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Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 21 - 36, 22.01.2014
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210893

Abstract

Folat, insanların canlılık
faaliyetlerini sürdürmesi için çok önemlidir. Organizmanın tek karbon
reaksiyonlarına katılarak, hayati faaliyetleri katalizlediğinden folat
eksikliği organizma için ciddi risk taşımaktadır. İnsanlarda folat eksikliği
ile ilişkili olarak birçok hastalık baş gösterebilir. İnsanlar folatı sentezleyemediğinden,
dışarıdan folat bakımından zengin gıdalarla ve folik asit takviyesi ile folat
ihtiyaçlarını gidermektedirler. Bu nedenle diyette sık tüketilen gıdaların
folat bakımından zengin olması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu amaçla gıdalardaki folat
miktarını arttırıcı etkenler belirlenip gıdalarda folat miktarının arttırılması
sağlanabilir. Yoğurt gibi fermente gıdalardaki folatın etkenleri olan probiyotik
laktik asit bakterilerinin bu amaca hizmet edebileceği düşünülmektedir. Yüksek
folat üreten probiyotik suşlarla üretilen fermente gıdaların tüketimi ile insanlardaki
folat eksikliğinin görülme sıklığı azaltılabilecektir.

References

  • Lucock M., “Folic acid: nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes”, Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 71(1-2), 121-138, 2000.
  • Hoffbrand A.V., Weir D.G., “The history of folic acid”, British Journal of Haematology, 113, 579-589, 2001.
  • Werner-Felmayer G., Golderer G., Werner E.R., “Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, utilization and pharmacological effects”, Current Drug Metabolism, 3, 159-173, 2002.
  • Rossi M., Amaretti A., Raimondi, S., “Folate Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria”, Nutrients, 3, 118-134, 2011
  • Stralsjö L., “Evaluation of a RPBA method to study the effects of cultivar, ripeness, stroge and processing- folates in berries”, Sweden University Agriculture Science, Uppsala, 2003.
  • Quinlivan E.P., Hanson A.D., Gregory J.F., “The analysis of folate and its metabolic precursors in biological samples”, Analytical Biochemistry, 348, 163-184, 2006.
  • Sipahi H., “Folat düzeylerinin mikrobiyolojik yöntemle saptanması, klinik ve toksikolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 200 Indrawati R., Verlinde P., Ottoy F., Van Loey A., Hendrickx M., “Implications of βmercaptoetanol in relation to folate stability and to determination kinetics during processing: a case study on [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 8247-8254, 2004.
  • Gregory JF., “Dietary folate in a changing enviroment: bioavailability, fortification, and requirements”, Journal of Food Science, 69(1), 59-60, 2004. Kamen B., “Folate and antifolate pharmacology”, Seminars in Oncology, 24(5), 18-39, 1997. Molloy A.M., “Folate bioavailability and health”, International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 72(1), 46-52, 2002. Gregory J.F., “Bioavailability of folate”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 54-9, 19 Shane B., “Folate chemistry and metabolism in folate in health and disease”, Bailey, L.B., ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.1-22, 1995.
  • Wagner C., “Folate binding proteins”, Nutrition Reviews, 43(10), 293-9, 1985.
  • McNulty H., Pentieva K., “Folate bioavailability”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63, 529-536, 2004.
  • Caudill M.A., Bailey L.B., Gregory J.F., “Consumption of the folate breakdown product paraaminobenzoylglutamate contributes minimally to urinary folate catabolite excretion in humans: investigation using [13C5]para-aminobenzoylglutamate”, Journal of Nutrition, 132(9), 26132616, 2002.
  • Galivan J., Ryan T.J., Chave K., Rhee M., Yao R., Yin D., “Glutamyl hydrolase: pharmocological role and enzymatic characterization”, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 85, 207-215, 2000.
  • Anguera M.C., Suh J.R., Ghandour H., Nasrallah I.M., Selhub J., Stover P.J., “Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase regulates folate turnover and accumulation”, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(32), 29856-29862, 2003.
  • Cooperman J.M., Lopez R., “The role of histidine in the anemia of folate deficiency”, Experimental Biology and Medicine, 227 (11), 998-1000, 2002.
  • Graham I.M., O’Callaghan P., “Vitamins, Homocysteine and cardiovascular risk”, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 16, 383-389, 2002.
  • Eskes T.K.A.B., “Abnormal folate metabolism in mothers with Down syndrome off pring”, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 124, 130-133, 200 Zetterberg H., “Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cobalamin genetic polymorfisms in human spontaneous abortion: biological and clinical implications”, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2(7), 1-8, 2004.
  • Rosenblatt D.S., “Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase”, Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 24(1), 56-59, 2001.
  • Donnelly J.G., “Folic acid”, Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Science, 38(3), 183-223, 200 Mason J.B., Choi S.W., “Effects of alcohol on folate metabolism: implications for carcinogenesis”, Alcohol, 35, 235-241, 2005.
  • Kompis I.M., Islam K., Then R.L., “DNA and RNA synthesis: antifolates”, Chemical Reviews, 105, 593-620, 2005.
  • Said H.M., Mohammed Z.M., “Intestinal absorption of water soluble vitamins: an update”, Gastroenterology, 22, 140-146, 2006. Nöral Tüp Defekti, http://www.labtestsonline.org.tr/understanding/conditions/neural-tube/, 200120 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Spina Bifida and Anencephaly Before and After Folic Acid Mandate, United States, MMWR, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5317a3.html,. 2000. 2011-2013.
  • AFP Yüksekliği, Türkiye, http://www.jinekolojivegebelik.com/2012/01/afp-alfa-feto-proteinyuksekligi. html , 2013.
  • Rosequist T.H., Finnel R.H., “Genes, folate and homocysteine in embryonic development”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 60(1), 53-61, 2001.
  • Jang H., Mason J.B., Choi S., “Genetic and epigenetic interactions between folate and aging in carcinogenesis”, Journal of Nutrition, 135, 2967-2971, 2005.
  • Fenech M., “Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40, 1113-1117, 2002.
  • Verhaar M.C., Wever R.M.F., Kastelein J.J.P., van Loon D., Milstien S., Koomans H.A., Rabelink T.J., “Effects of oral folic acid supplementation on endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia”, Circulation, 100(4), 335-338, 1999.
  • Widner B., Leblhuber F., Frick B., Laich A., Artner-Dworzak E., Fuchs D., “Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and immun activation in Parkinson’s disease”, Journal of Neural Transmission, 109, 1445-52, 2002.
  • Mattson M.P., Kruman I.I., Duan W., “Folic acid and homocysteine in age-related disease”, Ageing Research Reviews, 1(1), 95-111, 2002.
  • Demirbaş B., Özkaya M., Çakal E., Çulha C., Gülçelik N., Koç G., Serter R., Aral Y., “Plasma homocysteine levels in hyperthyroid patients”, Endocrine Journal, 51(1), 121-125, 2004.
  • Hilton J.F., Christensen K.E., Watkins D., Raby B.A., Renaud Y., Luna S., Estivill X., MacKenzie R.E., Hudson T.J., Rosenblatt R., “The molecular basis of glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency”, Human Mutation, 22, 67-73. 2003.
  • Belz S., Nau H., “Determination of folate patterns in mouse plasma, erythrocyte and embryos by HPLC coupled with a microbiological assay”, Analytical Biochemistry, 265, 157-66. 1998.
  • O’Broin S., Kelleher B., “Microbiological assay on microtitre plates of folate in serum and red cells”, Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 344-7, 1992.
  • Wright A.J.A., Finglas P.M., Southon S., “Erythrocyte folate analysis: saponin added during lysis of whole blood can increase apparent folate concentrations, depending on hemolysate pH”, Clinical Chemistry, 46(12), 1978-1986, 2000. Baydar T., “İnsan eritrosit folat düzeylerinin saptanması ve toksikolojik ve klinik öneminin değerlendirilmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Ankara, 1999. Burtis C.A., Ashwood E.R., Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3 th ed., 1693-1697, 2006. Duch D.S., Bowers S.W., Nichol C.A., “Analysis of folate cofactor levels in tissue using HPLC”, Analytical Biochemistry, 130, 385-392, 1983. Belz S., Frickel C., Wolfrom C., Nau H., Henze G., “HPLC determination of methotrexate, 7hydroxymethotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and folinic acid in serum and cerebrospinalfluid”, Journal of Chromatography A, 661, 109-118, 1994. Wilson S.D., Horne D.W., “HPLC determination of the distribution of naturally occuring folic acid derivatives in rat liver”, Analytical Biochemistry, 142, 529-535, 1984. Hart D.J., Finglas P.M., Caroline A.W., Mellon F., Wright A.J.A., Southon S., “Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human plasma and urine by combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry”, Analytical Biochemistry, 305, 206-213, 2002.
  • Sybesma W., Van Den Born E., Starrenburg M., Mierau I., Kleerebezem M., De Vos W.M., Hugenholtz J., “Controlled modulation of folate polyglutamyl tail length by metabolic engineering of Lactococcus lactis”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69,7101-7107, 200
  • Food chart, http://folicacidnow.net/folic_acid/food_chart.shtml, 2013.
  • Kanmani P., Kumar R.S., Yuvaraj N., Paar K.A., Pattukumar V., Arul V., “Probiotics and Its Valuable Products”, Food Science and Nutrition, 53, 641-658, 2013.
  • Furet J.P., Quenee P., Tailliez P., “Molecular quantification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk products using real-time quantitative PCR”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 97, 197- 207, 2004.
  • Leroy F., De Vuyst L., “Lactic acid bacteria as functional starter cultures for the food fermentation industry”, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15, 67- 68, 2004. Schleifer K.H., Ehrmann M., Beimfohr C., Brockmann E., Ludwig W., Amann R., “Application of molecular methods for the classification and identification of lactic acid bacteria”, International Dairy Journal, 5, 1081- 1094, 1995.
  • Sybesma W., Burgess C., Starrenburg M., Sinderen D., Hugenholtz J., “Multivitamin production in Lactococcus lactis using metabolic engineering”, Metabolic Engineering, 6, 109-15, 2004.
  • LeBlanc J.G., de Giori G.S., Smid E.D., Hugenholtz J., Sesma F., “Folate production by lactic acid bacteria and other food-grade microorganisms”, Applied Microbiology, 329-339, 2007. Giraffa G., Lazzi C., Gatti M., Rossetti L., Mora D., Neviani E., “Molecular typing of Lactobacillus delbrueckii of dairy origin by PCR-RFLP of proteincoding genes”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 82, 163- 172. 2003. Petti S., Tarsitani G., D’arca A.S.A., “Randomized clinical trial of the effect of yoghurt on the human salivary microflora”, Archives of Oral Biology, 46, 705- 712, 2001. Rossi M., Amaretti A., Raimondi S., “Folate Production by Probiotic Bacteria”, Nutrition, 3, 118-134, 2011. Holasova M., Fiedlerova V., Roubal P., Pechacova M., “Biosynthesis of folates by lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria in fermented milk”, Czech Journal of Food Science, 22, 175–181, 200 Klaus S.M., Wegkamp A., Sybesma W., Hugenholtz J., Gregory J.F., Hanson A.D., “A nudix enzyme removes pyrophosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the folate synthesis pathway of bacteria and plants”, The Journal Biological Chemistry, 280, 5274–5280, 2005. KEGG (Kyoto Gen ve Genom Bilgi Merkezi), http://www.genome.jp/kegg/, 2012-2013.
  • Joint Genom Enstitüsü Mikrobiyal Sekanslama, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/mic_home.html, 201220
  • Pompei A., Cordisco L., Amaretti A., Zanoni S., Matteuzzi D., Rossi M., “Folate Production by Bifidobacteria as a Potential Probiotic Property”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 167-179, 2007.

Folate Deficiency and Probiotics

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 21 - 36, 22.01.2014
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210893

Abstract

Folate is very important for people to continue the
activities of vitality. The main reason for this participate the one carbon
reactions of the organism. When these reactions are to catalysis the vital activity,
folate deficiency is a serious risk to the organism. Even occur in many
diseases associated with folate deficiency in people. Hence people cannot
synthesize folate, folate-rich foods and folic acid supplements with the
outside must be obtained. Therefore its importance gaining from folate-rich
foods frequently consumed in the diet. For this purpose, increasing factors the
amount of folate in foods can be identified, increasing the amount of folate in
foods can be provided. Folate agent such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria in fermented
foods (especially yogurt) are thought to serve this purpose. Fermented foods
which are produced by probiotic high folate producing strains will reduce the
prevalence of folate deficiency in people.

References

  • Lucock M., “Folic acid: nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes”, Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 71(1-2), 121-138, 2000.
  • Hoffbrand A.V., Weir D.G., “The history of folic acid”, British Journal of Haematology, 113, 579-589, 2001.
  • Werner-Felmayer G., Golderer G., Werner E.R., “Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, utilization and pharmacological effects”, Current Drug Metabolism, 3, 159-173, 2002.
  • Rossi M., Amaretti A., Raimondi, S., “Folate Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria”, Nutrients, 3, 118-134, 2011
  • Stralsjö L., “Evaluation of a RPBA method to study the effects of cultivar, ripeness, stroge and processing- folates in berries”, Sweden University Agriculture Science, Uppsala, 2003.
  • Quinlivan E.P., Hanson A.D., Gregory J.F., “The analysis of folate and its metabolic precursors in biological samples”, Analytical Biochemistry, 348, 163-184, 2006.
  • Sipahi H., “Folat düzeylerinin mikrobiyolojik yöntemle saptanması, klinik ve toksikolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 200 Indrawati R., Verlinde P., Ottoy F., Van Loey A., Hendrickx M., “Implications of βmercaptoetanol in relation to folate stability and to determination kinetics during processing: a case study on [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 8247-8254, 2004.
  • Gregory JF., “Dietary folate in a changing enviroment: bioavailability, fortification, and requirements”, Journal of Food Science, 69(1), 59-60, 2004. Kamen B., “Folate and antifolate pharmacology”, Seminars in Oncology, 24(5), 18-39, 1997. Molloy A.M., “Folate bioavailability and health”, International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 72(1), 46-52, 2002. Gregory J.F., “Bioavailability of folate”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 54-9, 19 Shane B., “Folate chemistry and metabolism in folate in health and disease”, Bailey, L.B., ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.1-22, 1995.
  • Wagner C., “Folate binding proteins”, Nutrition Reviews, 43(10), 293-9, 1985.
  • McNulty H., Pentieva K., “Folate bioavailability”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63, 529-536, 2004.
  • Caudill M.A., Bailey L.B., Gregory J.F., “Consumption of the folate breakdown product paraaminobenzoylglutamate contributes minimally to urinary folate catabolite excretion in humans: investigation using [13C5]para-aminobenzoylglutamate”, Journal of Nutrition, 132(9), 26132616, 2002.
  • Galivan J., Ryan T.J., Chave K., Rhee M., Yao R., Yin D., “Glutamyl hydrolase: pharmocological role and enzymatic characterization”, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 85, 207-215, 2000.
  • Anguera M.C., Suh J.R., Ghandour H., Nasrallah I.M., Selhub J., Stover P.J., “Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase regulates folate turnover and accumulation”, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(32), 29856-29862, 2003.
  • Cooperman J.M., Lopez R., “The role of histidine in the anemia of folate deficiency”, Experimental Biology and Medicine, 227 (11), 998-1000, 2002.
  • Graham I.M., O’Callaghan P., “Vitamins, Homocysteine and cardiovascular risk”, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 16, 383-389, 2002.
  • Eskes T.K.A.B., “Abnormal folate metabolism in mothers with Down syndrome off pring”, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 124, 130-133, 200 Zetterberg H., “Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cobalamin genetic polymorfisms in human spontaneous abortion: biological and clinical implications”, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2(7), 1-8, 2004.
  • Rosenblatt D.S., “Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase”, Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 24(1), 56-59, 2001.
  • Donnelly J.G., “Folic acid”, Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Science, 38(3), 183-223, 200 Mason J.B., Choi S.W., “Effects of alcohol on folate metabolism: implications for carcinogenesis”, Alcohol, 35, 235-241, 2005.
  • Kompis I.M., Islam K., Then R.L., “DNA and RNA synthesis: antifolates”, Chemical Reviews, 105, 593-620, 2005.
  • Said H.M., Mohammed Z.M., “Intestinal absorption of water soluble vitamins: an update”, Gastroenterology, 22, 140-146, 2006. Nöral Tüp Defekti, http://www.labtestsonline.org.tr/understanding/conditions/neural-tube/, 200120 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Spina Bifida and Anencephaly Before and After Folic Acid Mandate, United States, MMWR, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5317a3.html,. 2000. 2011-2013.
  • AFP Yüksekliği, Türkiye, http://www.jinekolojivegebelik.com/2012/01/afp-alfa-feto-proteinyuksekligi. html , 2013.
  • Rosequist T.H., Finnel R.H., “Genes, folate and homocysteine in embryonic development”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 60(1), 53-61, 2001.
  • Jang H., Mason J.B., Choi S., “Genetic and epigenetic interactions between folate and aging in carcinogenesis”, Journal of Nutrition, 135, 2967-2971, 2005.
  • Fenech M., “Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40, 1113-1117, 2002.
  • Verhaar M.C., Wever R.M.F., Kastelein J.J.P., van Loon D., Milstien S., Koomans H.A., Rabelink T.J., “Effects of oral folic acid supplementation on endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia”, Circulation, 100(4), 335-338, 1999.
  • Widner B., Leblhuber F., Frick B., Laich A., Artner-Dworzak E., Fuchs D., “Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and immun activation in Parkinson’s disease”, Journal of Neural Transmission, 109, 1445-52, 2002.
  • Mattson M.P., Kruman I.I., Duan W., “Folic acid and homocysteine in age-related disease”, Ageing Research Reviews, 1(1), 95-111, 2002.
  • Demirbaş B., Özkaya M., Çakal E., Çulha C., Gülçelik N., Koç G., Serter R., Aral Y., “Plasma homocysteine levels in hyperthyroid patients”, Endocrine Journal, 51(1), 121-125, 2004.
  • Hilton J.F., Christensen K.E., Watkins D., Raby B.A., Renaud Y., Luna S., Estivill X., MacKenzie R.E., Hudson T.J., Rosenblatt R., “The molecular basis of glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency”, Human Mutation, 22, 67-73. 2003.
  • Belz S., Nau H., “Determination of folate patterns in mouse plasma, erythrocyte and embryos by HPLC coupled with a microbiological assay”, Analytical Biochemistry, 265, 157-66. 1998.
  • O’Broin S., Kelleher B., “Microbiological assay on microtitre plates of folate in serum and red cells”, Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 344-7, 1992.
  • Wright A.J.A., Finglas P.M., Southon S., “Erythrocyte folate analysis: saponin added during lysis of whole blood can increase apparent folate concentrations, depending on hemolysate pH”, Clinical Chemistry, 46(12), 1978-1986, 2000. Baydar T., “İnsan eritrosit folat düzeylerinin saptanması ve toksikolojik ve klinik öneminin değerlendirilmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Ankara, 1999. Burtis C.A., Ashwood E.R., Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3 th ed., 1693-1697, 2006. Duch D.S., Bowers S.W., Nichol C.A., “Analysis of folate cofactor levels in tissue using HPLC”, Analytical Biochemistry, 130, 385-392, 1983. Belz S., Frickel C., Wolfrom C., Nau H., Henze G., “HPLC determination of methotrexate, 7hydroxymethotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and folinic acid in serum and cerebrospinalfluid”, Journal of Chromatography A, 661, 109-118, 1994. Wilson S.D., Horne D.W., “HPLC determination of the distribution of naturally occuring folic acid derivatives in rat liver”, Analytical Biochemistry, 142, 529-535, 1984. Hart D.J., Finglas P.M., Caroline A.W., Mellon F., Wright A.J.A., Southon S., “Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human plasma and urine by combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry”, Analytical Biochemistry, 305, 206-213, 2002.
  • Sybesma W., Van Den Born E., Starrenburg M., Mierau I., Kleerebezem M., De Vos W.M., Hugenholtz J., “Controlled modulation of folate polyglutamyl tail length by metabolic engineering of Lactococcus lactis”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69,7101-7107, 200
  • Food chart, http://folicacidnow.net/folic_acid/food_chart.shtml, 2013.
  • Kanmani P., Kumar R.S., Yuvaraj N., Paar K.A., Pattukumar V., Arul V., “Probiotics and Its Valuable Products”, Food Science and Nutrition, 53, 641-658, 2013.
  • Furet J.P., Quenee P., Tailliez P., “Molecular quantification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk products using real-time quantitative PCR”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 97, 197- 207, 2004.
  • Leroy F., De Vuyst L., “Lactic acid bacteria as functional starter cultures for the food fermentation industry”, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15, 67- 68, 2004. Schleifer K.H., Ehrmann M., Beimfohr C., Brockmann E., Ludwig W., Amann R., “Application of molecular methods for the classification and identification of lactic acid bacteria”, International Dairy Journal, 5, 1081- 1094, 1995.
  • Sybesma W., Burgess C., Starrenburg M., Sinderen D., Hugenholtz J., “Multivitamin production in Lactococcus lactis using metabolic engineering”, Metabolic Engineering, 6, 109-15, 2004.
  • LeBlanc J.G., de Giori G.S., Smid E.D., Hugenholtz J., Sesma F., “Folate production by lactic acid bacteria and other food-grade microorganisms”, Applied Microbiology, 329-339, 2007. Giraffa G., Lazzi C., Gatti M., Rossetti L., Mora D., Neviani E., “Molecular typing of Lactobacillus delbrueckii of dairy origin by PCR-RFLP of proteincoding genes”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 82, 163- 172. 2003. Petti S., Tarsitani G., D’arca A.S.A., “Randomized clinical trial of the effect of yoghurt on the human salivary microflora”, Archives of Oral Biology, 46, 705- 712, 2001. Rossi M., Amaretti A., Raimondi S., “Folate Production by Probiotic Bacteria”, Nutrition, 3, 118-134, 2011. Holasova M., Fiedlerova V., Roubal P., Pechacova M., “Biosynthesis of folates by lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria in fermented milk”, Czech Journal of Food Science, 22, 175–181, 200 Klaus S.M., Wegkamp A., Sybesma W., Hugenholtz J., Gregory J.F., Hanson A.D., “A nudix enzyme removes pyrophosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the folate synthesis pathway of bacteria and plants”, The Journal Biological Chemistry, 280, 5274–5280, 2005. KEGG (Kyoto Gen ve Genom Bilgi Merkezi), http://www.genome.jp/kegg/, 2012-2013.
  • Joint Genom Enstitüsü Mikrobiyal Sekanslama, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/mic_home.html, 201220
  • Pompei A., Cordisco L., Amaretti A., Zanoni S., Matteuzzi D., Rossi M., “Folate Production by Bifidobacteria as a Potential Probiotic Property”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 167-179, 2007.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Biyoloji
Authors

Zehra Yüksekdağ

Publication Date January 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yüksekdağ, Z. (2014). Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210893
AMA Yüksekdağ Z. Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. January 2014;2(2):21-36. doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.210893
Chicago Yüksekdağ, Zehra. “Folat Eksikliği Ve Probiyotikler”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2, no. 2 (January 2014): 21-36. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210893.
EndNote Yüksekdağ Z (January 1, 2014) Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2 2 21–36.
IEEE Z. Yüksekdağ, “Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler”, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21–36, 2014, doi: 10.17100/nevbiltek.210893.
ISNAD Yüksekdağ, Zehra. “Folat Eksikliği Ve Probiyotikler”. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2/2 (January 2014), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210893.
JAMA Yüksekdağ Z. Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2014;2:21–36.
MLA Yüksekdağ, Zehra. “Folat Eksikliği Ve Probiyotikler”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2014, pp. 21-36, doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.210893.
Vancouver Yüksekdağ Z. Folat Eksikliği ve Probiyotikler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2014;2(2):21-36.

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