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Psychological resilience of parents of children with cancer and determination of the factors affecting it: A Pilot Study

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 130 - 138, 30.04.2024

Eda Açıkgöz Atay Özlem Işıl

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the factors affecting the psychological resilience in parents of children diagnosed with cancer. Method: This descriptive type of research was conducted with 81 parents whose children were receiving treatment in the pediatric oncology clinic of a hospital between July 15 and December 30, 2021. Introductory Information Form, Psychological Resilience Scale, Caregiving Burden Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale were used in the research. Mean and standard deviation were used for data of numerical variables, and number and percentage were used for categorical variables. In path analysis, the relationship between variables was evaluated with β coefficient, t value and model fit indices (χ2/df, RMSEA, GFI, NFI, NNFI and CFI). Results: In this study, 81.5% of the parents were women, 48.1% were primary school graduates, 76.5% were married, 65.4% had a nuclear family structure, and 87.7% did not receive help in caring for their children. The Psychological Resilience scale total score of the parents participating in the study was 62.96±18.47, the Caregiver Burden Scale total score was 39.17±16.31, the Perceived Social Support Scale total score was 57.90±18.33, and the Psychological Well-Being total score was 38.85±7.87. As a result of Path Analysis, parents' psychological well-being (β=0.35, t=3.17) and perceived social support (β=0.35, t=3.49) had an impact on their psychological resilience, and caregiver burden (β=0.06, t=0.54) did not have an impact on parents' psychological resilience. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the perceived social support level and psychological well-being of the parents of children diagnosed with cancer positively affected their psychological resilience, but the care burden did not. In this regard, interventions should be planned for social support and psychological well-being of parents in order to increase their psychological resilience.

Keywords

Cancer child parents psychological resilience social support psychological well-being

References

  • World Health Organization. Global initiative for childhood cancer. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/cancer/who-childhood-cancer-overview-booklet.pdf. Kasım 2020’de basıldı. 13 Haziran 2021’de erişildi.
  • Jones BL. The challenge of quality care for family caregivers in pediatric cancer care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2012;28(4):213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2012.09.003.
  • Bajjani-Gebara J, Hinds P, Insel K, Reed P, Moore K, Badger T. Well-being, Self-transcendence, and Resilience of Parental Caregivers of Children in Active Cancer Treatment: Where Do We Go From Here? Cancer Nurs. 2019;42(5):E41-E52. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000662.
  • Wiener L, Battles H, Zadeh S, Pelletier W, Arruda-Colli MNF, Muriel AC. The perceived influence of childhood cancer on the parents' relationship. Psychooncology. 2017;26(12):2109-2117. doi: 10.1002/pon.4313.
  • Creswell PD, Wisk LE, Litzelman K, Allchin A, Witt WP. Parental depressive symptoms and childhood cancer: the importance of financial difficulties. Support Care Cancer. 2014 ;22(2):503-11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-2003-4.
  • Mezgebu E, Berhan E, Deribe L. Predictors of Resilience Among Parents of Children with Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study. Cancer Manag Res, 2020; 12: 11611–11621. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S276599.
  • Rosenberg AR, Wolfe J, Bradford MC, Shaffer ML, Yi-Frazier JP, Curtis JR, et al. KS. Resilience and psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with cancer. Indian J Palliat Care. 2014;61(3):552-7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24854.
  • Habibpour Z, Mahmoudi H, Nir MS, Areshtanab HN. Resilience and its Predictors among the Parents of Children with Cancer: A Descriptive-Correlational Study. Indian J Palliat Care. 2019;25(1):79-83. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_128_18.
  • Keniş-Coşkun Ö, Atabay CE, Şekeroğlu A, Akdeniz E, Kasil B, Bozkurt G et al. The Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Resilience and Quality of Life in a Turkish Pediatric Rehabilitation Facility. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;52:e108-e113. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.10.014.
  • Ye ZJ, Qiu HZ, Li PF, Liang MZ, Wang SN, Quan XM. Resilience model for parents of children with cancer in mainland China-An exploratory study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;27:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.01.002.
  • Toledano-Toledano F, Luna D, Moral de la Rubia J, Martínez Valverde S, Bermúdez Morón CA, Salazar García M, Vasquez Pauca MJ. Psychosocial Factors Predicting Resilience in Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021,18(2):748. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020748.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Dursun Sİ. Quality of life, caregiver burden, and resilience among the family caregivers of cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2020; 48:101832. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101832.
  • Van Schoors M, Caes L, Verhofstadt LL, Goubert L, Alderfer MA. Systematic Review: Family Resilience After Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis. J Pediatr Psychol. 2015;40(9):856-68. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv055.
  • Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113.
  • Karaırmak O. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179(3):350-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012
  • Zarit SH, Zarit JM. The Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist and the Burden Interview. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, Gerontology Center.2019.
  • İnci F, Erdem M. Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği’nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirliği. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,2006; 11(4): 85-95.
  • Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov ., Kim-Prieto C, Choi D, Oishi S, Biswas-Diener R. New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research,2010; 97: 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y.
  • Telef BB. Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Fakültesi Dergisi Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi,2003; 28(3): 374-384.
  • Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
  • Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 2001; 12(1): 17-25.
  • Schumacker, R.E. ve Lomax, R.G. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Third Edition. New York: Routledge. 2000.
  • Almeida AC, Pereira MG. Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) of Adolescents With Chronic Illness. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016;31(5):528-36. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.04.009.
  • Greeff AP, Vansteenwegen A, Geldhof A. Resilience in families with a child with cancer. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;31(7):670-9. doi: 10.3109/08880018.2014.905666.
  • Johnson LA, Schreier AM, Swanson M, Moye JP, Ridner S. Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2019;46(3):318-328. doi: 10.1188/19.ONF.318-328.
  • Baran G, Arda Sürücü H, Hülya Üzel V. Resilience, life satisfaction, care burden and social support of mothers with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a comparative study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020;34(2):340-347. doi: 10.1111/scs.12734.
  • Al Qadire M, Aloush S, Alkhalaileh M, Qandeel H, Al-Sabbah A. Burden Among Parents of Children With Cancer in Jordan: Prevalence and Predictors. Cancer Nurs. 2020;43(5):396-401. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000724.
  • Ye ZJ, Guan HJ, Wu LH, Xiao MY, Luo DM, Quan XM. Resilience and Psychosocial Function Among Mainland Chinese Parents of Children With Cancer: A Cross-sectional Survey. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38(6):466-74. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000220. PMID: 25629894.

Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 130 - 138, 30.04.2024

Eda Açıkgöz Atay Özlem Işıl

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kanser tanısı almış çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin psikolojik dayanıklılığını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma 15 Temmuz-30 Aralık 2021 arasında bir hastanenin pediatrik onkoloji kliniğinde çocuğu tedavi alan 81 ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmada Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanıldı. Sayısal değişkenlere ait veriler için ortalama ve standart sapma, kategorik değişkenler için sayı ve yüzde kullanıldı. Yol analizinde değişkenler arası ilişki β kat sayısı, t değeri ve model uyum indeksleri (χ2/sd, RMSEA, GFI, NFI, NNFI ve CFI) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Bu araştırmada ebeveynlerin %81.5’i kadın, %48.1’i ilköğretim mezunu, %76.5’i evli, %65.4’ü çekirdek aile yapısına sahip idi ve %87.7’si çocuklarının bakımı konusunda yardım almamaktaydı. Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynlerin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ölçek toplam puanı 62.96±18.47, Bakım Verici Yükü Ölçeği toplam puanı 39.17±16.31, Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği toplam puanı 57.90±18.33, Psikolojik İyi Oluş toplam puanı 38.85±7.87 bulundu. Yol Analizi sonucunda ebeveynlerin psikolojik iyi oluşunun (β=0.35, t=3.17) ve algıladığı sosyal desteğin (β=0.35, t=3.49) ve) psikolojik dayanıklılıkları üzerinde etkili olduğu, bakım verici yükünün (β=0.06, t=0.54) ebeveynlerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarını etkilemediği saptandı. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada kanser tanısı alan çocukların ebeveynlerinin algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ve psikolojik iyi oluşunun psikolojik dayanıklılığını olumlu yönde etkilediği, bakım yükünün ise etkilemediği belirlendi. Bu doğrultuda ebeveynlerin psikolojik dayanıklılığını arttırmak için ebeveynlerin sosyal destek ve psikolojik iyi oluşuna yönelik müdahaleler planlanmalıdır.

Keywords

kanser çocuk ebeveyn psikolojik dayanıklılık sosyal destek psikolojik iyi oluş

References

  • World Health Organization. Global initiative for childhood cancer. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/cancer/who-childhood-cancer-overview-booklet.pdf. Kasım 2020’de basıldı. 13 Haziran 2021’de erişildi.
  • Jones BL. The challenge of quality care for family caregivers in pediatric cancer care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2012;28(4):213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2012.09.003.
  • Bajjani-Gebara J, Hinds P, Insel K, Reed P, Moore K, Badger T. Well-being, Self-transcendence, and Resilience of Parental Caregivers of Children in Active Cancer Treatment: Where Do We Go From Here? Cancer Nurs. 2019;42(5):E41-E52. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000662.
  • Wiener L, Battles H, Zadeh S, Pelletier W, Arruda-Colli MNF, Muriel AC. The perceived influence of childhood cancer on the parents' relationship. Psychooncology. 2017;26(12):2109-2117. doi: 10.1002/pon.4313.
  • Creswell PD, Wisk LE, Litzelman K, Allchin A, Witt WP. Parental depressive symptoms and childhood cancer: the importance of financial difficulties. Support Care Cancer. 2014 ;22(2):503-11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-2003-4.
  • Mezgebu E, Berhan E, Deribe L. Predictors of Resilience Among Parents of Children with Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study. Cancer Manag Res, 2020; 12: 11611–11621. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S276599.
  • Rosenberg AR, Wolfe J, Bradford MC, Shaffer ML, Yi-Frazier JP, Curtis JR, et al. KS. Resilience and psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with cancer. Indian J Palliat Care. 2014;61(3):552-7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24854.
  • Habibpour Z, Mahmoudi H, Nir MS, Areshtanab HN. Resilience and its Predictors among the Parents of Children with Cancer: A Descriptive-Correlational Study. Indian J Palliat Care. 2019;25(1):79-83. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_128_18.
  • Keniş-Coşkun Ö, Atabay CE, Şekeroğlu A, Akdeniz E, Kasil B, Bozkurt G et al. The Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Resilience and Quality of Life in a Turkish Pediatric Rehabilitation Facility. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;52:e108-e113. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.10.014.
  • Ye ZJ, Qiu HZ, Li PF, Liang MZ, Wang SN, Quan XM. Resilience model for parents of children with cancer in mainland China-An exploratory study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;27:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.01.002.
  • Toledano-Toledano F, Luna D, Moral de la Rubia J, Martínez Valverde S, Bermúdez Morón CA, Salazar García M, Vasquez Pauca MJ. Psychosocial Factors Predicting Resilience in Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021,18(2):748. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020748.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Dursun Sİ. Quality of life, caregiver burden, and resilience among the family caregivers of cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2020; 48:101832. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101832.
  • Van Schoors M, Caes L, Verhofstadt LL, Goubert L, Alderfer MA. Systematic Review: Family Resilience After Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis. J Pediatr Psychol. 2015;40(9):856-68. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv055.
  • Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113.
  • Karaırmak O. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179(3):350-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012
  • Zarit SH, Zarit JM. The Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist and the Burden Interview. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, Gerontology Center.2019.
  • İnci F, Erdem M. Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği’nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirliği. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,2006; 11(4): 85-95.
  • Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov ., Kim-Prieto C, Choi D, Oishi S, Biswas-Diener R. New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research,2010; 97: 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y.
  • Telef BB. Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Fakültesi Dergisi Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi,2003; 28(3): 374-384.
  • Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
  • Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 2001; 12(1): 17-25.
  • Schumacker, R.E. ve Lomax, R.G. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Third Edition. New York: Routledge. 2000.
  • Almeida AC, Pereira MG. Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) of Adolescents With Chronic Illness. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016;31(5):528-36. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.04.009.
  • Greeff AP, Vansteenwegen A, Geldhof A. Resilience in families with a child with cancer. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;31(7):670-9. doi: 10.3109/08880018.2014.905666.
  • Johnson LA, Schreier AM, Swanson M, Moye JP, Ridner S. Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2019;46(3):318-328. doi: 10.1188/19.ONF.318-328.
  • Baran G, Arda Sürücü H, Hülya Üzel V. Resilience, life satisfaction, care burden and social support of mothers with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a comparative study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020;34(2):340-347. doi: 10.1111/scs.12734.
  • Al Qadire M, Aloush S, Alkhalaileh M, Qandeel H, Al-Sabbah A. Burden Among Parents of Children With Cancer in Jordan: Prevalence and Predictors. Cancer Nurs. 2020;43(5):396-401. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000724.
  • Ye ZJ, Guan HJ, Wu LH, Xiao MY, Luo DM, Quan XM. Resilience and Psychosocial Function Among Mainland Chinese Parents of Children With Cancer: A Cross-sectional Survey. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38(6):466-74. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000220. PMID: 25629894.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eda Açıkgöz Atay 0000-0003-2592-8254

Özlem Işıl 0000-0002-9113-4594

Early Pub Date April 5, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date July 22, 2023
Acceptance Date November 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Açıkgöz Atay, E., & Işıl, Ö. (2024). Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 130-138.
AMA Açıkgöz Atay E, Işıl Ö. Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. April 2024;17(1):130-138.
Chicago Açıkgöz Atay, Eda, and Özlem Işıl. “Kanserli çocukların Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik dayanıklılığı Ve Etkileyen faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 17, no. 1 (April 2024): 130-38.
EndNote Açıkgöz Atay E, Işıl Ö (April 1, 2024) Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 17 1 130–138.
IEEE E. Açıkgöz Atay and Ö. Işıl, “Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 130–138, 2024.
ISNAD Açıkgöz Atay, Eda - Işıl, Özlem. “Kanserli çocukların Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik dayanıklılığı Ve Etkileyen faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 17/1 (April 2024), 130-138.
JAMA Açıkgöz Atay E, Işıl Ö. Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2024;17:130–138.
MLA Açıkgöz Atay, Eda and Özlem Işıl. “Kanserli çocukların Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik dayanıklılığı Ve Etkileyen faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, 2024, pp. 130-8.
Vancouver Açıkgöz Atay E, Işıl Ö. Kanserli çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2024;17(1):130-8.
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