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Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 429 - 443, 13.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1285935

Abstract

One of the most profitable vegetable crops for farmers to plant is peas. Pea seeding by hand is still one of the most tedious techniques farmers use today. Pea seed sowing requires a more significant number of skilled workers. The soil is dug by one person, and the pea seeds is sown there by another. Regarding farmers, the availability of skilled labor is still another issue. Egypt has many small farms; hence, it is necessary to produce small-scale farming machinery. Thus, this research manufactures a solar-powered seeding mechanism exclusively for small farmers at a low cost to overcome the problems of a lack of labor skills, sowing times, labor cost, accurate seeding, and seed losses. Increase profit for farmers who plant vegetable crops. The machine is provided with an accurate system to achieve accurate seed distribution. A complex gear mechanism is replaced with a sensor to make seeding simpler. There is an input LCD screen to sow at various distances between seeds. The distance between rows can be maintained. Also, there is a solar tracking system, which is essential for receiving more direct sunlight. Also, the motors used are 12 volts, so they are compatible with the electricity produced from the solar panel without the need for a voltage converter, which reduces costs. Also, both fuel costs and air pollution do not exist. The study includes two experimental variables: four theoretical hill spacings of 15, 18, 21, and 24 cm and four sowing depths of 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. The measurements include the plant's longitudinal dispersal, lateral dispersal, emergence percentage, and operating costs. The minimum values of longitudinal and lateral dispersal and the highest value of emergence percentage were obtained at a theoretical hill spacing of 24 cm and a sowing depth of 5 cm. The developed machine can lower the operational cost by 94.96%, as one skilled worker can adequate complete the seeding operation. Therefore, it is suggested to use the solar-powered system for seeding pea seeds in small-scale farming.

References

  • Ani, O., Uzoejinwa, B. and Anochili, N. (2016). Design, construction and evaluation of a vertical plate maize seed planter for garden and small holder farmers. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(3): 647 – 655. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i3.25
  • Bashiri, M., Ode, A. and Ogwuche, U. (2013). Development of a hand planter. Journal of Research in National Development, 11(2): 1-6.
  • Bute, P. V., Deshmukh, S., Rai, G., Patil, C. and Deshmukh, V. (2018). Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(1): 865-868.
  • Coates, W. (1992). Performance evaluation of a pendulum spreader. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(3): 285-288. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.26066
  • FAOSTAT (2021). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed Date: 02.07.2022)
  • Goswami, K. and Shukla, P. (2019). Evaluation of improved varieties of field pea (Pisum sativum) for nutritional and functional quality. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(5): 2260–2266.
  • Kaiser, A. C., Barber, N., Manthey, F. and Hall, C. (2019). Physicochemical properties of hammer-milled yellow split pea (Pisum Sativum L.). Cereal Chemistry, 96(2): 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10127
  • Millar, K.A., Gallagher, E., Burke, R., McCarthy, S. and Barry-Ryan, C. (2019). Proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors of fava-bean (Vicia faba), green-pea and yellow-pea (Pisum sativum) flour. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 82: 103233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103233
  • Mishra, N. K., Khare, S., Singh, S. and Dabur, M. (2017). Multi-purpose agriculture machine. International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, 5(1): 40-43.
  • MOAGS (2016). Holdings and Their Characterization, General Directorate of Agricultural Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, - Egypt :1-12. (in Arabic).
  • Moharram, N. A., Tarek, A., Gaber, M. and Bayoumi, S. (2022). Brief review on Egypt’s renewable energy current status and future vision. Energy Reports, 8: 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.103
  • Pundkar, M. R. and Mahalle A. K. (2015). A seed sowing machine: A review. International Journal of Engineering and Social Science, 3 (3): 68-74.
  • Rabbani, M. A., Hossain, M. M., Asha, J. F. and Khan, N. A. (2016). Design and development of a low-cost planter for maize establishment. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 4(1): 270-279. https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.040116.30
  • Robinson, G. H. J., Balk, J. and Domoney, C. (2019). Improving pulse crops as a source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Nutrition Bulletin, 44(3): 202–215. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/nbu.12399
  • Rohokale, A. B., Shewale, P. D., Pokharkar, S. B. and Sanap, K. K. (2014). A review on multi-seed sowing machines. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(2): 180-186.
  • SAS (2012). Version 90 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC.
  • Shree Harsha, B. T., Chellur, S., Aparna Latha, A. and Sandeep Kumar, Y. H. M. (2017). Multi-purpose Agricultural Vehicle. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(6): 125-129.
  • Sujon, M. D. I., Nasir, R., Habib, M. M. I., Nomaan M. I., Baidya J. and Islam, M. R. (2018). Agribot: Arduino Controlled Autonomous Multipurpose Farm Machinery Robot for Small to Medium Scale Cultivation. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems, March pp. 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoIAS.2018.8494164
  • Swetha, S. and Shreeharsha. G. H. (2015). Solar Operated Seed Sowing Machine. International Journal of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and Technology, 4(1): 67-71.
  • Turkboyları E. Y. and Yuksel A. N. (2021). Use of solar panel system in vermicompost (worm manure) production facilities as source of energy. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(1): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.726165
  • Turkboyları, E. Y. (2018). Disinfection of hotbeds with the thermal energy generated by solar collectors under climatic conditions of Tekirdağ, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 15(1): 123-128.
  • Umarkar, S. and Karwankar, A. (2016). Automated Seed Sowing Agribot Using Arduino. International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu; India; 4-6 April, Category numberCFP1689M-ART; Code 124976, pp. 1379-1383. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2016.7754380

Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 429 - 443, 13.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1285935

Abstract

One of the most profitable vegetable crops for farmers to plant is peas. Pea seeding by hand is still one of the most tedious techniques farmers use today. Pea seed sowing requires a more significant number of skilled workers. The soil is dug by one person, and the pea seeds is sown there by another. Regarding farmers, the availability of skilled labor is still another issue. Egypt has many small farms; hence, it is necessary to produce small-scale farming machinery. Thus, this research manufactures a solar-powered seeding mechanism exclusively for small farmers at a low cost to overcome the problems of a lack of labor skills, sowing times, labor cost, accurate seeding, and seed losses. Increase profit for farmers who plant vegetable crops. The machine is provided with an accurate system to achieve accurate seed distribution. A complex gear mechanism is replaced with a sensor to make seeding simpler. There is an input LCD screen to sow at various distances between seeds. The distance between rows can be maintained. Also, there is a solar tracking system, which is essential for receiving more direct sunlight. Also, the motors used are 12 volts, so they are compatible with the electricity produced from the solar panel without the need for a voltage converter, which reduces costs. Also, both fuel costs and air pollution do not exist. The study includes two experimental variables: four theoretical hill spacings of 15, 18, 21, and 24 cm and four sowing depths of 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. The measurements include the plant's longitudinal dispersal, lateral dispersal, emergence percentage, and operating costs. The minimum values of longitudinal and lateral dispersal and the highest value of emergence percentage were obtained at a theoretical hill spacing of 24 cm and a sowing depth of 5 cm. The developed machine can lower the operational cost by 94.96%, as one skilled worker can adequate complete the seeding operation. Therefore, it is suggested to use the solar-powered system for seeding pea seeds in small-scale farming.

References

  • Ani, O., Uzoejinwa, B. and Anochili, N. (2016). Design, construction and evaluation of a vertical plate maize seed planter for garden and small holder farmers. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(3): 647 – 655. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i3.25
  • Bashiri, M., Ode, A. and Ogwuche, U. (2013). Development of a hand planter. Journal of Research in National Development, 11(2): 1-6.
  • Bute, P. V., Deshmukh, S., Rai, G., Patil, C. and Deshmukh, V. (2018). Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(1): 865-868.
  • Coates, W. (1992). Performance evaluation of a pendulum spreader. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(3): 285-288. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.26066
  • FAOSTAT (2021). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed Date: 02.07.2022)
  • Goswami, K. and Shukla, P. (2019). Evaluation of improved varieties of field pea (Pisum sativum) for nutritional and functional quality. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(5): 2260–2266.
  • Kaiser, A. C., Barber, N., Manthey, F. and Hall, C. (2019). Physicochemical properties of hammer-milled yellow split pea (Pisum Sativum L.). Cereal Chemistry, 96(2): 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10127
  • Millar, K.A., Gallagher, E., Burke, R., McCarthy, S. and Barry-Ryan, C. (2019). Proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors of fava-bean (Vicia faba), green-pea and yellow-pea (Pisum sativum) flour. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 82: 103233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103233
  • Mishra, N. K., Khare, S., Singh, S. and Dabur, M. (2017). Multi-purpose agriculture machine. International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, 5(1): 40-43.
  • MOAGS (2016). Holdings and Their Characterization, General Directorate of Agricultural Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, - Egypt :1-12. (in Arabic).
  • Moharram, N. A., Tarek, A., Gaber, M. and Bayoumi, S. (2022). Brief review on Egypt’s renewable energy current status and future vision. Energy Reports, 8: 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.103
  • Pundkar, M. R. and Mahalle A. K. (2015). A seed sowing machine: A review. International Journal of Engineering and Social Science, 3 (3): 68-74.
  • Rabbani, M. A., Hossain, M. M., Asha, J. F. and Khan, N. A. (2016). Design and development of a low-cost planter for maize establishment. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 4(1): 270-279. https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.040116.30
  • Robinson, G. H. J., Balk, J. and Domoney, C. (2019). Improving pulse crops as a source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Nutrition Bulletin, 44(3): 202–215. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/nbu.12399
  • Rohokale, A. B., Shewale, P. D., Pokharkar, S. B. and Sanap, K. K. (2014). A review on multi-seed sowing machines. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(2): 180-186.
  • SAS (2012). Version 90 SAS Institute Inc Cary NC.
  • Shree Harsha, B. T., Chellur, S., Aparna Latha, A. and Sandeep Kumar, Y. H. M. (2017). Multi-purpose Agricultural Vehicle. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(6): 125-129.
  • Sujon, M. D. I., Nasir, R., Habib, M. M. I., Nomaan M. I., Baidya J. and Islam, M. R. (2018). Agribot: Arduino Controlled Autonomous Multipurpose Farm Machinery Robot for Small to Medium Scale Cultivation. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems, March pp. 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoIAS.2018.8494164
  • Swetha, S. and Shreeharsha. G. H. (2015). Solar Operated Seed Sowing Machine. International Journal of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and Technology, 4(1): 67-71.
  • Turkboyları E. Y. and Yuksel A. N. (2021). Use of solar panel system in vermicompost (worm manure) production facilities as source of energy. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(1): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.726165
  • Turkboyları, E. Y. (2018). Disinfection of hotbeds with the thermal energy generated by solar collectors under climatic conditions of Tekirdağ, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 15(1): 123-128.
  • Umarkar, S. and Karwankar, A. (2016). Automated Seed Sowing Agribot Using Arduino. International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu; India; 4-6 April, Category numberCFP1689M-ART; Code 124976, pp. 1379-1383. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2016.7754380
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Machine Systems
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Enas Lokman Abdellatif Salem 0000-0002-3948-2671

Mohamed Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi 0000-0001-5212-5401

Yasser Kamal Osman This is me 0000-0002-1403-3052

Early Pub Date March 5, 2024
Publication Date March 13, 2024
Submission Date April 19, 2023
Acceptance Date August 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Lokman Abdellatif Salem, E., Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi, M., & Kamal Osman, Y. (2024). Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 429-443. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1285935
AMA Lokman Abdellatif Salem E, Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi M, Kamal Osman Y. Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds. JOTAF. March 2024;21(2):429-443. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1285935
Chicago Lokman Abdellatif Salem, Enas, Mohamed Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi, and Yasser Kamal Osman. “Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 2 (March 2024): 429-43. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1285935.
EndNote Lokman Abdellatif Salem E, Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi M, Kamal Osman Y (March 1, 2024) Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 429–443.
IEEE E. Lokman Abdellatif Salem, M. Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi, and Y. Kamal Osman, “Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds”, JOTAF, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 429–443, 2024, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1285935.
ISNAD Lokman Abdellatif Salem, Enas et al. “Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (March 2024), 429-443. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1285935.
JAMA Lokman Abdellatif Salem E, Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi M, Kamal Osman Y. Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds. JOTAF. 2024;21:429–443.
MLA Lokman Abdellatif Salem, Enas et al. “Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 2, 2024, pp. 429-43, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1285935.
Vancouver Lokman Abdellatif Salem E, Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi M, Kamal Osman Y. Development of a Solar Powered Seeder for Pea Seeds. JOTAF. 2024;21(2):429-43.