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Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process.

Year 2019, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 31.03.2019

İqra Panhwar Ali Akbar Babar Sabeen Qureshi Sheeraz Ahmed Memon Maryam Arain

Abstract

The average cost generation of activated carbon from biomaterials is
relatively low as compare to the cost of industrial prepared activated carbon,
recent experimental work mainly focuses on the low cost and efficient
substitutes to the pre-existing commercial methods and finding economical
process that can subsidize the sustainability to environment and provide
benefits for further commercial use. In this research Raw material (Rice Straw) was used to produce
activated carbon, process was initially started with washing of raw material to
eliminate dirt impurities with distilled water and de-moisturized it in an oven
for 24 hours at 105 0C. Then dried mass (DM) was impregnated with
the activating agent MgCl2 with 1:1 and kept for 2 hours at room
temperature and dried for 48 hours in an oven for activation. The treated
material was carbonized by pyrolysis process in muffle furnace for 2 hours at
550 0C and the final product was kept in desiccator for further use.
Freshly produced activated carbon Surface
morphology was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning of
electron microscopy (SEM) & surface functional groups were analyzed by
furrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Iodine number and methylene
blue.

Keywords

Rice Straw (RS) activated carbon (AC) activating agent bio-martials

References

  • Yang HS, Kim D-J, Kim. H-J (2003).Rice straw–wood particle composite for sound absorbing wooden construction materials, Bio resources Techno, 86, pp.117-21.
  • M. Radhika, and K. Palanivelu (2006), Adsorptive removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution by low cost adsorbent Kinetics and isotherm analysis. J. Hazard. Mater, 138, pp.116–124.
  • Y. Onal, C. Akmil-Bas¸ar, C, Sarıcı-Ozdemir, and S. Erdogan (2007). Textural development of sugar beet bagasse activated with ZnCl2. J. Hazard. Mater, 142, pp.138–143.
  • B.H. Hameed, A.T.M. Din, and A.L. Ahmad (2007).Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J. Hazard. Mater, 141, pp.819–825.
  • B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, and K.N.A. Latiff (2007). Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Dyes Pigments, 75, pp.143–149.
  • K. Legrouri, E. Khouya, M. Ezzine, H. Hannache, R. Denoyel, R. Pallier, and R. Naslain (2005). Production of activated carbon from a new precursor molasses by activation with sulphuric acid. J. Hazard. Mater. 118, pp.259–263.
  • B.G. Prakash Kumar, K. Shivakamy, Lima Rose Miranda, and M. Velan (2006). Preparation of steam activated carbon from rubberwood sawdust (Hevea brasiliensis) and its adsorption kinetics. J. Hazard. Mater, 136, pp. 922– 929.
  • I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, and A.L. Ahmad (2007). Equilibrium and kinetic studies on basic dye adsorption by oil palm fiber activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J, 127, pp.111–119.
  • C.A. Basar (2006). Applicability of the various adsorption models of three dyes adsorption onto activated carbon prepared waste apricot. J. Hazard. Mater, 135, pp.232–241.
  • I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, and A.L. Ahmad (2008), Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbons from coconut husk using response surface methodology. Chem. Eng. J, 137, pp.462–470.
  • Elisabeth Schröder, Klaus Thomauske, Benjamin Oechsler, Sabrina Herberger, Sabine Baur and Andreas Hornung (2001) Activated Carbon from Waste Biomass, 19, pp.444 .
  • C. P. Huang and D.W Blankenship (1984). Water Research journal, 18, pp.37.
  • R.C Bansal, D. Baptiste and S. Fritz (1988). Active Carbon Marcel. Dekker Inc. New York, 18 Pp.266 – 269.
  • Putun AE, Ozbay N, Onal EP, Putun E (2005) Fixed-bed pyrolysis of cotton stalk for liquid and solid products. Fuel Process Techno, 86, pp.1207–19.
  • Baral, D.J. and Jha, V.K. (2012) Preparation of activated charcoal adsorbent from waste tire. Scientific World, 10, pp.8083.
  • Yang, K.; Peng, J.; Srinivasakannan, C.; Zhang, L.; Xia, H. and Duan, X. (2010) Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from coconut shells using microwave heating. Bio resource Technology, 101, pp.6163-6169.
  • Altintig E.; Bilgin,S. and Arabaci, G. (2013) Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Coated Activated Carbon from Rice Husks. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 8, pp.1721.
  • Olivares-Marin, M.; Fernandez-Gonzalez, C.; Macias-Garcia, A. and Gomez-Serrano, V. (2006) Preparation of activated carbon from cherry stones by chemical activation with ZnCl2. Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, pp.5967-5971.
  • Thomas E.Rufford, Max Lu 2010,” A comparative study of FeCl3, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 as activating agent on microstructure, surface chemistry and double layer capacitance of activated carbon”, Journal of Materials research, 14, 224-229 .
  • Kumar Ramakrishnan and Chinnaiya Namasivayam, 2009, “Development and Characteristics of Activated Carbons from Jatropha Husk, An Agro Industrial Solid Waste, By Chemical Activation Methods”, J. Environ. Eng. Manage. 19(3), pp.173-178.
  • Allwar, A. (2012). Characteristics of Pore Structures and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons by Phys sorption, FTIR and Boehm Methods, Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2(1), pp.9-15.
  • Daniel Kibami , Chubaakum Pongener , K.S. Rao , Dipak Sinha, (2017),Surface Characterization and Adsorption studies of Bambusa vulgaris-a low cost adsorben, Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 15, pp.224.
  • J. H. You, H. L. Chiang, and P. C. Chiang (1994),Comparison of Adsorption Characteristics for VOCs on Activated Carbon and Oxidized Activated Carbon, Environmental Progress , 31, pp. 1
  • Noor Shawal Nasri*, a, Ibnu Muhammad Hariz Ibnu Abbasa,b , Harryzam Martelab, Abdulrahman Abdulrasheeda,c , Husna Mohd. Zaina,b, Umar Hayatu Sidika,d , Rahmat Mohsina , Zulkifli Abdul Majida , Norhana Mohamed Rashida , Zalilah Sharera , Abdurrahman Garbae, (2017), “CO2 Adsorption Isotherms on KOH, H3PO4 and FeCl3.6H2O Impregnated Palm Shell Kernel Activated Carbon”, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS, 56, pp.88-96.
  • Gonzalez, J. F., Silvia, R., Gonzalez, G., Carmen, M., Nabais, J. M., Valente, and Luis, O. A. (2009). Porosity Development in Activated Carbons Prepared from Walnut Shells by Carbon Dioxide or Steam Activation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, pp.7474-7481.
  • Joshi Sahira, Adhikari Mandira, Pokharel Bhadra Prasad and Pradhananga Raja Ram, (2013), “Effects of Activating Agents on the Activated Carbons Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 3(5), pp.19-24.

Year 2019, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 31.03.2019

İqra Panhwar Ali Akbar Babar Sabeen Qureshi Sheeraz Ahmed Memon Maryam Arain

Abstract

References

  • Yang HS, Kim D-J, Kim. H-J (2003).Rice straw–wood particle composite for sound absorbing wooden construction materials, Bio resources Techno, 86, pp.117-21.
  • M. Radhika, and K. Palanivelu (2006), Adsorptive removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution by low cost adsorbent Kinetics and isotherm analysis. J. Hazard. Mater, 138, pp.116–124.
  • Y. Onal, C. Akmil-Bas¸ar, C, Sarıcı-Ozdemir, and S. Erdogan (2007). Textural development of sugar beet bagasse activated with ZnCl2. J. Hazard. Mater, 142, pp.138–143.
  • B.H. Hameed, A.T.M. Din, and A.L. Ahmad (2007).Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J. Hazard. Mater, 141, pp.819–825.
  • B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, and K.N.A. Latiff (2007). Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Dyes Pigments, 75, pp.143–149.
  • K. Legrouri, E. Khouya, M. Ezzine, H. Hannache, R. Denoyel, R. Pallier, and R. Naslain (2005). Production of activated carbon from a new precursor molasses by activation with sulphuric acid. J. Hazard. Mater. 118, pp.259–263.
  • B.G. Prakash Kumar, K. Shivakamy, Lima Rose Miranda, and M. Velan (2006). Preparation of steam activated carbon from rubberwood sawdust (Hevea brasiliensis) and its adsorption kinetics. J. Hazard. Mater, 136, pp. 922– 929.
  • I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, and A.L. Ahmad (2007). Equilibrium and kinetic studies on basic dye adsorption by oil palm fiber activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J, 127, pp.111–119.
  • C.A. Basar (2006). Applicability of the various adsorption models of three dyes adsorption onto activated carbon prepared waste apricot. J. Hazard. Mater, 135, pp.232–241.
  • I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, and A.L. Ahmad (2008), Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbons from coconut husk using response surface methodology. Chem. Eng. J, 137, pp.462–470.
  • Elisabeth Schröder, Klaus Thomauske, Benjamin Oechsler, Sabrina Herberger, Sabine Baur and Andreas Hornung (2001) Activated Carbon from Waste Biomass, 19, pp.444 .
  • C. P. Huang and D.W Blankenship (1984). Water Research journal, 18, pp.37.
  • R.C Bansal, D. Baptiste and S. Fritz (1988). Active Carbon Marcel. Dekker Inc. New York, 18 Pp.266 – 269.
  • Putun AE, Ozbay N, Onal EP, Putun E (2005) Fixed-bed pyrolysis of cotton stalk for liquid and solid products. Fuel Process Techno, 86, pp.1207–19.
  • Baral, D.J. and Jha, V.K. (2012) Preparation of activated charcoal adsorbent from waste tire. Scientific World, 10, pp.8083.
  • Yang, K.; Peng, J.; Srinivasakannan, C.; Zhang, L.; Xia, H. and Duan, X. (2010) Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from coconut shells using microwave heating. Bio resource Technology, 101, pp.6163-6169.
  • Altintig E.; Bilgin,S. and Arabaci, G. (2013) Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Coated Activated Carbon from Rice Husks. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 8, pp.1721.
  • Olivares-Marin, M.; Fernandez-Gonzalez, C.; Macias-Garcia, A. and Gomez-Serrano, V. (2006) Preparation of activated carbon from cherry stones by chemical activation with ZnCl2. Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, pp.5967-5971.
  • Thomas E.Rufford, Max Lu 2010,” A comparative study of FeCl3, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 as activating agent on microstructure, surface chemistry and double layer capacitance of activated carbon”, Journal of Materials research, 14, 224-229 .
  • Kumar Ramakrishnan and Chinnaiya Namasivayam, 2009, “Development and Characteristics of Activated Carbons from Jatropha Husk, An Agro Industrial Solid Waste, By Chemical Activation Methods”, J. Environ. Eng. Manage. 19(3), pp.173-178.
  • Allwar, A. (2012). Characteristics of Pore Structures and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons by Phys sorption, FTIR and Boehm Methods, Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2(1), pp.9-15.
  • Daniel Kibami , Chubaakum Pongener , K.S. Rao , Dipak Sinha, (2017),Surface Characterization and Adsorption studies of Bambusa vulgaris-a low cost adsorben, Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 15, pp.224.
  • J. H. You, H. L. Chiang, and P. C. Chiang (1994),Comparison of Adsorption Characteristics for VOCs on Activated Carbon and Oxidized Activated Carbon, Environmental Progress , 31, pp. 1
  • Noor Shawal Nasri*, a, Ibnu Muhammad Hariz Ibnu Abbasa,b , Harryzam Martelab, Abdulrahman Abdulrasheeda,c , Husna Mohd. Zaina,b, Umar Hayatu Sidika,d , Rahmat Mohsina , Zulkifli Abdul Majida , Norhana Mohamed Rashida , Zalilah Sharera , Abdurrahman Garbae, (2017), “CO2 Adsorption Isotherms on KOH, H3PO4 and FeCl3.6H2O Impregnated Palm Shell Kernel Activated Carbon”, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS, 56, pp.88-96.
  • Gonzalez, J. F., Silvia, R., Gonzalez, G., Carmen, M., Nabais, J. M., Valente, and Luis, O. A. (2009). Porosity Development in Activated Carbons Prepared from Walnut Shells by Carbon Dioxide or Steam Activation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, pp.7474-7481.
  • Joshi Sahira, Adhikari Mandira, Pokharel Bhadra Prasad and Pradhananga Raja Ram, (2013), “Effects of Activating Agents on the Activated Carbons Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 3(5), pp.19-24.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İqra Panhwar

Ali Akbar Babar This is me

Sabeen Qureshi This is me

Sheeraz Ahmed Memon This is me

Maryam Arain

Publication Date March 31, 2019
Acceptance Date April 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Panhwar, İ., Babar, A. A., Qureshi, S., Memon, S. A., et al. (2019). Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 14(1), 1-6.
AMA Panhwar İ, Babar AA, Qureshi S, Memon SA, Arain M. Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. March 2019;14(1):1-6.
Chicago Panhwar, İqra, Ali Akbar Babar, Sabeen Qureshi, Sheeraz Ahmed Memon, and Maryam Arain. “Utilization of Biomass (Rice Straw) to Produce Activated Charcoal through Single Stage Pyrolysis Process”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 14, no. 1 (March 2019): 1-6.
EndNote Panhwar İ, Babar AA, Qureshi S, Memon SA, Arain M (March 1, 2019) Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 14 1 1–6.
IEEE İ. Panhwar, A. A. Babar, S. Qureshi, S. A. Memon, and M. Arain, “Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process”., J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019.
ISNAD Panhwar, İqra et al. “Utilization of Biomass (Rice Straw) to Produce Activated Charcoal through Single Stage Pyrolysis Process”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 14/1 (March 2019), 1-6.
JAMA Panhwar İ, Babar AA, Qureshi S, Memon SA, Arain M. Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2019;14:1–6.
MLA Panhwar, İqra et al. “Utilization of Biomass (Rice Straw) to Produce Activated Charcoal through Single Stage Pyrolysis Process”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, vol. 14, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-6.
Vancouver Panhwar İ, Babar AA, Qureshi S, Memon SA, Arain M. Utilization of biomass (Rice straw) to produce activated charcoal through single stage pyrolysis process. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2019;14(1):1-6.

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