Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 756 - 762, 30.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1303422

Abstract

Project Number

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References

  • Başaranoğlu ST, Bilgin E, Tanrıöver MD ve ark. İnfluenza benzeri hastalık nedeniyle yatırılan hastalarda respiratuvar sinsityal virüs infeksiyonu sıklığı ve mortaliteye etkisi: prospektif, çok merkezli gerçek yaşam verileri. Flora. 2018;23:172-178.
  • Tanriover MD, Bagci Bosi T, Ozisik L, et al. Poor outcomes among elderly patients hospitalized for influenza-like illness. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34:1201-1207.
  • Humiston SG, Pham TN. Influenza-Like Illness Diagnosis and Management in the Acute Care Setting. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016;32:875-882.
  • World Health Organization. Influenza seasonal. Available online: https://www.who.int/health-topics/influenza-seasonal#tab=tab_1
  • Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of respiratory viral infections. Annu Rev Virol. 2020;7:83-101.
  • Yedlapati SH, Khan SU, Talluri S, et al. Effects of influenza vaccine on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10: e019636. doi: 10.1161/JAHA. 120.019636
  • Gupta C, Sachdeva A, Khamar J, Bu C, Bartoszko J, Loeb M. Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at reducing adverse events in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022;40:3433-3443.
  • 8.Muñoz MP, Soldevila N, Martínez A, et al. Influenza vaccine coverage, influenza-associated morbidity and all-cause mortality in Catalonia (Spain). Vaccine. 2011;29:5047-5052. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.067
  • Ahmed AE, Nicholson KG, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989-90 epidemic. Lancet. 1995;346(8975):591-595.
  • Soudani S, Mafi A, Al Mayahi Z, et al. A. A systematic review of influenza epidemiology and surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African Region. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(1):15-52. doi: 10.1007/s40121-021-00534-3. E
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flue/weekly/overview.htm
  • Agca H, Akalin H, Saglik I, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Ener B. Changing epidemiology of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14:1186-1190.
  • Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, et al. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:3681–3685.
  • Lee H, Lee H, Song KH, et al. Impact of public health interventions on seasonal influenza activity during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Korea. Clin Infect Dis. 2020:ciaa672.
  • Kuitunen I, Artama M, Mäkelä L, Backman K, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Renko M. Effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of viral respiratory tract infections in children in Finland during early 2020. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e423–427.
  • Appak Ö, Dinç F, Sayıner AA. COVID-19’un solunum yolu virüslerininprevalansına etkisi. 6. Ulusal Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Hibrid Kongresi, 20-24 Ekim 2021, Bildiri Özet Kitabı, p.17: SS-008.
  • Shi WY, Hu SP, Zhang HL, et al. Differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia using a model based on clinicoradiologic features. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8: 651556. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651556
  • Ramanan P, Bryson AL, Binnicker MJ, Pritt BS, Patel R. Syndromic panel-based testing in clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;31:e00024-17. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-17
  • Paz V, D'Agostino ML, Garibaldi F, Orellana R, Paniagua M, Santillán A. Multiplex PCR in the empirical antibiotic treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial respiratory superinfection. Infect Prev Pract. 2022;4(3):100227. doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100227
  • Murphy CN, Fowler R, Balada-Llasat JM, et al. Multicenter evaluation of the biofirefilmarray pneumonia/pneumonia plus panel for detection and quantification of agents of lower respiratory tract infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:e00128-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00128-20.
  • Huang HS, Tsai CL, Chang J, Hsu TC, Lin S, Lee CC. Multiplex PCR system for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24: 1055-1063. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.018
  • Stiver G. The treatment of influenza with antiviral drugs. CMAJ 2003;168(1):49-56. 8.
  • Papaioannou A, Konstantinidi AE, Primikiri E, Asimakopoulou F, Aravantinos D, Mavromichali Z. Influenza vaccination rate among high risk group patients in primary health care in Greece. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020; 28: 297-301. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5237.
  • Ekici H, Buzgan T, Ekinci B, Kara F, Keskinkılıç B, Irmak H. Kronik hastalığı olan erişkinlerin 2015-2017 yılları arasında influenzaya karşı aşılanma durumları. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2022;79: 25-38.
  • Özışık L, Yekedüz E, Tanrıöver MD, Helvacı Ö, Başaran NÇ, Ünal S. Risk altındaki erişkinlerin pnömokok ve influenza aşılanma oranları ve aşıya karşı tutumları. Flora. 2016;21:15-20
  • Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD004876. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004876

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surveillance of influenza and influenza-like viruses: a single center experience

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 756 - 762, 30.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1303422

Abstract

Aims: Influenza and the agents responsible for influenza-like illness (ILI) are a significant cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, with a notable pattern of seasonal incidence. The surveillance of influenza and agents causing ILI is important for the developmentof a prophylaxis approach and infection control. In the present study, we utilize the Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to identify the presence of influenza virus and other agents associated with ILI in nasopharyngeal smears obtained from patients exhibiting symptoms of influenza and ILI. The study sample included patients who were admitted to multiple clinics and intensive care units (ICU) of the Health Sciences University Ankara Training and Research Hospital in the period preceding, and in the initial months and first year following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Throughthe comparisons made in the study, the intention is to gain a better understanding of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on other viral infectious agents transmitted via the respiratory tract.
Methods: Included in the study were 257 admitted to different wards and ICUs of our hospital due to symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infection and ILI between 2015 and 2021 (excluding data from 2017–2018). The study was conducted prospectively within the scope of the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network project. Using sterile swabs, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from inpatients who provided informed consent for their participation in the study, and the samples were placed in a viral transport medium. The presence of influenza viruses (Influenza A, subtypes of Influenza A and Influenza B) and agents causing ILI (i.e. respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus) was investigated with an RT-PCR approach.
Results: The most common symptoms among the 257 patients included in the study with pre-diagnoses of influenza and ILI were cough (82.2%), fever (67.7%), shortness of breath (66.1%) and myalgia (40%). The RT-PCR detected a viral agent in 60 (23.3%) of the 257 patients, whereas no agent could be detected in 197 (76.6%) patients. Furthermore, 51 (18.5%) tested positive for influenza virus, five (1.9%) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and four (1.5%) for SARS-CoV-2. An analysis of the results within two distinct time frames, namely prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2016–2017, 2019–prior to December 10, 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (between December 11, 2020 and 2021), influenza viruses (influenza A H1N1 and influenza A H3N2), RSV and influenza type B were identified as the dominant viruses before the COVID-19 pandemic, while the predominant viruses were a single influenza strain and four SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID-19 pandemic.A significant difference was noted in the distribution of viruses between the two time frames – prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic. Of the patients, 199 (77.4%) were discharged with full recovery while 58 patients died (22.6%). Of the 58 patients that died, 25 were female (25/131 females) and 33 were male (33/126 males), 11 had tested positive for influenza virus andone for RSV, while no infectious agent could be identified in 46 patients.
Conclusion: The implementation of molecular testing methods for the identification of viral infectious agents among inpatients during influenza and ILI outbreaks, administering antiviral and prophylactic treatments targeting influenza, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and adopting infection control measures, could significantly decrease mortality and morbidity rates while mitigating the complications associated with these infectious agents.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • Başaranoğlu ST, Bilgin E, Tanrıöver MD ve ark. İnfluenza benzeri hastalık nedeniyle yatırılan hastalarda respiratuvar sinsityal virüs infeksiyonu sıklığı ve mortaliteye etkisi: prospektif, çok merkezli gerçek yaşam verileri. Flora. 2018;23:172-178.
  • Tanriover MD, Bagci Bosi T, Ozisik L, et al. Poor outcomes among elderly patients hospitalized for influenza-like illness. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34:1201-1207.
  • Humiston SG, Pham TN. Influenza-Like Illness Diagnosis and Management in the Acute Care Setting. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016;32:875-882.
  • World Health Organization. Influenza seasonal. Available online: https://www.who.int/health-topics/influenza-seasonal#tab=tab_1
  • Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of respiratory viral infections. Annu Rev Virol. 2020;7:83-101.
  • Yedlapati SH, Khan SU, Talluri S, et al. Effects of influenza vaccine on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10: e019636. doi: 10.1161/JAHA. 120.019636
  • Gupta C, Sachdeva A, Khamar J, Bu C, Bartoszko J, Loeb M. Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at reducing adverse events in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022;40:3433-3443.
  • 8.Muñoz MP, Soldevila N, Martínez A, et al. Influenza vaccine coverage, influenza-associated morbidity and all-cause mortality in Catalonia (Spain). Vaccine. 2011;29:5047-5052. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.067
  • Ahmed AE, Nicholson KG, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989-90 epidemic. Lancet. 1995;346(8975):591-595.
  • Soudani S, Mafi A, Al Mayahi Z, et al. A. A systematic review of influenza epidemiology and surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African Region. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(1):15-52. doi: 10.1007/s40121-021-00534-3. E
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flue/weekly/overview.htm
  • Agca H, Akalin H, Saglik I, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Ener B. Changing epidemiology of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14:1186-1190.
  • Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, et al. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:3681–3685.
  • Lee H, Lee H, Song KH, et al. Impact of public health interventions on seasonal influenza activity during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Korea. Clin Infect Dis. 2020:ciaa672.
  • Kuitunen I, Artama M, Mäkelä L, Backman K, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Renko M. Effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of viral respiratory tract infections in children in Finland during early 2020. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:e423–427.
  • Appak Ö, Dinç F, Sayıner AA. COVID-19’un solunum yolu virüslerininprevalansına etkisi. 6. Ulusal Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Hibrid Kongresi, 20-24 Ekim 2021, Bildiri Özet Kitabı, p.17: SS-008.
  • Shi WY, Hu SP, Zhang HL, et al. Differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia using a model based on clinicoradiologic features. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8: 651556. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651556
  • Ramanan P, Bryson AL, Binnicker MJ, Pritt BS, Patel R. Syndromic panel-based testing in clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;31:e00024-17. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-17
  • Paz V, D'Agostino ML, Garibaldi F, Orellana R, Paniagua M, Santillán A. Multiplex PCR in the empirical antibiotic treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial respiratory superinfection. Infect Prev Pract. 2022;4(3):100227. doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100227
  • Murphy CN, Fowler R, Balada-Llasat JM, et al. Multicenter evaluation of the biofirefilmarray pneumonia/pneumonia plus panel for detection and quantification of agents of lower respiratory tract infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:e00128-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00128-20.
  • Huang HS, Tsai CL, Chang J, Hsu TC, Lin S, Lee CC. Multiplex PCR system for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24: 1055-1063. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.018
  • Stiver G. The treatment of influenza with antiviral drugs. CMAJ 2003;168(1):49-56. 8.
  • Papaioannou A, Konstantinidi AE, Primikiri E, Asimakopoulou F, Aravantinos D, Mavromichali Z. Influenza vaccination rate among high risk group patients in primary health care in Greece. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020; 28: 297-301. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5237.
  • Ekici H, Buzgan T, Ekinci B, Kara F, Keskinkılıç B, Irmak H. Kronik hastalığı olan erişkinlerin 2015-2017 yılları arasında influenzaya karşı aşılanma durumları. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2022;79: 25-38.
  • Özışık L, Yekedüz E, Tanrıöver MD, Helvacı Ö, Başaran NÇ, Ünal S. Risk altındaki erişkinlerin pnömokok ve influenza aşılanma oranları ve aşıya karşı tutumları. Flora. 2016;21:15-20
  • Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD004876. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004876
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Microbiology, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Metin Özsoy 0000-0003-1515-8129

Necla Tülek 0000-0002-3952-4982

Project Number -
Early Pub Date July 28, 2023
Publication Date July 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Özsoy M, Tülek N. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surveillance of influenza and influenza-like viruses: a single center experience. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. July 2023;6(4):756-762. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1303422

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