Research Article
The Relationship between Anxiety and Clinical Performance Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students in the Distance Education Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between anxiety and clinical performance self-efficacy perception in nursing students during the distance education period of the COVID-19 pandemic process.
Material and Methods: This study was performed as a descriptive-cross sectional. The sample of the study consisted of 453 undergraduate nursing students studying at a university. Clinical Performance Self-Efficacy Scale and Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Parametric (independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA-Tukey's HSD for differences between groups) and non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test, Bonferroni test for subgroup comparisons when significance is found in more than two independent group comparisons and Mann–Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons) were used in the analyses. and Spearman correlation coefficient was used for the correlation between variables.
Results: The average age of the students participating in the research is 21.47±1.92, 68.7% are female, 36.90% are in the second grade, 9.70% are diagnosed with COVID-19, 61.60% are afraid of getting COVID-19, 75.10% stated that they took adequate precautions to protect against COVID-19, and 45.30% stated that they lost a relative due to COVID-19. It was observed that 57.0% of the students had a high level of anxiety according to the State Anxiety Sub-Scale, 71.1% had a high level of anxiety according to the Trait Anxiety Sub-Scale, and the perception of clinical performance self-efficacy was moderate. There is a negative significant relationship between students' perception of state-trait anxiety and clinical performance self-efficacy (r= -0.245; p<0.001).
Conclusion: It has been suggested that nursing educators support students to reduce students' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, make up for the development of clinical self-efficacy perception, and prepare different practice environments.
Project Number
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References
- Orcanli K, Bekmezci M. Determining university students’ perceptions about distance education ın Covid-19 pandemic and its relationship with some demographic variables. Int J Econ Adm Sci. 2020; 6(2): 88-108.
- Agu CF, Stewart J, McFarlane-Stewart N, Rae T. COVID-19 pandemic effects on nursing education: looking through the lens of a developing country. Int Nurs Rev. 2021; 68(2): 153-8.
- Dewart G, Corcoran L, Thirsk L, Petrovic K. Nursing education in a pandemic: academic challenges in response to COVID-19. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;92(104471):1–2.
- Eren D, Altug Ozsoy S. A Strategy to strengthen nursing in a globalized world: advocacy. J Educ Res Nurs. 2021; 18(1): 65-71.
- Süral İ. Açık ve uzaktan öğrenmede teknolojik altyapının oluşturulması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015; 1(4): 81-95.
- Gürer MD, Tekinarslan E, Yavuzalp N. Çevrimiçi ders veren öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki görüşleri. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 2016; 7(1): 47-78.
- Sayan H. Assessment of faculty members’ views on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. AJIT-e Online Acad J Inf Technol. 2020; 11(42): 100-22.
- Regmi K, Jones L, Sundarasen S, Chinna K, Kamaludin K, Nurunnabi M, et al. Psychological impact of Covid-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: Implications and policy recommendations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 20(1): 1-13.
- Wallace S, Schuler MS, Kaulback M, Hunt K, Baker M. Nursing student experiences of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Forum. 2021; 56(3): 612-8.
- Chernomas WM, Shapiro C. Stress, depression, & anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2013; 10(1): 255-66.
- Akkaya G, Babacan Gümüş A, Akkuş Y. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eğitim stresini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2018; 15(4): 202-8.
- Sancar B, Yalcin AS, Acikgoz I. An examination of anxiety levels of nursing students caring for patients in terminal period. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2018; 34(1): 94-9.
- John B, Al-Sawad M. Perceived stress in clinical areas and emotional intelligence among baccalaureate nursing students. J Indian Acad Appl Psychol. 2015; 41(Special Issue 3): 75-84.
- Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020; 46(1): 1-8.
- Aslan H, Pekince H. Nursing students’ views on the COVID-19 pandemic and their percieved stress levels. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021; 57(2): 695-701.
- Fitzgerald A, Konrad S. Transition in learning during COVID‐19: student nurse anxiety, stress, and resource support. Nurs Forum. 2021; 56: 298-304.
- Thapa P, LataBhandari S, Pathak S. Nursing students’ attitude on the practice of e-learning:a cross-sectional survey amid COVID-19 in Nepal. PLoS One. 2021; 16(6): 1-17.
- Sanad HM. Stress and Anxiety among junior nursing students during the ınitial clinical training : a descriptive study at college of health sciences, University of Bahrain. Am J Nurs Res. 2019; 7(6): 995-9.
- Rafati F, Nouhi E, Sabzevari S, Dehghan-Nayeri N. Coping strategies of nursing students for dealing with stress in clinical setting: a qualitative study. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(12): 6120-8.
- George TP, DeCristofaro C, Murphy PF. Self-efficacy and concerns of nursing students regarding clinical experiences. Nurse Educ Today. 2020; 90(2019): 104401.
- Cowen KJ, Hubbard LJ, Hancock DC. Expectations and experiences of nursing students in clinical courses: a descriptive study. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 67: 15-20.
- Citak Bilgin N, Cerit B, Alpteker H. Post-graduate profiles of nursing graduates. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Derg. 2019; 2(6): 130-40.
- Hatzenbuhler NJ, Klein JE. Educational preparation for clinical practice: reflections of newly graduated RNs. Nurse Educ. 2019;44(2):93–7.
- Açıksöz S, Uzun Ş, Arslan F. Assessment of relationship between nursing students’ self-efficacy and levels of their anxiety and stress about clinical practice. Gülhane Tıp Derg. 2016; 58: 129-35.
- Karabacak Ü, Serbest Ş, Kan Öntürk Z, Eti Aslan F, Olgun N. Relationship between student nurses’ self-efficacy and psychomotor skills competence. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013; 19(2): 124-30.
- Ünal S. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayını; 2019. s:61.
- Keskin B. İstatistiksel güç bir araştırmanın sonuçlarına etki eder mi? Örneklem büyüklüğüne nasıl karar verilmeli?.Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 18: 157-74.
- Abbasi S, Ayoob T, Malik A, Memon SI. Perceptions of students regarding e-learning during covid-19 at a private medical college. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2020; 36(COVID-19-S4): 57–61.
- Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287: 112934.
- Kurtuncu M, Kurt A. Problems of nursing students in distance education in the Covid-19 pandemia period. Eurasian J Res Soc Econ. 2020; 7(5): 66-77.
- Cheraghi F, Hassani P, Yaghmaei F, Alavi-Majed H. Developing a valid and reliable self-efficacy in Clinical Performance Scale. Int Nurs Rev. 2009; 56(2): 214-21.
- Pozam M, Zaybak A. Klinik Performansta Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 2016; 32(3): 100-17.
- Öner N, Le, Compte A. Durumluluk-sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Matbaası; 1985.
- Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. STAI manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
- Birimoğlu Okuyan C, Karasu F, Polat F. COVID-19 ’ un hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlık kaygısı düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. Van Med J. 2020; 13(özel sayı): 45-52.
- Husky MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsen JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr Psychiatry. 2020; 102: 152191.
- Otim M, Subu M. Prevalence of generalised anxiety disorders among clinical training students at the university of Sharjah. 2021; 14: 1863-72.
- Türkleş S, Boğahan M, Altundal H, Yaman Z, Yılmaz M. Diaries of nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative descriptive study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(16). 8556.
- Alici NK, Copur EO. Anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 among nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A descriptive correlation study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022; 58(1): 141-8.
- Dalcalı BK, Durgun H, Taş AS. Anxiety levels and sleep quality in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021; 57(4): 1999-2005.
- Serin EK, Doğan R. The Relationship between anxiety and hopelessness levels among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying. 2021; 0(0): 1-21.
- Akman Ö, Yıldırım D, Sarıkaya A. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students’ anxiety levels. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2020; 12(12): 379-97.
- Zhi X, Lu L, Pu Y, Meng Ai, Zhao Y, Cheng F, et al. Investigation and analysis of psychological stress and professional identity of nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Exp Biol. 2020; 58: 426-32.
- Sevinç S, Özdemir S. Relationship between nursing students ’ anxiety and hopelessness: Kilis example. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Derg. 2017; 9557(2): 14-24.
- Baysan Arabacı L, Akın Korhan E, Token Y, Torun R. Nursing students’ anxiety and stress levels and contributed factors before-during and after first clinical placement. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Derg. 2015; 2(1): 1-16.
- Ayaz Alkaya S, Terzi H. Evaluation of professional practice competence of nursing students in the context of ınternships. Kocaeli Med J. 2021; 10(60): 44-9.
- Jamshidi N, Molazem Z, Sharif F, Torabizadeh C, Kalyani MN. The challenges of nursing students in the clinical learning environment : a qualitative study. Hindawi Publ Corp Sci World J. 2016; 2016: 1846178.
- Sun Y, Wang D, Han Z, Gao J, Zhu S, Zhang H. Disease prevention knowledge, anxiety, and professional ıdentity during COVID-19 Pandemic in nursing students in Zhengzhou, China. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2020; 50(4): 533-40.
- Kim MS, Sohn SK. Emotional intelligence, problem solving ability, self efficacy, and clinical performance among nursing students: A structural equation model. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2019; 31(4): 380-8.
- Pozam M, Zaybak A. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik performanslarina ilişkin öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2022; 15(1): 22-9.
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COVID-19 Pandemi Süreci Uzaktan Eğitim Döneminde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Anksiyete ve Klinik Performans Öz-Yeterlilik Algısı İlişkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemi süreci uzaktan eğitim döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinde anksiyete ve klinik performans öz-yeterlilik algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yapıldı. Çalışmanın örneklemini bir üniversitede eğitim gören 453 lisans hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında Klinik Performansta Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Spielberger Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği kullanıldı. Analizlerde parametrik (bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü Anova-gruplar arası farklılıklar için Tukey's HSD) ve parametrik olmayan testler (Kruskal–Wallis testi, İkiden fazla bağımsız grup karşılaştırılmasında anlamlılık bulunduğunda alt grup karşılaştırmaları için Bonferroni testi ve ikili karşılaştırma için Mann–Whitney U testi) ve değişkenler arasındaki korelasyon için Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21,47±1,92, %68,7’si kadın, %36,90’u 2. sınıf, %9,70’si COVID-19 tanısı aldığını, %61,60’sı COVID-19 olmaktan korktuğunu, %75,10’i COVID-19’dan korunma için yeterli önlemleri aldığını, %45,30’ü COVID-19 nedeniyle yakınını kaybettiğini belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin Durumluk Kaygı Alt Ölçeğine göre %57,00’sinde yüksek düzeyde anksiyete olduğu, Süreklik Kaygı Alt Ölçeğine göre %71,10’inde yüksek düzeyde anksiyete olduğu, Klinik performans öz yeterlilik algısının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin durumluluk-süreklilik ve klinik performans öz-yeterlik algısı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki vardır (r= -0,245; p<0,001).
Sonuç: Hemşirelik eğitimcilerinin öğrencileri COVID-19 salgını süresince anksiyeteyi azaltmak için desteklemesi ve klinik öz-yeterlilik algısının geliştirilmesine yönelik telafi yapılması, farklı uygulama ortamlarının hazırlanması önerilmiştir.
Supporting Institution
Bulunmamaktadır
Project Number
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Thanks
Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilere teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Orcanli K, Bekmezci M. Determining university students’ perceptions about distance education ın Covid-19 pandemic and its relationship with some demographic variables. Int J Econ Adm Sci. 2020; 6(2): 88-108.
- Agu CF, Stewart J, McFarlane-Stewart N, Rae T. COVID-19 pandemic effects on nursing education: looking through the lens of a developing country. Int Nurs Rev. 2021; 68(2): 153-8.
- Dewart G, Corcoran L, Thirsk L, Petrovic K. Nursing education in a pandemic: academic challenges in response to COVID-19. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;92(104471):1–2.
- Eren D, Altug Ozsoy S. A Strategy to strengthen nursing in a globalized world: advocacy. J Educ Res Nurs. 2021; 18(1): 65-71.
- Süral İ. Açık ve uzaktan öğrenmede teknolojik altyapının oluşturulması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015; 1(4): 81-95.
- Gürer MD, Tekinarslan E, Yavuzalp N. Çevrimiçi ders veren öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki görüşleri. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 2016; 7(1): 47-78.
- Sayan H. Assessment of faculty members’ views on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. AJIT-e Online Acad J Inf Technol. 2020; 11(42): 100-22.
- Regmi K, Jones L, Sundarasen S, Chinna K, Kamaludin K, Nurunnabi M, et al. Psychological impact of Covid-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: Implications and policy recommendations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 20(1): 1-13.
- Wallace S, Schuler MS, Kaulback M, Hunt K, Baker M. Nursing student experiences of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Forum. 2021; 56(3): 612-8.
- Chernomas WM, Shapiro C. Stress, depression, & anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2013; 10(1): 255-66.
- Akkaya G, Babacan Gümüş A, Akkuş Y. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eğitim stresini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2018; 15(4): 202-8.
- Sancar B, Yalcin AS, Acikgoz I. An examination of anxiety levels of nursing students caring for patients in terminal period. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2018; 34(1): 94-9.
- John B, Al-Sawad M. Perceived stress in clinical areas and emotional intelligence among baccalaureate nursing students. J Indian Acad Appl Psychol. 2015; 41(Special Issue 3): 75-84.
- Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020; 46(1): 1-8.
- Aslan H, Pekince H. Nursing students’ views on the COVID-19 pandemic and their percieved stress levels. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021; 57(2): 695-701.
- Fitzgerald A, Konrad S. Transition in learning during COVID‐19: student nurse anxiety, stress, and resource support. Nurs Forum. 2021; 56: 298-304.
- Thapa P, LataBhandari S, Pathak S. Nursing students’ attitude on the practice of e-learning:a cross-sectional survey amid COVID-19 in Nepal. PLoS One. 2021; 16(6): 1-17.
- Sanad HM. Stress and Anxiety among junior nursing students during the ınitial clinical training : a descriptive study at college of health sciences, University of Bahrain. Am J Nurs Res. 2019; 7(6): 995-9.
- Rafati F, Nouhi E, Sabzevari S, Dehghan-Nayeri N. Coping strategies of nursing students for dealing with stress in clinical setting: a qualitative study. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(12): 6120-8.
- George TP, DeCristofaro C, Murphy PF. Self-efficacy and concerns of nursing students regarding clinical experiences. Nurse Educ Today. 2020; 90(2019): 104401.
- Cowen KJ, Hubbard LJ, Hancock DC. Expectations and experiences of nursing students in clinical courses: a descriptive study. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 67: 15-20.
- Citak Bilgin N, Cerit B, Alpteker H. Post-graduate profiles of nursing graduates. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Derg. 2019; 2(6): 130-40.
- Hatzenbuhler NJ, Klein JE. Educational preparation for clinical practice: reflections of newly graduated RNs. Nurse Educ. 2019;44(2):93–7.
- Açıksöz S, Uzun Ş, Arslan F. Assessment of relationship between nursing students’ self-efficacy and levels of their anxiety and stress about clinical practice. Gülhane Tıp Derg. 2016; 58: 129-35.
- Karabacak Ü, Serbest Ş, Kan Öntürk Z, Eti Aslan F, Olgun N. Relationship between student nurses’ self-efficacy and psychomotor skills competence. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013; 19(2): 124-30.
- Ünal S. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayını; 2019. s:61.
- Keskin B. İstatistiksel güç bir araştırmanın sonuçlarına etki eder mi? Örneklem büyüklüğüne nasıl karar verilmeli?.Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 18: 157-74.
- Abbasi S, Ayoob T, Malik A, Memon SI. Perceptions of students regarding e-learning during covid-19 at a private medical college. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2020; 36(COVID-19-S4): 57–61.
- Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287: 112934.
- Kurtuncu M, Kurt A. Problems of nursing students in distance education in the Covid-19 pandemia period. Eurasian J Res Soc Econ. 2020; 7(5): 66-77.
- Cheraghi F, Hassani P, Yaghmaei F, Alavi-Majed H. Developing a valid and reliable self-efficacy in Clinical Performance Scale. Int Nurs Rev. 2009; 56(2): 214-21.
- Pozam M, Zaybak A. Klinik Performansta Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 2016; 32(3): 100-17.
- Öner N, Le, Compte A. Durumluluk-sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Matbaası; 1985.
- Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. STAI manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
- Birimoğlu Okuyan C, Karasu F, Polat F. COVID-19 ’ un hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlık kaygısı düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. Van Med J. 2020; 13(özel sayı): 45-52.
- Husky MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsen JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr Psychiatry. 2020; 102: 152191.
- Otim M, Subu M. Prevalence of generalised anxiety disorders among clinical training students at the university of Sharjah. 2021; 14: 1863-72.
- Türkleş S, Boğahan M, Altundal H, Yaman Z, Yılmaz M. Diaries of nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative descriptive study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(16). 8556.
- Alici NK, Copur EO. Anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 among nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A descriptive correlation study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022; 58(1): 141-8.
- Dalcalı BK, Durgun H, Taş AS. Anxiety levels and sleep quality in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021; 57(4): 1999-2005.
- Serin EK, Doğan R. The Relationship between anxiety and hopelessness levels among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying. 2021; 0(0): 1-21.
- Akman Ö, Yıldırım D, Sarıkaya A. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students’ anxiety levels. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2020; 12(12): 379-97.
- Zhi X, Lu L, Pu Y, Meng Ai, Zhao Y, Cheng F, et al. Investigation and analysis of psychological stress and professional identity of nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Exp Biol. 2020; 58: 426-32.
- Sevinç S, Özdemir S. Relationship between nursing students ’ anxiety and hopelessness: Kilis example. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Derg. 2017; 9557(2): 14-24.
- Baysan Arabacı L, Akın Korhan E, Token Y, Torun R. Nursing students’ anxiety and stress levels and contributed factors before-during and after first clinical placement. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Derg. 2015; 2(1): 1-16.
- Ayaz Alkaya S, Terzi H. Evaluation of professional practice competence of nursing students in the context of ınternships. Kocaeli Med J. 2021; 10(60): 44-9.
- Jamshidi N, Molazem Z, Sharif F, Torabizadeh C, Kalyani MN. The challenges of nursing students in the clinical learning environment : a qualitative study. Hindawi Publ Corp Sci World J. 2016; 2016: 1846178.
- Sun Y, Wang D, Han Z, Gao J, Zhu S, Zhang H. Disease prevention knowledge, anxiety, and professional ıdentity during COVID-19 Pandemic in nursing students in Zhengzhou, China. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2020; 50(4): 533-40.
- Kim MS, Sohn SK. Emotional intelligence, problem solving ability, self efficacy, and clinical performance among nursing students: A structural equation model. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2019; 31(4): 380-8.
- Pozam M, Zaybak A. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik performanslarina ilişkin öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2022; 15(1): 22-9.
- Bilgiç Ş, Temel M, Çelikkalp Ü. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin öğrenilmiş güçlülük, öz yeterlilik ve umut düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi: Tekirdağ örneği. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi 2017; 4(3): 117-26.
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- Doğan R, Ayaz S. Hemşirelerin egzersiz davranışları, öz yeterlilik düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2015; 18(4): 287-95.
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There are 61 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nursing |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Publication Date | January 16, 2024 |
| Submission Date | August 15, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
