COVID-19 Aşı Tereddütü Nedenleri ve Aşı Kararını Olumlu Yönde Değiştirmede Etkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Son yıllarda, sosyal medyanın da etkisiyle artan aşı karşıtlığı, pandemi mücadelesinin en önemli basamağı olan kitlesel aşılama kampanyasına olumsuz etki etmektedir. Aşı kararsızlığını gidermek ve aşılama oranlarını artırmak için yapılması gereken toplumsal farkındalık çalışmalarında kullanılmak üzere bu alanda verilere ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmamızda COVID-19 aşısı yaptırmayacağını bildirenlerin oranını belirlemek, aşı olmama sebeplerini tespit etmek, olumlu yönde kararlarını değiştiren bireylerde buna etkili faktörleri ortaya koymak ve böylece ilerleyen süreçte, aşı karşıtlığının azaltılması çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, ilk aşılanma programına alınan sağlık çalışanlarında, dijital anket yöntemi ile iki aşamada yapılmıştır. İlk aşama aşılamadan 3 gün önce, ikinci aşama aşılamadan 1 ay sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 223 sağlık çalışanı dâhil edildi. İlk ankette ‘aşı olacağım’ diyenlerin oranı %57 idi. İkinci ankette ise aşı olmayacağını bildiren 34 katılımcı kararını değiştirerek aşı olmuştu. Aşı yaptırmama kararına en etkili faktörler olarak, ‘aşı hakkında yeterli kanıtların olduğunu düşünmüyorum’ ve ‘aşının yan etkisinden korkuyorum’ seçenekleri belirtilmişti. Kararını olumlu yönde değiştirenlere en etkili faktörler ise çevrenin etkisi ve güvenli olduğunun görülmesi olarak belirlendi. COVID-19 hastalığı geçirme durumu, COVID-19 hastaları bakılan birimlerde çalışma durumu ile aşı olma kararı arasında ilişki yoktu. COVID-19’dan korkma durumu ve aşının işe yarayacağına olan inanç ile aşı olma kararı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak aşı kararsızlığını gidermede, aşıların güvenilirliği, etkililiği, yan etki oranlarının yok denecek kadar az olduğu konusunda bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinin yapılmasının aşılanma oranlarını artırmada önemli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
yok
References
- WHO. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. /Accessed July 10, 2022).
- WHO. World Health Organization. Vaccines and immunization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_14 (Accessed July 10, 2022).
- Pullan S, Dey M. Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination in the time of COVID-19: A Google Trends analysis. Vaccine. 2021; 39(14): 1877-81.
- Robinson E, Jones A, Lesser I, Daly M. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine. 2021; 39(15): 2024-34.
- Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DM, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014; 32(19): 2150-9.
- World Health Organization. Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/SAGE_working_group_revised_report_vaccine_hesitancy.pdf (Accessed July 10, 2022)
- Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et al; SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015; 33(34): 4165-75.
- Ipsos report. https://www.ipsos.com/tr-tr/koronaviruse-karsi-asi-yaptirma-egilimi-yukseliste (Accessed July 10, 2022)
- Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020; 14(12): e0008961.
- Lucia VC, Kelekar A, Afonso NM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021; 43(3): 445-9.
- Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M, Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020; 35(8): 775-9.
- Kuter BJ, Browne S, Momplaisir FM, Feemster KA, Shen AK, Green-McKenzie J, et al. Perspectives on the receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine: A survey of employees in two large hospitals in Philadelphia. Vaccine. 2021; 39(12): 1693-700.
- Kraut A, Graff L, McLean D. Behavioral change with influenza vaccination: factors influencing increased uptake of the pandemic H1N1 versus seasonal influenza vaccine in health care personnel. Vaccine. 2011; 29(46): 8357-63.
Causes of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitations and Investigation of Effective Factors in Changing Vaccine Decision Positively
Abstract
Aim: In recent years, the increasing anti-vaccination with the effect of social media has a negative effect on the mass vaccination campaign, which is the most important step of the pandemic struggle. In our study, it was aimed to determine the rate of those who declared that they would not have COVID-19 vaccine, to determine the reasons for not being vaccinated, to reveal the factors affecting this in individuals who changed their decision positively, and thus to contribute to the efforts to reduce vaccine opposition in the future.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted in two stages with a digital questionnaire method on healthcare workers who were included in the first vaccination program. The first stage was carried out 3 days before vaccination and the second stage 1 month after vaccination.
Results: 223 healthcare workers were included in the study. The rate of those who said 'I will be vaccinated' in the first survey was 57%. In the second survey, 34 participants who declared that they would not be vaccinated were vaccinated by changing their decision. The most influential factors in the decision not to vaccinate were "I do not think there is sufficient evidence about the vaccine" and "I fear the side effects of the vaccine". The most effective factors for those who positively changed their decision were determined as the influence of the environment and the perception that it was safe. The fear of COVID-19 and the belief that the vaccine will work were found effective in the positive decision to be vaccinated.
Conclusion: As a result, it has been concluded that informing activities about the reliability, effectiveness and low side effect rates of vaccines are important in eliminating vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccination rates.
Keywords
References
- WHO. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. /Accessed July 10, 2022).
- WHO. World Health Organization. Vaccines and immunization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_14 (Accessed July 10, 2022).
- Pullan S, Dey M. Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination in the time of COVID-19: A Google Trends analysis. Vaccine. 2021; 39(14): 1877-81.
- Robinson E, Jones A, Lesser I, Daly M. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine. 2021; 39(15): 2024-34.
- Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DM, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014; 32(19): 2150-9.
- World Health Organization. Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/SAGE_working_group_revised_report_vaccine_hesitancy.pdf (Accessed July 10, 2022)
- Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et al; SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015; 33(34): 4165-75.
- Ipsos report. https://www.ipsos.com/tr-tr/koronaviruse-karsi-asi-yaptirma-egilimi-yukseliste (Accessed July 10, 2022)
- Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020; 14(12): e0008961.
- Lucia VC, Kelekar A, Afonso NM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021; 43(3): 445-9.
- Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M, Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020; 35(8): 775-9.
- Kuter BJ, Browne S, Momplaisir FM, Feemster KA, Shen AK, Green-McKenzie J, et al. Perspectives on the receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine: A survey of employees in two large hospitals in Philadelphia. Vaccine. 2021; 39(12): 1693-700.
- Kraut A, Graff L, McLean D. Behavioral change with influenza vaccination: factors influencing increased uptake of the pandemic H1N1 versus seasonal influenza vaccine in health care personnel. Vaccine. 2011; 29(46): 8357-63.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 16, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 23, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
