Research Article
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Effects of Grobiyotic®-A on growth, whole body composition, and intestinal histology of endangered brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma)

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 105 - 112, 31.12.2020

Hatice Sönmez Metin Yazıcı Selmin Özer

Abstract

Brown trout is a very important salmonid species with high economic value and an important aquaculture potential. Due to various reasons, it is in danger of extinction in its natural environment. For this reason, both stocking studies have been carried out in natural environments and aquaculture potential has been investigated. As functional feed additives prebiotics have been reported to have many beneficial effects on growth, survival, immune system, increased absorption in the gut, and improving the general welfare of some fish and crustaceans. The dietary supplementation of the commercial prebiotic Grobiotic®-A (Gb-A) has not been evaluated in Salmo trutta macrostigma. This study was planned a preliminary investigation of Gb-A prebiotic supplementation in brown trout diets. In this study, the effects of Gb-A on growth performance, gut structure, and body composition of brown trout were investigated. For this purpose, 600 fish with a mean weight of 0.43 g were used. Gb-A was applied to fish with artemia and feed. After 90 days feeding of the experimental diets, no effect on weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, and body structure was observed between the control and Gb-A added groups (1.4% Gb-A and 2.8% Gb-A). However, the intestinal villus length of fish fed 1.4% Grobiotic®-A was higher than fish fed the basal diet and 2.8% Grobiotic®-A. Also, lipid accumulation was observed in both Gb-A supplemented groups in the distal intestine compared to the control group.

Keywords

Grobiotic®-A prebiotic functional feeds artemia Brown trout

Thanks

We appreciate Prof. Dr. Delbert M. Gatlin and International Ingredient Corporation (St. Louis, MO) for kindly providing GroBiotic®-A. We are grateful to Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Nature Conservation and National Parks General Directorate for allowing us to use the facilities located in Tarsus opportunities. We also thank Dr. R. Eda Yardimci (University of Istanbul, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences) for her contribution to histological studies.

References

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  • Akrami, R., Chitsaz, H., Hezarjaribi, A. & Ziaei, R. (2012). Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance and immune response of gibel carp juveniles (Carassius auratus gibelio). Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2(10): 507-513.
  • Anguiano M., Pohlenz C., Buentello A. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2013). The effects of prebiotics on the digestive enzymes and gut histomorphology of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis). British Journal of Nutrition, 109(4):623-629.
  • AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International.
  • Azari, A., Hashim, R., Takami, G. A. & Roohi, A. (2013). Effect of increasing dietary prebiotic GroBiotic®-A concentration on growth performance, body indices and haematological parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling. Ecopersia, 1(3): 393-406.
  • Bae, J., Hamidoghli, A., Won, S., Choi, W., Lim, S. G., Kim, K. W., Lee, B. J., Hur, S. W. & Bai, S. C. (2020). Evaluation of seven different functional feed additives in a low fish meal diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 525: 735333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735333.
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  • Burr, G. & Gatlin, D. M. III (2009). Effects of the prebiotics Gro-Biotic-A and inulin on the intestinal microbiota of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 40: 440-449.
  • Carbone, D. & Faggio, C. (2016). Importance of prebiotics in aquaculture as immunostimulants. Effects on immune system of Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 54: 172-178.
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  • Ganguly, S., Dora, K. C., Sarkar, S. & Chowdhury, S. (2013). Supplementation of prebiotics in fish feed: a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 23:195-199.
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  • Guardiola, F. A., Bahi, A., Jiménez-Monreal, A. M., Martínez-Tome, M., Murciac, M. A. & Esteban, M. A. (2018). Dietary administration effects of fenugreek seeds on skin mucosal antioxidant and immunity status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 75: 357-364.
  • Guerreiro, I., Serra, C. R., Enes, P., Couto, A., Salvador, A., Costas, B. & Oliva-Teles, A. (2016). Effect of short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on immunological status and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) reared at two temperatures. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 49: 122-131.
  • Güven, E., Yıldız, M. & Baltacı, M. A. (2016). A study on incubation of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta sp.) eggs and feeding of fry. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 33(3): 209-216. (In Turkish)
  • Hoang, D. H. (2019). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in the diet on growth performance and physiology of juvenile lobster, Panulirus polyphagus. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2): 302-307.
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Khalili, M., Khoshbavar Rostami, H. & Esteban, M. Á. (2013). Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 35(5): 1416-1420.
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Esteban, M. A., Cuesta, A. & Sun, Y. Z. (2015). Prebiotics and fish immune response: A review of current knowledge and future perspectives. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 23: 315-328.
  • Hutkins, R. W., Krumbeck, J. A., Bindels, L. B., Cani, P. D., George Fahey Jr., Goh, Y. J., Hamaker, B., Martens, E. C., Mills, D. A., Rastal, R. A., Vaughan, E. & Sanders, M. E. (2016). Prebiotics: why definitions matte. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 37: 1-7.
  • Kocabas, M., Kayim, M., Can, E., Kutluyer, F. & Aksu, O. (2011). The reproduction traits of native brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma T., 1954). Turkey Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(13):1632-1637.
  • Kocabas, M., Başçınar, N. & Kutluyer, F. (2015). Eşsiz vadinin süslüsü Türkiye doğal alabalık ekotiplerinden kırmızı benekli alabalık Salmo trutta’ nın bugünü yarını. Eko Analiz, 1(2): 26-29.
  • Li, P. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2004). Dietary brewers yeast and the prebiotic GroBiotic AE influence growth performance, immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Aquaculture, 231: 445-456.
  • Li, P. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2005). Evaluation of the prebiotic GroBiotic®-A and brewers yeast as dietary supplements for sub-adult hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis) challenged in situ with Mycobacterium marinum. Aquaculture, 248(1–4): 197-205.
  • Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S. H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L. & Steinberg, C. E. W. (2020). Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2): 943-965. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12365.
  • Naz, M. (2008). The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34(4): 391-404.
  • Oz, M. & Dikel, S. (2015). Body compositions and fatty acid profile of Salmo trutta macrostigma caught from Korkun Brook. Advances in Zoology and Botany, 3(4): 190-192.
  • Peredo, A. M., Buentello, A., Gatlin, D. M. III. & Hume, M. E. (2015). Evaluation of a dairy-yeast prebiotic in the diet of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(1): 92-101.
  • Ringo, E., Olsen, R. E., Gifstad, T., Dalmo, R. A., Amlund, H., Hemre, G. I. & Bakke, A.M. (2010). Prebiotics in aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(2): 117-136.
  • Ringo, E., Dimitroglou, A., Hoseinifar, S. H. & Davies, S. J. (2014). Prebiotics in finfish: An update, aquaculture nutrition: GutHealth, probiotics and prebiotics, First Edition. Edited by Daniel Merrifield and Einar Ringo, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. s. 360-400.
  • Rossi, W., Tomasso, J. R. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2015). Production performance and non-specific immunity of cage-raised red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, fed soybean-based diets. Aquaculture, 443(1): 84-89.
  • Rossi Jr. W., Ju, M., Tomasso, J. R. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2017). Nutrition of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.: An additional evaluation of the effects of soya-based diets and supplemental prebiotic. Aquaculture Research, 48(10): 5224-5234.
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Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 105 - 112, 31.12.2020

Hatice Sönmez Metin Yazıcı Selmin Özer

Abstract

References

  • Adel, M., Nayak, S., Lazado, C.C. & Yeganeh, S. (2016). Effects of dietary prebiotic GroBiotic®-A on growth performance, plasma thyroid hormones and mucosal immunity of great sturgeon, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32(5): 825-831.
  • Adel, M., Safari, R., Yeganeh, S., Binaii, M., Ghiasi, M. & Ahmandvand, S. (2017). Effect of dietary GroBiotic®-A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora, growth performance, haemato-serological parameters, survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(3): 492-499.
  • Akhter, N., Wu, B., Memon, A. M. & Mohsin, M. (2015). Probiotics and prebiotics associated with aquaculture: A review. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 45: 733-741.
  • Akrami, R., Chitsaz, H., Hezarjaribi, A. & Ziaei, R. (2012). Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance and immune response of gibel carp juveniles (Carassius auratus gibelio). Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2(10): 507-513.
  • Anguiano M., Pohlenz C., Buentello A. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2013). The effects of prebiotics on the digestive enzymes and gut histomorphology of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis). British Journal of Nutrition, 109(4):623-629.
  • AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International.
  • Azari, A., Hashim, R., Takami, G. A. & Roohi, A. (2013). Effect of increasing dietary prebiotic GroBiotic®-A concentration on growth performance, body indices and haematological parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling. Ecopersia, 1(3): 393-406.
  • Bae, J., Hamidoghli, A., Won, S., Choi, W., Lim, S. G., Kim, K. W., Lee, B. J., Hur, S. W. & Bai, S. C. (2020). Evaluation of seven different functional feed additives in a low fish meal diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 525: 735333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735333.
  • Betiku, O. C., Yeoman, C. J., Gibson Gaylord, T., Duff, G. C., Hamerly, T., Bothner, B., Block, S. S. & Sealey, W. M. (2018). Differences in amino acid catabolism by gut microbes with/without prebiotics inclusion in GDDY-based diet affect feed utilization in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 490: 108-119.
  • Bozkurt, Y., Yavaş, İ. & Karaca, F. (2012). Cryopreservation of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) and ornamental koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm. In I. I. Katkov (Ed.), Current Frontiers in Cryopreservation, 2: 293-304. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/2528
  • Buentello, J. A., Neill, W. H. & Gatlin III, D. M. (2010). Effects of dietary prebiotics on the growth, feed efficiency and non-specific immunity of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus fed soybean-based diets. Aquaculture Research, 41: 411-418.
  • Burr, G. & Gatlin, D. M. III (2009). Effects of the prebiotics Gro-Biotic-A and inulin on the intestinal microbiota of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 40: 440-449.
  • Carbone, D. & Faggio, C. (2016). Importance of prebiotics in aquaculture as immunostimulants. Effects on immune system of Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 54: 172-178.
  • Dawood, M. A. O. & Koshio, S. (2016). Recent advances in the role of probiotics and prebiotics in carp aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture, 454: 243-251.
  • Defoirdt, T., Sorgeloos, P. & Bossier, P. (2011). Alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial disease in aquaculture. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 14:251-258.
  • Demir, O., Gülle, İ., Gümüş, E., Küçük, F., Günlü, A. & Kepene, K. (2010). Some reproductive features of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) and its larval development under culture conditions. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30(4): 223-226.
  • Dimitroglou, A., Merrifield, D. L., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., Avella, M., Daniels, C., Güroy, D. & Davies, S. J. (2011). Microbial manipulations to improve fish health and production-A Mediterranean perspective. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30: 1-16.
  • Doan, H. V., Hoseinifar, S. H., Tapingkae, W., Tongsiri, S. & Khamtavee, P. (2016). Combined administration of low molecular weight sodium alginate boosted immunomodulatory, disease resistance and growth enhancing effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 58: 678-685.
  • Ganguly, S., Dora, K. C., Sarkar, S. & Chowdhury, S. (2013). Supplementation of prebiotics in fish feed: a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 23:195-199.
  • Ghafarifarsani, H., Rashidian, G., Bagheri, T., Hoseinifar, S. H., Van, H., Resources, N., Modares, T. & Fisheries, O. (2020). Study on growth enhancement and the protective effects of dietary prebiotic inulin on immunity responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Annals of Animal Science, https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0074.
  • Gonzalez-Felix, M. L., Gatlin, D. M., Urquidez-Bejarano, P., de la Ree-Rodriguez, C., Duarte-Rodriguez, L., Sanchez, F., Casas-Reyes, A., Yamamoto, F. Y., Ochoa-Leyva, A. & Perez-Velazquez, M. (2018). Effects of commercial dietary prebiotic and probiotic supplements on growth, innate immune responses, and intestinal microbiota and histology of Totoaba macdonaldi. Aquaculture, 491(3): 239-251.
  • Guardiola, F. A., Bahi, A., Jiménez-Monreal, A. M., Martínez-Tome, M., Murciac, M. A. & Esteban, M. A. (2018). Dietary administration effects of fenugreek seeds on skin mucosal antioxidant and immunity status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 75: 357-364.
  • Guerreiro, I., Serra, C. R., Enes, P., Couto, A., Salvador, A., Costas, B. & Oliva-Teles, A. (2016). Effect of short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on immunological status and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) reared at two temperatures. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 49: 122-131.
  • Güven, E., Yıldız, M. & Baltacı, M. A. (2016). A study on incubation of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta sp.) eggs and feeding of fry. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 33(3): 209-216. (In Turkish)
  • Hoang, D. H. (2019). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in the diet on growth performance and physiology of juvenile lobster, Panulirus polyphagus. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2): 302-307.
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Khalili, M., Khoshbavar Rostami, H. & Esteban, M. Á. (2013). Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 35(5): 1416-1420.
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Esteban, M. A., Cuesta, A. & Sun, Y. Z. (2015). Prebiotics and fish immune response: A review of current knowledge and future perspectives. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 23: 315-328.
  • Hutkins, R. W., Krumbeck, J. A., Bindels, L. B., Cani, P. D., George Fahey Jr., Goh, Y. J., Hamaker, B., Martens, E. C., Mills, D. A., Rastal, R. A., Vaughan, E. & Sanders, M. E. (2016). Prebiotics: why definitions matte. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 37: 1-7.
  • Kocabas, M., Kayim, M., Can, E., Kutluyer, F. & Aksu, O. (2011). The reproduction traits of native brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma T., 1954). Turkey Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(13):1632-1637.
  • Kocabas, M., Başçınar, N. & Kutluyer, F. (2015). Eşsiz vadinin süslüsü Türkiye doğal alabalık ekotiplerinden kırmızı benekli alabalık Salmo trutta’ nın bugünü yarını. Eko Analiz, 1(2): 26-29.
  • Li, P. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2004). Dietary brewers yeast and the prebiotic GroBiotic AE influence growth performance, immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Aquaculture, 231: 445-456.
  • Li, P. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2005). Evaluation of the prebiotic GroBiotic®-A and brewers yeast as dietary supplements for sub-adult hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis) challenged in situ with Mycobacterium marinum. Aquaculture, 248(1–4): 197-205.
  • Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S. H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L. & Steinberg, C. E. W. (2020). Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2): 943-965. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12365.
  • Naz, M. (2008). The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34(4): 391-404.
  • Oz, M. & Dikel, S. (2015). Body compositions and fatty acid profile of Salmo trutta macrostigma caught from Korkun Brook. Advances in Zoology and Botany, 3(4): 190-192.
  • Peredo, A. M., Buentello, A., Gatlin, D. M. III. & Hume, M. E. (2015). Evaluation of a dairy-yeast prebiotic in the diet of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46(1): 92-101.
  • Ringo, E., Olsen, R. E., Gifstad, T., Dalmo, R. A., Amlund, H., Hemre, G. I. & Bakke, A.M. (2010). Prebiotics in aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(2): 117-136.
  • Ringo, E., Dimitroglou, A., Hoseinifar, S. H. & Davies, S. J. (2014). Prebiotics in finfish: An update, aquaculture nutrition: GutHealth, probiotics and prebiotics, First Edition. Edited by Daniel Merrifield and Einar Ringo, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. s. 360-400.
  • Rossi, W., Tomasso, J. R. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2015). Production performance and non-specific immunity of cage-raised red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, fed soybean-based diets. Aquaculture, 443(1): 84-89.
  • Rossi Jr. W., Ju, M., Tomasso, J. R. & Gatlin, D. M. III. (2017). Nutrition of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.: An additional evaluation of the effects of soya-based diets and supplemental prebiotic. Aquaculture Research, 48(10): 5224-5234.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fisheries Management
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hatice Sönmez 0000-0001-9928-4514

Metin Yazıcı 0000-0001-9928-4514

Selmin Özer 0000-0001-6283-5976

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date November 6, 2020
Acceptance Date December 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sönmez, H., Yazıcı, M., & Özer, S. (2020). Effects of Grobiyotic®-A on growth, whole body composition, and intestinal histology of endangered brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma). Marine and Life Sciences, 2(2), 105-112.
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