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Firetex ilave edilerek hazırlanmış atık kağıtların termal, fiziksel, optik ve mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 318 - 328, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1094501

Abstract

Çalışmada hammadde olarak mekanik hamur bazlı teksir (gazete) kağıtları, yangın geciktirici olarak su bazlı Firetex (taş suyu) ticari ürünü kullanılmıştır. Teksir kağıtları çalışma öncesi hamurlaştırıcıda açılmış ve rapid-köthen makinesi ile tekrar kağıt haline dönüştürülmüştür. Firetex, kağıtlara daldırma yöntemi ile %25, %50, %75 ve %100 konsantrasyonlarda uygulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında üretilen test kağıtlarının termal, sağlamlık ve optik özellikleri ölçülmüş ve optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada test örneklerinin termogravimetrik (TGA) analizleri sonucunda artırılan Firetex oranı ile kömürleşmenin ve kalıntı miktarının önemli ölçüde artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin limit oksijen indeksi (LOI) değerlerinin de artırılan Firetex oranı ile arttığı, %50’lik konsantrasyon ile standart kabul edilen 26 LOI değerinin aşıldığı, %100 yangın geciktirici ile işlem gören örneklerde cihaz limitlerinin aşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Artırılan Firetex oranı yanmaya karşı direnci geliştirirken kopma ve yırtılma direncini düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda LOI ve sağlamlık değerleri birlikte düşünüldüğünde atık gazete kağıtları için en uygun Firetex konsantrasyonu %50 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

KAROK2021

References

  • ASTM D2863-17a Measuring oxygen index testing on materials, American Society of Testing Materials International, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • ASTM E313, 2005. Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, American Society of Testing Materials International, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Balıkesir Üniversitesi Temel Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, 2004, Test Raporu No.4
  • Basak . S., Samanta K:K.,. Chattopadhyay S.K.,. Narkar R., 2015, Thermally stable cellulosic paper made using banana pseudostem sap, a wasted by-product. Cellulose, 22:2767–2776, DOI 10.1007/s10570-015-0662-7
  • Bocchini, S. ve Camino, G., 2010. Halogen-Containing Flame Retardants, Chapter 4, Fire Reterdancy of Polymeric Materials, İkinci Baskı, Ed. Wilkie, C. A ve Morgan, Alexander, A.B., 75-107.
  • Cai, L., Zhuang, B., Hang, D., Wang, W., Niu, M., Xie, Y., Chen, T., Wang, X., 2016, Ultra-Low Density Fbreboard with Improved Fire Retardance and Thermal Stability using a Novel Fire-Resistant Adhesive. BioResources 11(2), 5215-5229
  • Gao, N.; Li, A.; Quan, C.; Du, L.; Duan, Y. Tg−Ftir and Py−Gc/Ms Analysis on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Pine Sawdust. J.Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2013, 100, 26−32.
  • ISO 2470-1, 2016. Paper, board and pulps-Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor-Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karabudak, E., Kas, R., Ogieglo, W., Rafieian, D., Schlautmann, S., Lammertink, R. G.&Mul, G., 2012,“Disposable Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Crystals From Silicon Wafer: A Versatile Approach To Surface Infrared Spectroscopy”. Analytical Chemistry, 85(1), pp: 33-38.
  • Kesik, H.İ.; Aydoğan, H.; Çağatay, K.; Özkan, O.E.; Maraz, E. (2015): Fire Properties of Scots Pine Impregnated with Firetex. ICOEST International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Sarajevo, BH
  • Kozlowski, R., Helwig, M., Przepiera, A., 1995. Light-weight, environmentally friendly fire retardant composite boards for panelling and construction. Inorganic Bonded Wood and Fiber Composite Materials, 4 (1), 6-11.
  • Kylosov, A.A., 2007. Wood Plastic Composites, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.,NJ, USA, 698
  • Mouritz, A.P. ve Gibson, A.G., 2006. Fire Properties of Polymer Composite Materials, Springer Yayınları, Hollanda, 385. Omerogulları Basyıgıt, Z., Kut, D., 2018, Formaldehyde-Free and Halogen-Free Flame retardant Finishing On Cotton Fabric. Teksitil ve Konfeksiyon 28(4) 287-293
  • Özcan, C., Kurt, Ş., Esen, R., Korkmaz, M., 2016, The Determinated Combustion Properties of Fir Wood Impregnated with Fire-Retardants. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), p77-82.
  • Özdemir, F. and Tutus, A., 2013. Effects of fire retardants on the combustion behavior of high-density fiberboard. Bioresources, 8 (2): 1665-1674.
  • Rakotomalala, M.; Wagner, S.; Döring, M., 2010, Recent Developments in Halogen Free Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins for Electrical and Electronic Applications. Materials 2010, 3, 4300-4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3084300
  • Schindler W.D., Hauser P.J.,2004. Chemical finishing of textiles. Woodhead Publishing (2004), pp. 54-62
  • Sebio-Punal, T., Naya, S., Lopez Beceiro, J., Tarrio-Saavedra, J., Artiaga, R., 2012, Thermogravimetric analysis of wood, holocellulose, and lignin from five wood species. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 109(3):1-5. DOI:10.1007/s10973-011-2133-1
  • TAPPI T402 OM-93, 1993. Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres for paper, board, pulp handsheets, and related products. TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T404 OM-87, Tensile Breaking Strength and Elongation of Paper and Paperboard (Using Pendulum-. Type Tester), TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T411 OM-21, 2021. Thickness (caliper of paper, paperboard, and combined board, TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T412 OM-16, 2016. Moisture in pulp, paper and paperboard, TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T414 OM-88, Internal tearing resistance of Paper(Elmendorf-type method), TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T527 om-13, 2013. Color of paper and paperboard (d/0°, C/2), TAPPI Press, Atlanta.
  • Tomak, E.D., Cavdar, A.D., 2013. Limited oxygen index levels of impregnated Scots pine wood. Thermochimica acta, 573: 181-185.Trabzon.
  • Wongsiriamnuay, T.; Tippayawong, N. Non-IsothermalPyrolysis Characteristics of Giant Sensitive Plants Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101 (14), 5638−5644.
  • Xing, W., Jie, G., Song, L., Hu, S., Lv, X., Wang, X., Hu, Y., 2011, Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of cotton textiles based on UV-curable flame retardant coatings. Thermochimica Acta, 513, Issues 1–2, Pages 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.11.014.

Determination of thermal, physical, optical and mechanical properties of waste papers prepared by adding Firetex

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 318 - 328, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1094501

Abstract

In the study, mechanical pulp-based (newspaper) papers were used as raw material and water-based Firetex (stone water) commercial product was used as fire retardant. Waste papers were refibrilled in the pulper and recycled with the rapid-köthen machine. Firetex was applied to the papers at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations by immersing method. The thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the test papers produced within the scope of the study were measured and optimized. In the study, as a result of the thermogravimetric (TGA) analyzes of the test samples, it was determined that the carbonization and residue amount increased significantly with the increased Firetex ratio. It was determined that the limit oxygen index (LOI) values ​​of the samples also increased with the increasing Firetex ratio, the LOI value of 26 accepted as the standard with 50% concentration was exceeded, and the device limits were exceeded in the samples treated with 100% fire retardant. It has been determined that the increased Firetex ratio improves the resistance against burning, while reducing the tensile and tearing resistance. As a result of the study, when the LOI and strength values ​​are considered together, the most suitable Firetex concentration for waste newspaper is determined as 50%.

References

  • ASTM D2863-17a Measuring oxygen index testing on materials, American Society of Testing Materials International, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • ASTM E313, 2005. Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, American Society of Testing Materials International, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Balıkesir Üniversitesi Temel Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, 2004, Test Raporu No.4
  • Basak . S., Samanta K:K.,. Chattopadhyay S.K.,. Narkar R., 2015, Thermally stable cellulosic paper made using banana pseudostem sap, a wasted by-product. Cellulose, 22:2767–2776, DOI 10.1007/s10570-015-0662-7
  • Bocchini, S. ve Camino, G., 2010. Halogen-Containing Flame Retardants, Chapter 4, Fire Reterdancy of Polymeric Materials, İkinci Baskı, Ed. Wilkie, C. A ve Morgan, Alexander, A.B., 75-107.
  • Cai, L., Zhuang, B., Hang, D., Wang, W., Niu, M., Xie, Y., Chen, T., Wang, X., 2016, Ultra-Low Density Fbreboard with Improved Fire Retardance and Thermal Stability using a Novel Fire-Resistant Adhesive. BioResources 11(2), 5215-5229
  • Gao, N.; Li, A.; Quan, C.; Du, L.; Duan, Y. Tg−Ftir and Py−Gc/Ms Analysis on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Pine Sawdust. J.Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2013, 100, 26−32.
  • ISO 2470-1, 2016. Paper, board and pulps-Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor-Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karabudak, E., Kas, R., Ogieglo, W., Rafieian, D., Schlautmann, S., Lammertink, R. G.&Mul, G., 2012,“Disposable Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Crystals From Silicon Wafer: A Versatile Approach To Surface Infrared Spectroscopy”. Analytical Chemistry, 85(1), pp: 33-38.
  • Kesik, H.İ.; Aydoğan, H.; Çağatay, K.; Özkan, O.E.; Maraz, E. (2015): Fire Properties of Scots Pine Impregnated with Firetex. ICOEST International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Sarajevo, BH
  • Kozlowski, R., Helwig, M., Przepiera, A., 1995. Light-weight, environmentally friendly fire retardant composite boards for panelling and construction. Inorganic Bonded Wood and Fiber Composite Materials, 4 (1), 6-11.
  • Kylosov, A.A., 2007. Wood Plastic Composites, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.,NJ, USA, 698
  • Mouritz, A.P. ve Gibson, A.G., 2006. Fire Properties of Polymer Composite Materials, Springer Yayınları, Hollanda, 385. Omerogulları Basyıgıt, Z., Kut, D., 2018, Formaldehyde-Free and Halogen-Free Flame retardant Finishing On Cotton Fabric. Teksitil ve Konfeksiyon 28(4) 287-293
  • Özcan, C., Kurt, Ş., Esen, R., Korkmaz, M., 2016, The Determinated Combustion Properties of Fir Wood Impregnated with Fire-Retardants. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), p77-82.
  • Özdemir, F. and Tutus, A., 2013. Effects of fire retardants on the combustion behavior of high-density fiberboard. Bioresources, 8 (2): 1665-1674.
  • Rakotomalala, M.; Wagner, S.; Döring, M., 2010, Recent Developments in Halogen Free Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins for Electrical and Electronic Applications. Materials 2010, 3, 4300-4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3084300
  • Schindler W.D., Hauser P.J.,2004. Chemical finishing of textiles. Woodhead Publishing (2004), pp. 54-62
  • Sebio-Punal, T., Naya, S., Lopez Beceiro, J., Tarrio-Saavedra, J., Artiaga, R., 2012, Thermogravimetric analysis of wood, holocellulose, and lignin from five wood species. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 109(3):1-5. DOI:10.1007/s10973-011-2133-1
  • TAPPI T402 OM-93, 1993. Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres for paper, board, pulp handsheets, and related products. TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T404 OM-87, Tensile Breaking Strength and Elongation of Paper and Paperboard (Using Pendulum-. Type Tester), TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T411 OM-21, 2021. Thickness (caliper of paper, paperboard, and combined board, TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T412 OM-16, 2016. Moisture in pulp, paper and paperboard, TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T414 OM-88, Internal tearing resistance of Paper(Elmendorf-type method), TAPPI Press, Atlanta
  • TAPPI T527 om-13, 2013. Color of paper and paperboard (d/0°, C/2), TAPPI Press, Atlanta.
  • Tomak, E.D., Cavdar, A.D., 2013. Limited oxygen index levels of impregnated Scots pine wood. Thermochimica acta, 573: 181-185.Trabzon.
  • Wongsiriamnuay, T.; Tippayawong, N. Non-IsothermalPyrolysis Characteristics of Giant Sensitive Plants Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101 (14), 5638−5644.
  • Xing, W., Jie, G., Song, L., Hu, S., Lv, X., Wang, X., Hu, Y., 2011, Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of cotton textiles based on UV-curable flame retardant coatings. Thermochimica Acta, 513, Issues 1–2, Pages 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.11.014.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Forest Products
Authors

Emrah Peşman 0000-0003-0189-4715

Ezgi Civil 0000-0002-4083-6713

Early Pub Date August 31, 2022
Publication Date September 17, 2022
Submission Date March 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Peşman, E., & Civil, E. (2022). Firetex ilave edilerek hazırlanmış atık kağıtların termal, fiziksel, optik ve mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 318-328. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1094501
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