends Immunology. 2015; 36: 92-101.
  • Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. (2011) The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2011; 1813: 878-888.
  • Ishıkawa Y, Nakada K, Hagıwara K, Kırısawa R, Iwaı H, Morıyoshı M, Sawamukaı Y. Changes in interleukin-6 concentration in peripheral blood of pre- and post-partum dairy cattle and its relationship to postpartum reproductive diseases. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2004; 66: 1403-1408.
  • Nakajima Y, Mikami O, Yoshioka M, Motoi Y, Ito T, Ishikawa Y, Fuse M, Nakano K, Yasukawa K. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities in the sera and milk of cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis. Research in Veterinary Science. 1997; 62: 297-298.
  • Sakemi Y, Tamura Y, Hagiwara K. Interleukin-6 in quarter milk as a further prediction marker for bovine subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research. 2011; 78: 118-121.
  • Albayrak H, Kabu M. Determining serum haptoglobin and cytokine concentrations in diarrheic calves. FÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi. 2016; 30: 113-117.
  • Fischer S, Bauerfeind R, Czerny CP, Neumann S. Serum interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in neonatal calf diarrhea. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016; 99: 6563-6571.
  • Walker PG, Constable PD, Morin DE, Drackley JK, Foreman JH, Thurmon JC. A reliable, practical, and economical protocol for inducing diarrhea and severe dehydration in the neonatal calf. Canadian Veterinary Research. 1998; 62: 205-213.
  • Picco NY, Alustiza FE, Bellingeri RV, Grosso MC, Motta CE, Larriestra AJ, Vissio C, Tiranti KI, Terzolo HR, Moreira AR, Vivas AB. Molecular screening of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy neonatal calves in Cordoba province, Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiología. 2015; 47: 95-102.
  • Fisher DT, Michelle M, Appenheimer S, Evans S. The two faces of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment. Seminars in Immunology. 2014; 26: 38-47.
  • Kasa A, Tulu D, Negera C. Review of common bacterial cause and management of neonatal calf diarrhea in cattle. International Journal of Microbiology Research. 2020; 11: 98-104.
  • Kongsted H, Jonach B, Haugegaard S, Angen O, Jorsal SE, Kokotovic B, Larsen L, Jensen TK, Nielsen JP. Microbiological, pathological and histological findings in four Danish pig herds affected by a new neonatal diarrhoea syndrome. BMC Veterinary Research. 2013; 9: 206.
  • Sahal M, Terzi OS, Ceylan E, Kara E. Calf Diarrhea and Prevention Methods. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2018; 58: 41-49.
  • Fecteau G, Pare J, Van Metre DC, Smith BP, Holmberg CA, Guterbock W, Jang S. Use of a clinical sepsis score for predicting bacteremia in neonatal dairy calves on a calf rearing farm. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 1997; 38: 101-104.
  • Lofstedt J, Dohoo IR, Duizer G. Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 1999; 13: 81-88.
  • Brar A, Ahuja CS, Sood NK, Sandhu BS, Gupta K. Haematological changes in neonatal diarrheic calves of different age groups. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology. 2015; 39: 73-77.
  • Brar TK, Singh KD, Kumar A. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on heart rate variability (HRV). Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research. 2015; 9: 1-4.
  • Günes V, Unver A, Citil M, Erdoğan HM. The prevalance of Escherichia coli O157 serotype and Clostridium perfringens type A α-toxin in neonatal diarrhoeic calves in Kars disrict. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004; 10: 41-45.
  • Seifi HA, Mohri M, Shoorei E, Farzaneh N. Using haematological and serum biochemical findings as prognostic indicators in calf diarrhoea. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2006; 15: 143-147.
  • Sentürk S. Fluid therapy in diarrheic calves. Journal of Faculty Veterinary Medicine. 2001; 20: 161-167.
  • Atcalı T, Yıldız R. The effects of different factors on hemogram parameters on neonatal calves with diarrhea. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute. 2020; 8: 119-127.
  • Barua SR, Rakib TM, Das S, Masuduszaman M, Hossain MA. Haematological and serological changes in neonatal diarrheic calves infected with bovine rotavirus. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science. 2018; 2: 356-366.
  • Hirano T. IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. International Immunology. 2021; 33: 127-148.
  • Song M, Kellum JA. Interleukin-6. Critical Care Medicine. 2005; 33: 463-465.
  • Schüttler J, Neumann S. Interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in dogs in an intensive care unit. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2015; 44: 223-228.
  • Martiny P, Goggs R. Biomarker guided diagnosis of septic peritonitis in dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2019; 6: 208.
  • Goddard A, Leisewitz AL, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Kristensen AT, Schoeman JP. Excessive pro-inflammatory serum cytokine concentrations in virulent canine babesiosis. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(3): e0150113.
  • Neumann S, Kaup FJ, Scheulen S. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations in dogs with hepatitis and hepatic tumours compared with those with extra-hepatic inflammation and tumours. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2012; 21: 539-544.
  • Troia R, Mascalzoni G, Agnoli C, Lalonde-Paul D, Giunti M, Goggs R. Cytokine and chemokine profiling in cats with sepsis and septic shock. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7: 305.
  • Parys M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Kruger JM. Serum cytokine profiling in cats with acute idiopathic cystitis. Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2018; 32: 274-279.
  • Goitsuka R, Ohashi T, Ono K, Yasukawa K, Koishibara Y, Fukui H, Ohsugi Y, Hasegawa A. IL-6 activity in feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Immunology. 1990; 144: 2599-25603.
  • Krzysztof M, Katarzyna B, Nezir Yaşar T, Agnieszka S, Jakub N. The activity of IL-6 and TNF-α in adipose tissue and peripheral blood in horses suffering from equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014; 20: 493-499.
  • Witkowska-Pilaszewic O, Baska P, Czopowicz M, Zmigrodzka M, Szarska E, Szczepaniak J, Nowak Z, Winnicka A, Cywinska A. Anti-inflammatory state in Arabian Horses introduced to the endurance training. Animals. 2019; 9: 616.
  • Barton MH, Chrysann C. Tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin-6 activity and endotoxin concentration in peritoneal fluid and blood of horses with acute abdominal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 1999; 13: 457-464.
  • Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Stenfeldt C, O’Hearn ES, Pacheco JM, Borca MV, Verdugo Rodriguez A, Arzt J, Rodriguez JJ. Increased virulence of an epidemic strain of vesicular stomatitis virus is associated with interference of the innate response in pigs. Frontiers Microbiology. 2018; 9: 1891.
  • Kirbas A, Karakus E, Ozkanlar S, Gedikli S, Hanedan B, Topcu A, Bayraktutan Z. Comparative efficacy of the steroids administered by inhalation and parenteral route in lambs with experimentally induced endotoxemia. International Journal of Veterinary Science. 2015; 4: 199-205.
  • Brodzki P, Kostro K, Krakowski L, Marczuk J. Inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein concentrations in the peripheral blood and uterine washings of cows with subclinical endometritis in the late postpartum period. Veterinary Research Communications. 2015; 39: 143-149.
  • Sevimli K, Kuş FS. Acute-phase proteins and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cattle infected with subclinical parasitic infections. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2015; 43: 1271.
  • Carroll JA, Arthington JD, Chase CC. Early weaning alters the acute-phase reaction to an endotoxin challenge in beef calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2009; 87: 4167-4172.
  • Kırbas A, Kandemir FM, Celebi D, Hanedan B, Timurkan MO. The use of inflammatory markers as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in neonatal calves with septicaemia. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2019; 67: 360-376.
  • Moreland LW, Scott SW, Schiff MH, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Weaver AL, Ettlinger RE, Cohen S, Kopman WJ, Mohler K, Widmer MB, Blosch CM. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human TNF receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997; 337: 141-147.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

M. Sinan Aktaş 0000-0002-7206-5757

Early Pub Date December 28, 2023
Publication Date December 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aktaş, M. S. (2023). A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 12(4), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1343189
AMA Aktaş MS. A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea. TJNS. December 2023;12(4):123-128. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1343189
Chicago Aktaş, M. Sinan. “A Study on the Relationship Between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhoea”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 12, no. 4 (December 2023): 123-28. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1343189.
EndNote Aktaş MS (December 1, 2023) A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 12 4 123–128.
IEEE M. S. Aktaş, “A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea”, TJNS, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 123–128, 2023, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1343189.
ISNAD Aktaş, M. Sinan. “A Study on the Relationship Between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhoea”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 12/4 (December 2023), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1343189.
JAMA Aktaş MS. A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea. TJNS. 2023;12:123–128.
MLA Aktaş, M. Sinan. “A Study on the Relationship Between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhoea”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 4, 2023, pp. 123-8, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1343189.
Vancouver Aktaş MS. A Study on the Relationship between Clinical Course and Serum IL-6 Level in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhoea. TJNS. 2023;12(4):123-8.

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