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Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province

Year 2023, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 13 - 17, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1093159

Abstract

The fungal load of seeds is among the factors related to seed quality. Seed-borne fungi can cause significant crop losses and may produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to human health. This study aimed to determine the seed-borne fungi of bean, which is among one of the most important crops cultivated in Isparta province. Seed samples from the 2015-2016 vegetation period, obtained from bean growers in Isparta province were used in this study. The fungal load of randomly selected 200 seeds were investigated by blotter and agar methods and prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were determined. As a result, 41 species of fungi belonging to 26 genera were determined on 62 seed samples. The blotter method yielded 25 genera while 20 genera were determined by the agar method. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus species were the most common fungi found on almost all of the samples, for both methods. Infestation rates of these fungi were also high on bean seeds. Prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were generally higher in the blotter method, except for Fusarium and Verticillium species that were determined on the seed samples in higher frequencies by the agar method. Absidia, Arthrinium, Epicoccum, Nigrospora, Scopulariopsis and Stachybotrys species were determined only by the blotter method, while Seimatosporium sp. was found by the agar method. Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Stemphylium and Verticillium species are known as pathogenic fungi and may cause diseases on bean plants. Aspergillus and Penicillium species are saprobic fungi producing mycotoxins, so their presence on the seeds is also important.

References

  • Abdulwehab SA, El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE (2015) Leguminicolous fungi associated with some seeds of sudanese legumes. Biodiversitas 16(2): 269-280.
  • Alpaslan D, Özer N (2017) Detection of seed-borne fungal agents in canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds harvested in Thrace Region. Plant Protection Bulletin 57(3): 263-277.
  • Anwar SA, Riaz S, Ahmad CA, Subhani MN, Chattha MB (2013) Mycoflora associated with stored seeds of soybean. Mycopathologia 11(2): 85-90.
  • Asan A (2017) Checklist of Fusarium species reported from Turkey. Mycotaxon 116(1): 479.
  • Baştaş KK, Boyraz N, Maden S (2004) Determination of fungal flora in some sugar beet seeds cultivated in Turkey. Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Journal 18(3): 87-89.
  • Booth C (1971) The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Kew, UK.
  • Broggi LE, Gonzales HHL, Resnik SL, Pacin A (2007) Alternaria alternata prevalence in cereal grains and soybean seeds from Entre Ríos, Argentina. Revista Iberoamericana De Micología 24(1): 47.
  • Castillo MD, Gonzalez HHL, Martinez EJ, Pacin AM, Resnik SL (2004) Mycoflora and potential for mycotoxin production of freshly harvested black bean from the argentinean main production area. Mycopathologia 158: 107-112.
  • Chamswarng C, Cook RJ (1985) Identification and comparative pathogenicity of Pythium species from wheat roots and wheat-field soils in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 75: 821-827.
  • Demirci E, Çağlar A (1998) Fungi isolated from bean seeds in Erzurum Province. Plant Protection Bulletin 38(1-2): 91-97.
  • Domijan AM, Peraica M, Zlender V, Cvjetkovic B, Jurjevic Z, Topolovec-Pintaric S, Ivic D (2005) Seed-borne fungi and ochratoxin a contamination of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Republic of Croatia. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43(3): 427-432.
  • Duan C, Wang X, Zhu Z, Wu X (2007) Testing of seedborne fungi in wheat germplasm conserved in crop genebank of China. Agricultural Sciences in China 6(6): 682-687.
  • El-Gali ZI (2015) Seed-borne fungi of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Detection, pathogenicity and biological control in-vitro. International Journal of Nano Corrosion Science and Engineering 2(1): 33-41.
  • Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Kew, UK.
  • Ellis MB (1976) More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Kew, UK.
  • Elwakil MA, El-Refai IM, Awadallah OA, El-Metwally MA, Mohammed MS (2009) Seed-borne pathogens of faba bean in Egypt: Detection and pathogenicity. Plant Pathology Journal 8(3): 90-97.
  • Ghangaokar NM, Kshirsagar AD (2013) Study of seed borne fungi of different legumes. Trends in Life Sciences 2(1): 32-35.
  • Kaiser WJ (1997) Inter-and intranational spread of ascochyta pathogens of chickpea, faba bean, and lentil. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 19(2): 215-224.
  • Küçük Ç, Kıvanç M, Çakır S, Hasenekoğlu İ (2005) Fungi isolated from dry bean seeds in Eskişehir Province. Orlab On-Line Journal of Microbiology 3(7): 1-4.
  • Kurt Ş (2013) Bitki hastalıkları ile savaş yöntemleri ve ilaçlar. Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Leena MD, Easwaramoorthy S, Nirmala R (2003) In vitro production of entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces farinosus (Hotmskiold) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson using byproducts of sugar industry and other agro-industrial byproducts and wastes. Sugar Tech 5(4): 231-236.
  • Leslie JF, Summerell BA (2006) The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA.
  • Maden S, İren, S (1984) Identification of some important seed-transmitted fungal disease agents in beans, studies on transportation methods and control methods. Ankara University Institute of Science and Technology, Publication No. BK2, Ankara.
  • Marcenaro D, Valkonen JPT (2016) Seedborne pathogenic fungi in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. INTA Rojo) in Nicaragua. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168662.
  • Marcinkowska JZ (2002) Methods of finding and identification of pathogens in seeds. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 46(1): 31-48.
  • MCT (2016) Ministry of Culture and Tourism Information Systems, Economic Structure Isparta Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism. http://www.ispartakulturturizm. gov.tr/TR,71027/ekonomik-yapi.html. Accessed 24 August, 2016.
  • MFAL (2014) Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Edible Legumes Workshop. http://www.tarim.gov.tr/BUGEM/Belgeler/Duyurular/YEMEKLIK%20BAKLAGIL%20CALISTAYI%20WEB%20i%C3%A7in%20Son.pdf. Accessed 23 August, 2016.
  • Mota JM, Melo MP, Silva FFS, Sousa EMJ, Sousa ES, Barguil BM, Beserra Jr JEA (2017) Fungal diversity in Lima bean seeds. Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering 11(1): 79-87.
  • Paylan İC, Erkan S, Ergün M, Çandar A (2011) The comparison of the sensitivity of viral detection methods in certain vegetable seeds. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 40(1-3): 21-31.
  • Pitt JI, Hocking AD (1997) Fungi and Food Spoilage. Academic Press, Sydney.
  • Russell R, Paterson M, Lima N (2017) Filamentous fungal human pathogens from food emphasising Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. Microorganisms 5(3): 44.
  • Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (1995) Introduction to food-borne fungi. Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands.
  • Sanchez-Garcia BM, Gonzalez-Flores F, Pons-Hernandez JL, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Cabral-Enciso M, Fraire-Velasquez S, Simpson J, Rodriguez-Guerra R (2006) Fusarium lateritium: New pathogen of bean roots in Mexico. Agricultura técnica en México 32(3): 251-257.
  • Sato T, Aoki M, Aoki T, Kubota M, Yaguchi T, Uzuhashi S, Tomioka K (2014) Fungi isolated from spoiled bean sprouts in Japan. JARQ 48(3): 317-329.
  • Tseng TC, Tu JC, Soo LC (1995a) Comparison of the profiles of seed-borne fungi and the occurrence of aflatoxins in mould-damaged beans and soybeans. Microbios 84: 105-116.
  • Tseng TC, Tu JC, Tzean SS (1995b) Mycoflora and mycotoxins in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) produced in Taiwan and in Ontario, Canada. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 36: 229-234.
  • TURKSTAT (2015) Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. Accessed 24 August, 2016.
  • TURKSTAT (2022) Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. Accessed 23 February, 2022.
  • Urosevic B (1961) The Influence of Saprophytic and semi parasitic fungi on the germination of Norway spruce and scots pine seeds. International Seed Testing Association 26: 537-556.
  • Varankaya S (2011) Determination of some agricultural characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes grown in Yozgat ecological conditions. Selcuk University Institute of Science and Technology Master Thesis 36s, Konya.
  • Vijayan AK (1988) Studies on Seed Mycoflora of Some Important Forest Tree Species of Northern India. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Garhwal, Srinagar.
  • Watanabe T (2002) Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi, morphologies of cutured fungi and key to species. Second Edition. CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA.
  • Webster J, Weber RWS (2007) Introduction to fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Yesuf M, Sangchote S (2005) Occurrence and distribution of major seedborne fungi associated with Phaseolus bean seeds in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Natural Resources 39(2): 216-225.
  • Zaidi RK, Pathak N (2013) Evaluation of seed infection of fungi in chickpea. E-Journal of Science and Technology 2(8): 27-36.

Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province

Year 2023, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 13 - 17, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1093159

Abstract

The fungal load of seeds is among the factors related to seed quality. Seed-borne fungi can cause significant crop losses and may produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to human health. This study aimed to determine the seed-borne fungi of bean, which is among one of the most important crops cultivated in Isparta province. Seed samples from the 2015-2016 vegetation period, obtained from bean growers in Isparta province were used in this study. The fungal load of randomly selected 200 seeds were investigated by blotter and agar methods and prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were determined. As a result, 41 species of fungi belonging to 26 genera were determined on 62 seed samples. The blotter method yielded 25 genera while 20 genera were determined by the agar method. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus species were the most common fungi found on almost all of the samples, for both methods. Infestation rates of these fungi were also high on bean seeds. Prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were generally higher in the blotter method, except for Fusarium and Verticillium species that were determined on the seed samples in higher frequencies by the agar method. Absidia, Arthrinium, Epicoccum, Nigrospora, Scopulariopsis and Stachybotrys species were determined only by the blotter method, while Seimatosporium sp. was found by the agar method. Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Stemphylium and Verticillium species are known as pathogenic fungi and may cause diseases on bean plants. Aspergillus and Penicillium species are saprobic fungi producing mycotoxins, so their presence on the seeds is also important.

References

  • Abdulwehab SA, El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE (2015) Leguminicolous fungi associated with some seeds of sudanese legumes. Biodiversitas 16(2): 269-280.
  • Alpaslan D, Özer N (2017) Detection of seed-borne fungal agents in canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds harvested in Thrace Region. Plant Protection Bulletin 57(3): 263-277.
  • Anwar SA, Riaz S, Ahmad CA, Subhani MN, Chattha MB (2013) Mycoflora associated with stored seeds of soybean. Mycopathologia 11(2): 85-90.
  • Asan A (2017) Checklist of Fusarium species reported from Turkey. Mycotaxon 116(1): 479.
  • Baştaş KK, Boyraz N, Maden S (2004) Determination of fungal flora in some sugar beet seeds cultivated in Turkey. Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Journal 18(3): 87-89.
  • Booth C (1971) The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Kew, UK.
  • Broggi LE, Gonzales HHL, Resnik SL, Pacin A (2007) Alternaria alternata prevalence in cereal grains and soybean seeds from Entre Ríos, Argentina. Revista Iberoamericana De Micología 24(1): 47.
  • Castillo MD, Gonzalez HHL, Martinez EJ, Pacin AM, Resnik SL (2004) Mycoflora and potential for mycotoxin production of freshly harvested black bean from the argentinean main production area. Mycopathologia 158: 107-112.
  • Chamswarng C, Cook RJ (1985) Identification and comparative pathogenicity of Pythium species from wheat roots and wheat-field soils in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 75: 821-827.
  • Demirci E, Çağlar A (1998) Fungi isolated from bean seeds in Erzurum Province. Plant Protection Bulletin 38(1-2): 91-97.
  • Domijan AM, Peraica M, Zlender V, Cvjetkovic B, Jurjevic Z, Topolovec-Pintaric S, Ivic D (2005) Seed-borne fungi and ochratoxin a contamination of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Republic of Croatia. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43(3): 427-432.
  • Duan C, Wang X, Zhu Z, Wu X (2007) Testing of seedborne fungi in wheat germplasm conserved in crop genebank of China. Agricultural Sciences in China 6(6): 682-687.
  • El-Gali ZI (2015) Seed-borne fungi of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Detection, pathogenicity and biological control in-vitro. International Journal of Nano Corrosion Science and Engineering 2(1): 33-41.
  • Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Kew, UK.
  • Ellis MB (1976) More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Kew, UK.
  • Elwakil MA, El-Refai IM, Awadallah OA, El-Metwally MA, Mohammed MS (2009) Seed-borne pathogens of faba bean in Egypt: Detection and pathogenicity. Plant Pathology Journal 8(3): 90-97.
  • Ghangaokar NM, Kshirsagar AD (2013) Study of seed borne fungi of different legumes. Trends in Life Sciences 2(1): 32-35.
  • Kaiser WJ (1997) Inter-and intranational spread of ascochyta pathogens of chickpea, faba bean, and lentil. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 19(2): 215-224.
  • Küçük Ç, Kıvanç M, Çakır S, Hasenekoğlu İ (2005) Fungi isolated from dry bean seeds in Eskişehir Province. Orlab On-Line Journal of Microbiology 3(7): 1-4.
  • Kurt Ş (2013) Bitki hastalıkları ile savaş yöntemleri ve ilaçlar. Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Leena MD, Easwaramoorthy S, Nirmala R (2003) In vitro production of entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces farinosus (Hotmskiold) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson using byproducts of sugar industry and other agro-industrial byproducts and wastes. Sugar Tech 5(4): 231-236.
  • Leslie JF, Summerell BA (2006) The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA.
  • Maden S, İren, S (1984) Identification of some important seed-transmitted fungal disease agents in beans, studies on transportation methods and control methods. Ankara University Institute of Science and Technology, Publication No. BK2, Ankara.
  • Marcenaro D, Valkonen JPT (2016) Seedborne pathogenic fungi in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. INTA Rojo) in Nicaragua. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168662.
  • Marcinkowska JZ (2002) Methods of finding and identification of pathogens in seeds. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 46(1): 31-48.
  • MCT (2016) Ministry of Culture and Tourism Information Systems, Economic Structure Isparta Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism. http://www.ispartakulturturizm. gov.tr/TR,71027/ekonomik-yapi.html. Accessed 24 August, 2016.
  • MFAL (2014) Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Edible Legumes Workshop. http://www.tarim.gov.tr/BUGEM/Belgeler/Duyurular/YEMEKLIK%20BAKLAGIL%20CALISTAYI%20WEB%20i%C3%A7in%20Son.pdf. Accessed 23 August, 2016.
  • Mota JM, Melo MP, Silva FFS, Sousa EMJ, Sousa ES, Barguil BM, Beserra Jr JEA (2017) Fungal diversity in Lima bean seeds. Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering 11(1): 79-87.
  • Paylan İC, Erkan S, Ergün M, Çandar A (2011) The comparison of the sensitivity of viral detection methods in certain vegetable seeds. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 40(1-3): 21-31.
  • Pitt JI, Hocking AD (1997) Fungi and Food Spoilage. Academic Press, Sydney.
  • Russell R, Paterson M, Lima N (2017) Filamentous fungal human pathogens from food emphasising Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. Microorganisms 5(3): 44.
  • Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (1995) Introduction to food-borne fungi. Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands.
  • Sanchez-Garcia BM, Gonzalez-Flores F, Pons-Hernandez JL, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Cabral-Enciso M, Fraire-Velasquez S, Simpson J, Rodriguez-Guerra R (2006) Fusarium lateritium: New pathogen of bean roots in Mexico. Agricultura técnica en México 32(3): 251-257.
  • Sato T, Aoki M, Aoki T, Kubota M, Yaguchi T, Uzuhashi S, Tomioka K (2014) Fungi isolated from spoiled bean sprouts in Japan. JARQ 48(3): 317-329.
  • Tseng TC, Tu JC, Soo LC (1995a) Comparison of the profiles of seed-borne fungi and the occurrence of aflatoxins in mould-damaged beans and soybeans. Microbios 84: 105-116.
  • Tseng TC, Tu JC, Tzean SS (1995b) Mycoflora and mycotoxins in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) produced in Taiwan and in Ontario, Canada. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 36: 229-234.
  • TURKSTAT (2015) Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. Accessed 24 August, 2016.
  • TURKSTAT (2022) Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. Accessed 23 February, 2022.
  • Urosevic B (1961) The Influence of Saprophytic and semi parasitic fungi on the germination of Norway spruce and scots pine seeds. International Seed Testing Association 26: 537-556.
  • Varankaya S (2011) Determination of some agricultural characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes grown in Yozgat ecological conditions. Selcuk University Institute of Science and Technology Master Thesis 36s, Konya.
  • Vijayan AK (1988) Studies on Seed Mycoflora of Some Important Forest Tree Species of Northern India. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Garhwal, Srinagar.
  • Watanabe T (2002) Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi, morphologies of cutured fungi and key to species. Second Edition. CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA.
  • Webster J, Weber RWS (2007) Introduction to fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Yesuf M, Sangchote S (2005) Occurrence and distribution of major seedborne fungi associated with Phaseolus bean seeds in Ethiopia. Agriculture and Natural Resources 39(2): 216-225.
  • Zaidi RK, Pathak N (2013) Evaluation of seed infection of fungi in chickpea. E-Journal of Science and Technology 2(8): 27-36.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Şehnaz Mertoğlu 0000-0002-9205-8896

Gürsel Hatat Karaca 0000-0002-5159-2734

Publication Date April 1, 2023
Submission Date March 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 36 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mertoğlu, Ş., & Hatat Karaca, G. (2023). Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 36(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1093159
AMA Mertoğlu Ş, Hatat Karaca G. Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. April 2023;36(1):13-17. doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1093159
Chicago Mertoğlu, Şehnaz, and Gürsel Hatat Karaca. “Fungi on Bean Seeds Obtained from Growers in Isparta Province”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 36, no. 1 (April 2023): 13-17. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1093159.
EndNote Mertoğlu Ş, Hatat Karaca G (April 1, 2023) Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 36 1 13–17.
IEEE Ş. Mertoğlu and G. Hatat Karaca, “Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 13–17, 2023, doi: 10.29136/mediterranean.1093159.
ISNAD Mertoğlu, Şehnaz - Hatat Karaca, Gürsel. “Fungi on Bean Seeds Obtained from Growers in Isparta Province”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 36/1 (April 2023), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1093159.
JAMA Mertoğlu Ş, Hatat Karaca G. Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2023;36:13–17.
MLA Mertoğlu, Şehnaz and Gürsel Hatat Karaca. “Fungi on Bean Seeds Obtained from Growers in Isparta Province”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 36, no. 1, 2023, pp. 13-17, doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1093159.
Vancouver Mertoğlu Ş, Hatat Karaca G. Fungi on bean seeds obtained from growers in Isparta province. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2023;36(1):13-7.

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