Research Article
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An Overview of Environmental Impacts and Treatment Systems of Ship Ballast Waters

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 13 - 23, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The ballast water carried by ships is a serious threat for marine ecosystems, human health and local economies. International Maritime Organization (IMO) defines unwanted species in ballast water of ships in D2 Ballast water performance standards in order to prevent harmful effects of ballast water discharge to the local waters. All ships are required to adopt a ballast water treatment system which provides these performance standards until 8th September 2024. This process will be carried out in stages, related to the Ships' Marine Pollution Prevention (IOPP) contract. Filtration, oxidation, treatment with heating, ultraviolet (UV), acoustic systems, magnetic field, deoxygenation, biological methods and combined systems in which these systems are used together are widely preferred in ballast water treatment. These treatment systems which will be adopted to ships must have a Type Approval Certificate issued in accordance with the G(8) guideline prepared by the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). In this study, the harmful effects of ballast water are emphasized and the systems used in ballast water treatment are analyzed.

References

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  • [2] U. N. C. on T. and Development, Review of Maritime Transport 2019. United Nations, 2019. doi: 10.18356/17932789-en.
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  • [5] E. Lakshmi, M. Priya, ve V. S. Achari, “An overview on the treatment of ballast water in ships”, Ocean & Coastal Management, c. 199, s. 105296, 2021.
  • [6] S. Gollasch, J. Lenz, M. Dammer, ve H.-G. Andres, “Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian Ocean to the North Sea”, Journal of Plankton Research, c. 22, sy 5, ss. 923-937, May. 2000, doi: 10.1093/plankt/22.5.923.
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  • [8] F. Zhang ve M. Dickman, “Mid-ocean exchange of container vessel ballast water. 1: seasonal factors affecting the transport of harmful diatoms and dinoflagellates”, undefined, 1999, Erişim: Haz. 01, 2021. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: /paper/Mid-ocean-exchange-of-container-vesselballast-1%3A-Zhang-Dickman/14bf629d84e264735b61b5f861b7667096768984.
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  • [10] D. M. Lavoie, L. D. Smith, ve G. M. Ruiz, “The Potential for Intracoastal Transfer of Nonindigenous Species in the Ballast Water of Ships”, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, c. 48, sy 5, ss. 551-564, May. 1999, doi: 10.1006/ecss.1999.0467.
  • [11] C. Bilgin Güney, Balast Suyu Arıtım Sistemleri. 2017. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35475.78881.
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  • [13] U.S. Coast Guard, “List of Alternative Management Systems.”, 2020.
  • [14] E. Tsolaki ve E. Diamadopoulos, “Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review”, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, c. 85, sy 1, ss. 19-32, 2010.
  • [15] N. R. Council, Stemming the tide: controlling introductions of nonindigenous species by ships’ ballast water. National Academies Press, 1996.
  • [16] L. Register, Understanding ballast water management—guidance for shipowners and operators. 2015.
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  • [20] A. Taylor ve G. Rigby, “Suggested designs to facilitate improved management and treatment of ballast water on new and existing ships”, içinde Proceedings of Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, 2002, s. 117.
  • [21] L. Ni, J. Tian, T. Song, Y. Jong, ve J. Zhao, “Optimizing geometric parameters in hydrocyclones for enhanced separations: a review and perspective”, Separation & Purification Reviews, c. 48, sy 1, ss. 30-51, 2019.
  • [22] K. Hesse vd., “The TREBAWA ballast water project”, içinde Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004, ss. 231242.
  • [23] M. Gregg, G. Rigby, ve G. M. Hallegraeff, “Review of two decades of progress in the development of management options for reducing or eradicating phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria in ship’s ballast water”, Aquatic Invasions, c. 4, sy 3, ss. 521-565, 2009. [24] J. Sassi, S. Viitasalo, J. Rytkonen, ve E. Leppakoski, “Experiments with ultraviolet light, ultrasound and ozone technologies for onboard ballast water treatment”, VTT TIEDOTTEITA, c. 2313, 2005.
  • [25] D. Oemcke, N. Parker, ve D. Mountfort, “Effect Of UV Irradiation On Viability Of Micro Scale And Resistant Forms Of Marine Organisms: Implications For The Treatment Of Ships’ Ballast Water.”, Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering, c. 7, sy 3, 2004.
  • [26] X. Kong, Y. Zhu, M. Zhang, X. Sun, ve W. Zhang, “Simulated experiment on minimizing the presence chlorella and bacteria in ballast water by combination of micro-hole filtration and UV radiation”, Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, c. 10, sy 1, ss. 186-188, 2007.
  • [27] G. R. Rigby, G. M. Hallegraeff, ve C. Sutton, “Novel ballast water heating technique offers cost-effective treatment to reduce the risk of global transport of harmful marine organisms”, Marine Ecology Progress Series, c. 191, ss. 289-293, 1999.
  • [28] A. Vorkapić, I. Komar, ve G. Jelić Mrčelić, “Shipboard ballast water treatment systems on seagoing ships”, Transactions on Maritime Science, c. 5, sy 01, ss. 19-28, 2016.
  • [29] B. Werschkun vd., “Emerging risks from ballast water treatment: The run-up to the International Ballast Water Management Convention”, Chemosphere, c. 112, ss. 256-266, Eki. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.135.
  • [30] S. Ichikawa, Y. Wakao, ve Y. Fukuyo, “Extermination efficacy of hydrogen peroxide against cysts of red tide and toxic dinoflagellates, and its adaptibility to ballast water of cargo ships”, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, c. 58, sy 12, ss. 2229-2233, 1992.
  • [31] C. J. Bolch ve G. M. Hallegraeff, “Chemical and physical treatment options to kill toxic dinoflagellate cysts in ships’ ballast water”, Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering, c. 1, sy 1, ss. 23-29, 1993.
  • [32] A. A. Gonçalves ve G. A. Gagnon, “Recent technologies for ballast water treatment”, Ozone: Science & Engineering, c. 34, sy 3, ss. 174-195, 2012.
  • [33] A. C. Jones, R. W. Gensemer, W. A. Stubblefield, E. Van Genderen, G. M. Dethloff, ve W. J. Cooper, “Toxicity of ozonated seawater to marine organisms”, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, c. 25, sy 10, ss. 2683-2691, 2006.
  • [34] N. Saho, “Superconducting magnetic separator for ballast-water treatment”, 2003.
  • [35] T. Kikuchi, “Progress report on the’Special Pipe System’as a potential mechanical treatment for ballast water”, 2003.
  • [36] D. Wu, H. You, R. Zhang, C. Chen, ve J. Du, “Inactivation of Escherichia coli using UV/Ag TiO2/O3‐mediated advanced oxidation: application to ballast water disinfection”, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, c. 86, sy 12, ss. 1521-1526, 2011.
Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 13 - 23, 30.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • [1] M. Erdal ve M. Çancı, “Lojistik Yönetimi”, İstanbul: UTİKAD Yayınları, 2003.
  • [2] U. N. C. on T. and Development, Review of Maritime Transport 2019. United Nations, 2019. doi: 10.18356/17932789-en.
  • [3] R. Balaji ve O. B. Yaakob, “Emerging ballast water treatment technologies: a review”, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, c. 6, sy 1, ss. 126-138, 2011.
  • [4] IMO, “Ballast water management - the control of harmful invasive species”, https://www.imo.org/, Haz. 2021. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/BWMdefault.aspx#:~:text=Ballast%20water%20management%20%2D%20the%20control%20of%20harmful%20invasive%20species,Home&text=Ballast%20water%20may%20be%20taken,then%20carried%20across%20the%20globe.&text=With%20the%20treaty%20now%20in,to%20manage%20their%20ballast%20water.
  • [5] E. Lakshmi, M. Priya, ve V. S. Achari, “An overview on the treatment of ballast water in ships”, Ocean & Coastal Management, c. 199, s. 105296, 2021.
  • [6] S. Gollasch, J. Lenz, M. Dammer, ve H.-G. Andres, “Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian Ocean to the North Sea”, Journal of Plankton Research, c. 22, sy 5, ss. 923-937, May. 2000, doi: 10.1093/plankt/22.5.923.
  • [7] H. Wu, C. Chen, Q. Wang, J. Lin, ve J. Xue, “The biological content of ballast water in China: A review”, Aquaculture and Fisheries, c. 2, sy 6, ss. 241-246, 2017.
  • [8] F. Zhang ve M. Dickman, “Mid-ocean exchange of container vessel ballast water. 1: seasonal factors affecting the transport of harmful diatoms and dinoflagellates”, undefined, 1999, Erişim: Haz. 01, 2021. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: /paper/Mid-ocean-exchange-of-container-vesselballast-1%3A-Zhang-Dickman/14bf629d84e264735b61b5f861b7667096768984.
  • [9] K. H. Chu, P. F. Tam, C. H. Fung, ve Q. C. Chen, “A biological survey of ballast water in container ships entering Hong Kong”, içinde Asia-Pacific Conference on Science and Management of Coastal Environment, Dordrecht, 1997, ss. 201-206. doi: 10.1007/978-94-0115234-1_20.
  • [10] D. M. Lavoie, L. D. Smith, ve G. M. Ruiz, “The Potential for Intracoastal Transfer of Nonindigenous Species in the Ballast Water of Ships”, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, c. 48, sy 5, ss. 551-564, May. 1999, doi: 10.1006/ecss.1999.0467.
  • [11] C. Bilgin Güney, Balast Suyu Arıtım Sistemleri. 2017. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35475.78881.
  • [12] U.S. Coast Guard, “Approved Ballast Water Management System and Status of Applications.”, 2020. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://www.dco.uscg.mil/
  • [13] U.S. Coast Guard, “List of Alternative Management Systems.”, 2020.
  • [14] E. Tsolaki ve E. Diamadopoulos, “Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review”, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, c. 85, sy 1, ss. 19-32, 2010.
  • [15] N. R. Council, Stemming the tide: controlling introductions of nonindigenous species by ships’ ballast water. National Academies Press, 1996.
  • [16] L. Register, Understanding ballast water management—guidance for shipowners and operators. 2015.
  • [17] E. A. Dardeau Jr ve T. Bivens, “Zebra mussel control with backwash filtration”, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY (United States), 1995.
  • [18] M. G. Parsons, “Considerations in the design of the primary treatment for ballast systems”, Marine technology and SNAME news, c. 40, sy 1, s. M49, 2003.
  • [19] E. Briski, R. D. Linley, J. Adams, ve S. A. Bailey, “Evaluating efficacy of a ballast water filtration system for reducing spread of aquatic species in freshwater ecosystems”, Management of Biological Invasions, c. 5, sy 3, ss. 245-253, 2014.
  • [20] A. Taylor ve G. Rigby, “Suggested designs to facilitate improved management and treatment of ballast water on new and existing ships”, içinde Proceedings of Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, 2002, s. 117.
  • [21] L. Ni, J. Tian, T. Song, Y. Jong, ve J. Zhao, “Optimizing geometric parameters in hydrocyclones for enhanced separations: a review and perspective”, Separation & Purification Reviews, c. 48, sy 1, ss. 30-51, 2019.
  • [22] K. Hesse vd., “The TREBAWA ballast water project”, içinde Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment. International Maritime Organisation, London, UK, 2004, ss. 231242.
  • [23] M. Gregg, G. Rigby, ve G. M. Hallegraeff, “Review of two decades of progress in the development of management options for reducing or eradicating phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria in ship’s ballast water”, Aquatic Invasions, c. 4, sy 3, ss. 521-565, 2009. [24] J. Sassi, S. Viitasalo, J. Rytkonen, ve E. Leppakoski, “Experiments with ultraviolet light, ultrasound and ozone technologies for onboard ballast water treatment”, VTT TIEDOTTEITA, c. 2313, 2005.
  • [25] D. Oemcke, N. Parker, ve D. Mountfort, “Effect Of UV Irradiation On Viability Of Micro Scale And Resistant Forms Of Marine Organisms: Implications For The Treatment Of Ships’ Ballast Water.”, Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering, c. 7, sy 3, 2004.
  • [26] X. Kong, Y. Zhu, M. Zhang, X. Sun, ve W. Zhang, “Simulated experiment on minimizing the presence chlorella and bacteria in ballast water by combination of micro-hole filtration and UV radiation”, Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, c. 10, sy 1, ss. 186-188, 2007.
  • [27] G. R. Rigby, G. M. Hallegraeff, ve C. Sutton, “Novel ballast water heating technique offers cost-effective treatment to reduce the risk of global transport of harmful marine organisms”, Marine Ecology Progress Series, c. 191, ss. 289-293, 1999.
  • [28] A. Vorkapić, I. Komar, ve G. Jelić Mrčelić, “Shipboard ballast water treatment systems on seagoing ships”, Transactions on Maritime Science, c. 5, sy 01, ss. 19-28, 2016.
  • [29] B. Werschkun vd., “Emerging risks from ballast water treatment: The run-up to the International Ballast Water Management Convention”, Chemosphere, c. 112, ss. 256-266, Eki. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.135.
  • [30] S. Ichikawa, Y. Wakao, ve Y. Fukuyo, “Extermination efficacy of hydrogen peroxide against cysts of red tide and toxic dinoflagellates, and its adaptibility to ballast water of cargo ships”, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, c. 58, sy 12, ss. 2229-2233, 1992.
  • [31] C. J. Bolch ve G. M. Hallegraeff, “Chemical and physical treatment options to kill toxic dinoflagellate cysts in ships’ ballast water”, Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering, c. 1, sy 1, ss. 23-29, 1993.
  • [32] A. A. Gonçalves ve G. A. Gagnon, “Recent technologies for ballast water treatment”, Ozone: Science & Engineering, c. 34, sy 3, ss. 174-195, 2012.
  • [33] A. C. Jones, R. W. Gensemer, W. A. Stubblefield, E. Van Genderen, G. M. Dethloff, ve W. J. Cooper, “Toxicity of ozonated seawater to marine organisms”, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, c. 25, sy 10, ss. 2683-2691, 2006.
  • [34] N. Saho, “Superconducting magnetic separator for ballast-water treatment”, 2003.
  • [35] T. Kikuchi, “Progress report on the’Special Pipe System’as a potential mechanical treatment for ballast water”, 2003.
  • [36] D. Wu, H. You, R. Zhang, C. Chen, ve J. Du, “Inactivation of Escherichia coli using UV/Ag TiO2/O3‐mediated advanced oxidation: application to ballast water disinfection”, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, c. 86, sy 12, ss. 1521-1526, 2011.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Maritime Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Doğru This is me

Seyid Mahmud Esad Demirci

Refik Canımoğlu

Hüseyin Elçiçek

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date June 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğru, M., Demirci, S. M. E., Canımoğlu, R., Elçiçek, H. (2021). An Overview of Environmental Impacts and Treatment Systems of Ship Ballast Waters. Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology, 1(1), 13-23.