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COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bireylerin Sağlık Kaygısı Düzeyleri ve Başa Çıkma Tutumları

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 37 - 46, 15.01.2024

Derya Özbaş Gençarslan Songül Nida Kaplan Eda Açıkgöz Özlem Işıl

https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1146270

Abstract

Giriş: Tüm dünyayı etkileyen Covid-19 pandemisi ortaya çıkardığı birçok olumsuzluğun yanı sıra bireylerin sağlık kaygısı yaşamalarına da neden olmuş ve bireyler bu süreçle uzun süre baş etmek zorunda kalmıştır.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde bireylerin sağlık kaygısı düzeyleri ve başa çıkma tutumlarını belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikte olan çalışma, Temmuz 2021- Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında bir ilde ikamet eden, çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden, 18 yaş üstü 161 kişi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sağlık Kaygısı Envanteri” ve “Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ile online olarak toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde bireylerin sağlık kaygısı puanının 15.05±6.43 ve başa çıkma puanının 91.76 ±12.43 olduğu, sağlık kaygısı ile başa çıkma tutumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı (p>.05), bekar bireylerin evli bireylere göre daha yüksek sağlık kaygısına sahip olduğu, pandemi sürecinde psikolojik ve fiziksel yönden olumsuz etkilendiğini bildiren bireylerin sağlık kaygısının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Genel olarak araştırma grubunun başa çıkma düzeyi yüksek olmasına rağmen pandemi nedeniyle fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı etkilenen bireylerin sağlık kaygısı yüksektir. Bu sonuçlar sağlığın korunmasına yönelik yapılacak olan uygulamalar açısından önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir.

Keywords

Başa Çıkma Düzeyi COVID- 19 Pandemi Sağlık Kaygısı

References

  • Arınç K. (2018). Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinin İnanç Turizmi Potansiyeli ile Bölgesel Kalkınma Bakımından Değerlendirilme İmkânları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi., 22(Özel Sayı), 2129-2147.
  • Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord., Apr;71:102211. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32179380; PMCID: PMC7271220.
  • Bareket-Bojmel L, Shahar G, Margalit, M. (2020). Covid-19 -related economic anxiety ıs as high as health anxiety: findings from the USA, The UK, and Israel. Int J Cogn Ther., 14(3), 566–574, doi: 10.1007/s41811-020- 00078-3.
  • Bilge Y, Bilge Y. (2020). Koronavirüs salgını ve sosyal izolasyonun psikolojik semptomlar üzerindeki etkilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık ve stresle baş etme tarzları açısından incelenmesi. J Clin Psy., 23(1), 38-51.
  • Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 56(2), 267-283.
  • Chaturvedi SK. (2020). Health anxiety, health-related life events, and somatization during Covid-19 pandemic can increase chronic pain. Pain, 161(11), 2652, doi:10.1097/j. pain.0000000000002061.
  • Dicle AN, Ersanlı K. (2015). Başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Asos Journal, 3(6),11-126.
  • Ekiz T, Ilıman E, Dönmez E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile Covid-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Usaysad Derg, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Garbóczy S, Szemán-Nagy A, Ahmad MS, Harsányi S, Ocsenás D, Rekenyi V et al. (2021). Health anxiety, perceived stress, and coping styles in the shadow of the covıd-19. BMC Psychol, 9(1), 53. doi: 10.1186/s40359- 021-00560-3.
  • Gurvich C, Thomas N, Thomas EH, Hudaib AR, Sood LF, Kulkarni, KJ. (2020). Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67(5), 540–549, doi: 10.1177/0020764020961790.
  • Görgen SM, Hiller W, Witthöft M. (2014). Health anxiety, cognitive coping, and emotion regulation: a latent variable approach. Int J Behav Med, 21(2),364-74. doi: 10.1007/ s12529-013-9297-y. PMID: 23436185.
  • Haig-Ferguson A, Cooper K, Cartwright E, Loades ME, Daniels, J. (2020). Practitioner review: health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Behav Cogn Psychother, 49(2), 129–143, doi: 10.1017/S1352465820000636.
  • Jungmann SM. Witthöft M. (2020). Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping ın the current Covid-19 pandemic: which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety?. J Anxiety Disord, 73, 102239, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102239.
  • Karapıçak KÖ, Aslan S, Utku, S. (2012). Panik bozukluğu, somatizasyon bozukluğu ve hipokondriaziste sağlık kaygısı. JCBPR, 1(1), 43-51.
  • Kaya CP, Yazgan, EA. (2020). Investigation of the continuity of training and mental health of athletes during social ısolation ın the Covid-19 outbreak. IJDSHS, 3(2), 111-120, https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.785527
  • Kazan KO, Yılmaz A, Noyan CO, Dilbaz, N. (2021). Health anxiety during the early phases of Covid-19 pandemic in turkey and ıts relationship with postpandemic attitudes, hopelessness, and psychological resilience, Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(1), 399–407.
  • Kini G, Karkal R, Bhargava M. (2020). All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to Covid-19. J Prev Med Hyg, 61(3), 321-323, doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605.
  • Nikčević AV, Marino C, Kolubinski DC, Leach D, Spada, MM. (2021). Modelling the contribution of the big five personality traits, health anxiety, and Covid-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord, 279, 578–584, doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.053.
  • Özdin S, Bayrak ÖŞ. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during Covid-19 pandemic in turkish society: the ımportance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511, doi: 10.1177/0020764020927051.
  • Quiroga-Garza A, Cepeda-Lopez AC, Villarreal ZS, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Carreno DF, Eisenbeck N. (2021). How having a clear why can help us cope with almost anything: meaningful well-being and the Covid-19 pandemic in México. Front Psychol, 12,648069, DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648401.
  • Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM vd., (2002) The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochodriasis. Psychol Med, 32, 843-853.
  • Stuart J, O’Donnell K, O’Donnell A, Scott R, Barber, B. (2021). Online social connection as a buffer of health anxiety and ısolation during covıd-19. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 4(8), 521–525 doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0645.
  • Şengül S, Baykan H. (2013). Zihinsel engelli çocukların annelerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 30-39.
  • Tırmıkçıoğlu Z. (2020). Covid-19 enfeksiyonu olan gebelerde ilaç kullanımı. Anadolu Klin, 25 (COVID 19 Özel Sayısı), 51-58.
  • Tull MT, Barbano AC, Scamaldo KM, Richmond JR, Edmonds KA, Rose JP. Et al. (2020). The prospective ınfluence of Covid-19 affective risk assessments and ıntolerance of uncertainty on later dimensions of health anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 75, 102290, doi: 10.1016/j. janxdis.2020.102290.
  • Webster S, Gallagher S, Brown P, Evans J, Flynn M. et al. (2012). The perceptions of nurses in their management of patients experiencing anxiety. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 23, 38-45.
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. (2019). https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2022)
  • Xiao C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (covıd-19) related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry İnvestig, 17(2), 175–176.
  • Yılmaz Ö, Dirik G. (2020). Yetişkinlerde sağlık kaygısı ile ilişkili değişkenlerin bilişsel davranışçı model kapsamında incelemesi. TPD, 35(85), 21-36.
  • Zhou X. (2020). Psychological crisis ınterventions in sichuan province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res, 286, 112895, doi: 10.1016/j. psychres.2020.112895.
  • Zuckerman M, Gagne M. (2003). The cope revised: proposing a 5 factor model of coping strategies. J Res Pers, 37, 169-204.

Health Anxiety Levels and Coping Attitudes of Individuals in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 37 - 46, 15.01.2024

Derya Özbaş Gençarslan Songül Nida Kaplan Eda Açıkgöz Özlem Işıl

https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1146270

Abstract

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, has caused individuals to experience health anxiety as well as many negativities, and individuals have had to cope with this process for a long time.

Objectives: This study is to evaluate the health anxiety levels and coping attitudes of individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study, which is cross-sectional and relationship-seeking, was conducted with 161 people over the age of 18 who are voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and resident in a province between July 2021- November 2021. Personal Information Form, Health Anxiety Inventory and Coping Attitudes Scales are used as primary data collection tools.

Results: It is determined that individuals that attend on study are go out during the pandemic rarely. During the Covid-19 pandemic period, health anxiety level of attendants 15.05±6.43 and coping levels 91.76 ±12.43, there were no significant relationship between health anxiety and coping attitude (p>0.05), single individuals had higher health anxiety than married individuals. It is determined that health anxiety of individuals who is reported that they affected on high levels on psychological and physical sides during the pandemic process (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Although the coping level of the research group is high in general, the health anxiety of individuals whose physical and mental health has been affected by the pandemic is high. These results have an important place in terms of applications to be made for the protection of health.Background: The Covid-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, has caused individuals to experience health anxiety as well as many negativities, and individuals have had to cope with this process for a long time.

Objectives: This study is to evaluate the health anxiety levels and coping attitudes of individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study, which is cross-sectional and relationship-seeking, was conducted with 161 people over the age of 18 who are voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and resident in a province between July 2021- November 2021. Personal Information Form, Health Anxiety Inventory and Coping Attitudes Scales are used as primary data collection tools.

Results: It is determined that individuals that attend on study are go out during the pandemic rarely. During the Covid-19 pandemic period, health anxiety level of attendants 15.05±6.43 and coping levels 91.76 ±12.43, there were no significant relationship between health anxiety and coping attitude (p>0.05), single individuals had higher health anxiety than married individuals. It is determined that health anxiety of individuals who is reported that they affected on high levels on psychological and physical sides during the pandemic process (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Although the coping level of the research group is high in general, the health anxiety of individuals whose physical and mental health has been affected by the pandemic is high. These results have an important place in terms of applications to be made for the protection of health.

Keywords

Coping Level COVID-19 Pandemic Health Anxiety

References

  • Arınç K. (2018). Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinin İnanç Turizmi Potansiyeli ile Bölgesel Kalkınma Bakımından Değerlendirilme İmkânları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi., 22(Özel Sayı), 2129-2147.
  • Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord., Apr;71:102211. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32179380; PMCID: PMC7271220.
  • Bareket-Bojmel L, Shahar G, Margalit, M. (2020). Covid-19 -related economic anxiety ıs as high as health anxiety: findings from the USA, The UK, and Israel. Int J Cogn Ther., 14(3), 566–574, doi: 10.1007/s41811-020- 00078-3.
  • Bilge Y, Bilge Y. (2020). Koronavirüs salgını ve sosyal izolasyonun psikolojik semptomlar üzerindeki etkilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık ve stresle baş etme tarzları açısından incelenmesi. J Clin Psy., 23(1), 38-51.
  • Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 56(2), 267-283.
  • Chaturvedi SK. (2020). Health anxiety, health-related life events, and somatization during Covid-19 pandemic can increase chronic pain. Pain, 161(11), 2652, doi:10.1097/j. pain.0000000000002061.
  • Dicle AN, Ersanlı K. (2015). Başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Asos Journal, 3(6),11-126.
  • Ekiz T, Ilıman E, Dönmez E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile Covid-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Usaysad Derg, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Garbóczy S, Szemán-Nagy A, Ahmad MS, Harsányi S, Ocsenás D, Rekenyi V et al. (2021). Health anxiety, perceived stress, and coping styles in the shadow of the covıd-19. BMC Psychol, 9(1), 53. doi: 10.1186/s40359- 021-00560-3.
  • Gurvich C, Thomas N, Thomas EH, Hudaib AR, Sood LF, Kulkarni, KJ. (2020). Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67(5), 540–549, doi: 10.1177/0020764020961790.
  • Görgen SM, Hiller W, Witthöft M. (2014). Health anxiety, cognitive coping, and emotion regulation: a latent variable approach. Int J Behav Med, 21(2),364-74. doi: 10.1007/ s12529-013-9297-y. PMID: 23436185.
  • Haig-Ferguson A, Cooper K, Cartwright E, Loades ME, Daniels, J. (2020). Practitioner review: health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Behav Cogn Psychother, 49(2), 129–143, doi: 10.1017/S1352465820000636.
  • Jungmann SM. Witthöft M. (2020). Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping ın the current Covid-19 pandemic: which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety?. J Anxiety Disord, 73, 102239, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102239.
  • Karapıçak KÖ, Aslan S, Utku, S. (2012). Panik bozukluğu, somatizasyon bozukluğu ve hipokondriaziste sağlık kaygısı. JCBPR, 1(1), 43-51.
  • Kaya CP, Yazgan, EA. (2020). Investigation of the continuity of training and mental health of athletes during social ısolation ın the Covid-19 outbreak. IJDSHS, 3(2), 111-120, https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.785527
  • Kazan KO, Yılmaz A, Noyan CO, Dilbaz, N. (2021). Health anxiety during the early phases of Covid-19 pandemic in turkey and ıts relationship with postpandemic attitudes, hopelessness, and psychological resilience, Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(1), 399–407.
  • Kini G, Karkal R, Bhargava M. (2020). All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to Covid-19. J Prev Med Hyg, 61(3), 321-323, doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605.
  • Nikčević AV, Marino C, Kolubinski DC, Leach D, Spada, MM. (2021). Modelling the contribution of the big five personality traits, health anxiety, and Covid-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord, 279, 578–584, doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.053.
  • Özdin S, Bayrak ÖŞ. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during Covid-19 pandemic in turkish society: the ımportance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511, doi: 10.1177/0020764020927051.
  • Quiroga-Garza A, Cepeda-Lopez AC, Villarreal ZS, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Carreno DF, Eisenbeck N. (2021). How having a clear why can help us cope with almost anything: meaningful well-being and the Covid-19 pandemic in México. Front Psychol, 12,648069, DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648401.
  • Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM vd., (2002) The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochodriasis. Psychol Med, 32, 843-853.
  • Stuart J, O’Donnell K, O’Donnell A, Scott R, Barber, B. (2021). Online social connection as a buffer of health anxiety and ısolation during covıd-19. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 4(8), 521–525 doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0645.
  • Şengül S, Baykan H. (2013). Zihinsel engelli çocukların annelerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 30-39.
  • Tırmıkçıoğlu Z. (2020). Covid-19 enfeksiyonu olan gebelerde ilaç kullanımı. Anadolu Klin, 25 (COVID 19 Özel Sayısı), 51-58.
  • Tull MT, Barbano AC, Scamaldo KM, Richmond JR, Edmonds KA, Rose JP. Et al. (2020). The prospective ınfluence of Covid-19 affective risk assessments and ıntolerance of uncertainty on later dimensions of health anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 75, 102290, doi: 10.1016/j. janxdis.2020.102290.
  • Webster S, Gallagher S, Brown P, Evans J, Flynn M. et al. (2012). The perceptions of nurses in their management of patients experiencing anxiety. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 23, 38-45.
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. (2019). https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2022)
  • Xiao C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (covıd-19) related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry İnvestig, 17(2), 175–176.
  • Yılmaz Ö, Dirik G. (2020). Yetişkinlerde sağlık kaygısı ile ilişkili değişkenlerin bilişsel davranışçı model kapsamında incelemesi. TPD, 35(85), 21-36.
  • Zhou X. (2020). Psychological crisis ınterventions in sichuan province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res, 286, 112895, doi: 10.1016/j. psychres.2020.112895.
  • Zuckerman M, Gagne M. (2003). The cope revised: proposing a 5 factor model of coping strategies. J Res Pers, 37, 169-204.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Derya Özbaş Gençarslan 0000-0001-8188-3930

Songül Nida Kaplan 0000-0002-7698-7652

Eda Açıkgöz 0000-0003-2592-8254

Özlem Işıl 0000-0002-9113-4594

Early Pub Date January 16, 2024
Publication Date January 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özbaş Gençarslan, D., Kaplan, S. N., Açıkgöz, E., Işıl, Ö. (2024). COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bireylerin Sağlık Kaygısı Düzeyleri ve Başa Çıkma Tutumları. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 17(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1146270
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