Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Temperature Profiles Created at Different Discharge Rates in Lithium Ion Batteries
Abstract
Electric vehicles provide the electrical energy they need from battery systems. The voltage and current values required for the engine to run are provided by the vehicle batteries, thus enabling the vehicle to move. Battery cells release high amounts of heat energy both while charging and discharging during use of the vehicle. One of the necessary conditions for the batteries to work at maximum efficiency and high lifetime is to keep the battery operating temperature within a certain range. In this study, the temperature values of 18650 type Lithium Ion batteries used in electric vehicles at different discharge rates were experimentally measured, and the results were compared with the numerical data obtained by modeling the system in the Fluent Module of the Ansys program. While modeling the system, the heat generation rate of the battery was calculated using user defined function (UDF) in Fluent and included as an input to the numerical solution. It has been observed that the results obtained by numerical modeling are compatible with the experimental results and the relative error is quite low, especially at low discharge rates.
Keywords
Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Heat Generation in Batteries Thermal Modelling of Batteries
References
- Bernardi D., Pawlikowski E., Newman J. A general energy balance for battery systems. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1985; 132(1): 5.
- Chen Y., Evans JW. Heat transfer phenomena in lithium/polymer‐electrolyte batteries for electric vehicle application. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1993; 140(7): 1833.
- Choi KW., Yao NP. Heat transfer in lead‐acid batteries designed for electric‐vehicle propulsion application Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1979; 126(8): 1321.
- Etacheri V., Marom R., Elazari R., Salitra G., Aurbach D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy & Environmental Science 2011; 4(9): 3243-3262.
- Inui Y., Kobayashi Y., Watanabe Y., Watase Y., Kitamura Y. Simulation of temperature distribution in cylindrical and prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries. Energy Conversion and Management 2007; 48(7): 2103-2109.
- Jouhara H., Khordehgah N., Serey N., Almahmoud S., Lester SP., Machen D., Wrobel L. Applications and thermal management of rechargeable batteries for industrial applications. Energy 2019; 170: 849-861.
- Karimi G., Li X. Thermal management of lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles. International Journal of Energy Research 2013; 37(1): 13-24.
- Paccha-Herrera E., Calderón-Muñoz WR., Orchard M., Jaramillo F., Medjaher K. thermal modeling approaches for a LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery-A comparative study with experimental validation. Batteries 2020; 6: 40.
- Pesaran AA. Battery thermal management in EV and HEVs: issues and solutions. Battery Man 2001; 43(5): 34-49.
- Ramadass P., Haran B., White R., Popov BN. Capacity fade of Sony 18650 cells cycled at elevated temperatures: Part I. Cycling performance. Journal of Power Sources 2002; 112(2): 606-613.
- Thomas KE., Newman J. Thermal modeling of porous insertion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2003; 150(2): A176.
- Torun E., Buyruk E. Elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan pasif, aktif ve hibrit batarya soğutma sistemlerine ait bir çalışma. 3. Rumeli Sürdürülebilir Çevre için Enerji ve Tasarım Sempozyumu, 2023, Sayfa no:1-6, İstanbul.
- Trinuruk P., Onnuam W., Senanuch N., Sawatdeejui C., Jenyongsak P., Wongwises S. Experimental and numerical studies on the effect of lithium-ion batteries’ shape and chemistry on heat generation. Energies 2022; 16(1): 264.
- URL-1. Global EV Outlook 2019, https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019. Erişim Tarihi: 05 Kasım 2022.
- URL-2. Addressing The Impact of Temperature Extremes on Large Format Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle Applications, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/58145.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Aralık 2022.
- Wang H., Tao T., Xu J., Mei X., Liu X., Gou P. Cooling capacity of a novel modular liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for cylindrical lithium ion batteries. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020; 178(2): 115591.
Lityum İyon Pillerde Farklı Deşarj Hızlarında Oluşan Sıcaklık Profillerinin Deneysel ve Sayısal Olarak Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Elektrikli araçlar ihtiyaç duydukları elektrik enerjisini batarya sistemlerinden sağlarlar. Motorun çalışması için gerekli gerilim ve akım değerleri araç bataryaları tarafından sağlanır ve bu şekilde aracın hareket etmesi sağlanır. Batarya hücreleri hem şarj olurken hem de aracın kullanım sırasında deşarj olurken yüksek miktarda ısı enerjisi açığa çıkarırlar. Bataryaların maksimum verimde ve yüksek ömürde çalışabilmeleri için gerekli şartlardan biri de batarya çalışma sıcaklığını belirli aralıkta tutmaktır. Sunulan bu çalışmada elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan 18650 tip Lityum İyon bataryalarında farklı deşarj hızlarında oluşan sıcaklık değerleri deneysel olarak ölçülmüş, sonuçlar Ansys programı Fluent Modülünde sistemin modellenerek elde edildiği sayısal veriler ile kıyaslanmıştır. Sistem modellenirken batarya ısı üretimi Fluent’de kullanıcı tanımlı fonksiyon (UDF) yazılarak hesaplanmış ve sayısal çözüme girdi olarak dâhil edilmiştir. Sayısal modelleme ile elde edilen sonuçların deneysel sonuçlar ile uyumlu olduğu ve özellikle düşük deşarj hızlarında bağıl hatanın oldukça düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Keywords
Elektrikli Araç Lityum iyon Bataryalar Bataryalarda Isı Üretimi Bataryaların Termal Modellenmesi
References
- Bernardi D., Pawlikowski E., Newman J. A general energy balance for battery systems. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1985; 132(1): 5.
- Chen Y., Evans JW. Heat transfer phenomena in lithium/polymer‐electrolyte batteries for electric vehicle application. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1993; 140(7): 1833.
- Choi KW., Yao NP. Heat transfer in lead‐acid batteries designed for electric‐vehicle propulsion application Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1979; 126(8): 1321.
- Etacheri V., Marom R., Elazari R., Salitra G., Aurbach D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy & Environmental Science 2011; 4(9): 3243-3262.
- Inui Y., Kobayashi Y., Watanabe Y., Watase Y., Kitamura Y. Simulation of temperature distribution in cylindrical and prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries. Energy Conversion and Management 2007; 48(7): 2103-2109.
- Jouhara H., Khordehgah N., Serey N., Almahmoud S., Lester SP., Machen D., Wrobel L. Applications and thermal management of rechargeable batteries for industrial applications. Energy 2019; 170: 849-861.
- Karimi G., Li X. Thermal management of lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles. International Journal of Energy Research 2013; 37(1): 13-24.
- Paccha-Herrera E., Calderón-Muñoz WR., Orchard M., Jaramillo F., Medjaher K. thermal modeling approaches for a LiCoO2 lithium-ion battery-A comparative study with experimental validation. Batteries 2020; 6: 40.
- Pesaran AA. Battery thermal management in EV and HEVs: issues and solutions. Battery Man 2001; 43(5): 34-49.
- Ramadass P., Haran B., White R., Popov BN. Capacity fade of Sony 18650 cells cycled at elevated temperatures: Part I. Cycling performance. Journal of Power Sources 2002; 112(2): 606-613.
- Thomas KE., Newman J. Thermal modeling of porous insertion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2003; 150(2): A176.
- Torun E., Buyruk E. Elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan pasif, aktif ve hibrit batarya soğutma sistemlerine ait bir çalışma. 3. Rumeli Sürdürülebilir Çevre için Enerji ve Tasarım Sempozyumu, 2023, Sayfa no:1-6, İstanbul.
- Trinuruk P., Onnuam W., Senanuch N., Sawatdeejui C., Jenyongsak P., Wongwises S. Experimental and numerical studies on the effect of lithium-ion batteries’ shape and chemistry on heat generation. Energies 2022; 16(1): 264.
- URL-1. Global EV Outlook 2019, https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019. Erişim Tarihi: 05 Kasım 2022.
- URL-2. Addressing The Impact of Temperature Extremes on Large Format Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle Applications, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/58145.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Aralık 2022.
- Wang H., Tao T., Xu J., Mei X., Liu X., Gou P. Cooling capacity of a novel modular liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for cylindrical lithium ion batteries. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020; 178(2): 115591.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Energy |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 11, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 28, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | November 17, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
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