Research Article
WAYS OF COPING WITH STRESS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to determine levels of perceived social support and ways of coping with stress in mothers of children with intellectual disability.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with mothers of children with intellectual disability who were registered in two vocational training centres. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 84 mothers of children with intellectual disability. Data were collected the Scale of Ways of Coping with Stress, and with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
Results: It was found that as support from friends, significant others, and total perceived social support increased in mothers of children with intellectual disability, the use of effective ways of coping with stress increased (p<.05). As the children’s age increased, the mothers’ use of effective methods for stress increased (p<.05). Mothers who had boys and difficulties regarding the future had low levels of perceived social support (p<.05).
Conclusion: Social support provided by friends or significant others was important for coping with stress effectively in mothers of children with intellectual disability.
Supporting Institution
Yoktur
Project Number
Yoktur
Thanks
This study was presented as a poster at the 5th International and 16th National Nursing Congress, 5-8 November 2017, Ankara, Turkey. We gratefully thank all the mothers and the team of the translation company.
References
- 1. AAIDD. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th ed.). Washington DC. 2010. 2 . WHO. Disability. (2017) Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ 3. DIE. Türkiye Ozürlüler Araştirması. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası: Ankara; 2002. 4. Sen E, Yurtsever S. Difficulties experienced by families with disabled children. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2007;12(4):238-252. 5. Bawalsah JA. Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents of Children with Physical, Mental, and Hearing Disabilities in Jordan. International Journal of Education 2016;8(1):1-22. 6. Dicle A. Otistik çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin başa çıkma tutumları ve duygu kontrol durumları arasındaki ilişki. Journal Social Sciences Studies 2017;(3):955-965. 7. Olsson I, Roll-Pettersson L. ‘No no, you cannot say that!’Perceptions and experiences of parents of preschool children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. European Journal of Special Needs Education 2012;27(1):69-80. 8. Durualp E, Kocabas K, Arslan A, Ozaydin K. The examination of the needs and stress levels of the parents of handicapped children in terms of some variables. US-China Education Review B 2011;2:260-272. 9. Kaytez N, Durualp E, Kadan G. Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2015;4(1):197-214. 10. DeLambo D, Chung W, Huang W. Stress and age: A comparison of Asian American and non-Asian American parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2011;23(2):129-141. 11. Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, Hendricks C, Painter KM, Suwalsky JT, Collins WA. Stability, continuity, and similarity of parenting stress in European American mothers and fathers across their child's transition to adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice 2010;10(1):60-77. 12. Gülşen B, Özer FG. Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin stresle baş etme durumları. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(5):413-420. 1. AAIDD. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th ed.). Washington DC. 2010. 2. WHO. Disability. (2017) Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ 3. DIE. Türkiye Ozürlüler Araştirması. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası: Ankara; 2002. 4. Sen E, Yurtsever S. Difficulties experienced by families with disabled children. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2007;12(4):238-252. 5. Bawalsah JA. Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents of Children with Physical, Mental, and Hearing Disabilities in Jordan. International Journal of Education 2016;8(1):1-22. 6. Dicle A. Otistik çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin başa çıkma tutumları ve duygu kontrol durumları arasındaki ilişki. Journal Social Sciences Studies 2017;(3):955-965. 7. Olsson I, Roll-Pettersson L. ‘No no, you cannot say that!’Perceptions and experiences of parents of preschool children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. European Journal of Special Needs Education 2012;27(1):69-80. 8. Durualp E, Kocabas K, Arslan A, Ozaydin K. The examination of the needs and stress levels of the parents of handicapped children in terms of some variables. US-China Education Review B 2011;2:260-272. 9. Kaytez N, Durualp E, Kadan G. Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2015;4(1):197-214. 10. DeLambo D, Chung W, Huang W. Stress and age: A comparison of Asian American and non-Asian American parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2011;23(2):129-141. 11. Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, Hendricks C, Painter KM, Suwalsky JT, Collins WA. Stability, continuity, and similarity of parenting stress in European American mothers and fathers across their child's transition to adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice 2010;10(1):60-77. 12. Gülşen B, Özer FG. Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin stresle baş etme durumları. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(5):413-420. 13. Patton KA, Ware R, McPherson L, Emerson E, Lennox N. Parent‐related stress of male and female carers of adolescents with ıntellectual disabilities and carers of children within the general population: a cross‐sectional comparison. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2018;31(1):51-61. 14. Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldiz H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği.Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2001;12:14-25. 15. Ayyıldız T, Şener DK, Kulakçı H, Veren F.. Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin stresle baş etme yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi 2013;11(2):1-12. 16. Coşkun Y, Akkaş G.. Engelli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyleri İle Sosyal Destek Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;10(1):213–227. 17. Ersoy Ö, Çürük N. Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip annelerde sosyal desteğin önemi. Aile ve Toplum 2009;11(5):104-110. 18. Kaner S. Aile Katılımı ve İşbirliği. In: Sucuoğlu B, editor. Zihin Engelliler ve Eğitimleri. Ankara: Kok Yayıncılık; 2009. p. 352-405. 19. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1980;21(3):219-239. 20. Şahin N, Durak A. Stresle başaçıkma tarzları ölçeği: üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 1995;10(34):56-73. 21. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK.. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment 1988;52(1):30-41. 22. Cavkaytar, A., Batu, S., & Cetin, O. B. Perspectives of Turkish mothers on having a child with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Special Education 2008;23(2):101-109. 23. Khamis V. Psychological distress among parents of children with mental retardation in the United Arab Emirates. Social Science & Medicine 2007;64(4):850-857. 24. Park SY, Glidden LM, Shin JY. Structural and functional aspects of social support for mothers of children with and without cognitive delays in Vietnam. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2010;23(1):38-51. 25. Karpat D, Girli A. Yaygın gelisimsel bozukluk tanılı cocukların anne-babalarının yas tepkilerinin, evlilik uyumlarının ve sosyal destek algılarının incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2012;13(02):69-85. 26. Turan Gürhopur FD, İşler Dalgiç A. Zihinsel Yetersiz Çocuğu Olan Ebeveynlerde Aile Yükü. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dergisi 2017;8(1):9-16. 27. Sivrikaya T, Tekinarslan İÇ. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip annelerde stres, sosyal destek ve aile yükü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2013;14(2):17-29. 28. Wang P, Michaels CA, Day MS. Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2011;41(6):783-795. 29. Karadağ G. Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile aileden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(4):315-322.
Year 2020,
Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 535 - 541, 30.12.2020
Abstract
Project Number
Yoktur
References
- 1. AAIDD. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th ed.). Washington DC. 2010. 2 . WHO. Disability. (2017) Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ 3. DIE. Türkiye Ozürlüler Araştirması. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası: Ankara; 2002. 4. Sen E, Yurtsever S. Difficulties experienced by families with disabled children. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2007;12(4):238-252. 5. Bawalsah JA. Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents of Children with Physical, Mental, and Hearing Disabilities in Jordan. International Journal of Education 2016;8(1):1-22. 6. Dicle A. Otistik çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin başa çıkma tutumları ve duygu kontrol durumları arasındaki ilişki. Journal Social Sciences Studies 2017;(3):955-965. 7. Olsson I, Roll-Pettersson L. ‘No no, you cannot say that!’Perceptions and experiences of parents of preschool children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. European Journal of Special Needs Education 2012;27(1):69-80. 8. Durualp E, Kocabas K, Arslan A, Ozaydin K. The examination of the needs and stress levels of the parents of handicapped children in terms of some variables. US-China Education Review B 2011;2:260-272. 9. Kaytez N, Durualp E, Kadan G. Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2015;4(1):197-214. 10. DeLambo D, Chung W, Huang W. Stress and age: A comparison of Asian American and non-Asian American parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2011;23(2):129-141. 11. Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, Hendricks C, Painter KM, Suwalsky JT, Collins WA. Stability, continuity, and similarity of parenting stress in European American mothers and fathers across their child's transition to adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice 2010;10(1):60-77. 12. Gülşen B, Özer FG. Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin stresle baş etme durumları. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(5):413-420. 1. AAIDD. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (11th ed.). Washington DC. 2010. 2. WHO. Disability. (2017) Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ 3. DIE. Türkiye Ozürlüler Araştirması. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası: Ankara; 2002. 4. Sen E, Yurtsever S. Difficulties experienced by families with disabled children. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2007;12(4):238-252. 5. Bawalsah JA. Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents of Children with Physical, Mental, and Hearing Disabilities in Jordan. International Journal of Education 2016;8(1):1-22. 6. Dicle A. Otistik çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin başa çıkma tutumları ve duygu kontrol durumları arasındaki ilişki. Journal Social Sciences Studies 2017;(3):955-965. 7. Olsson I, Roll-Pettersson L. ‘No no, you cannot say that!’Perceptions and experiences of parents of preschool children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. European Journal of Special Needs Education 2012;27(1):69-80. 8. Durualp E, Kocabas K, Arslan A, Ozaydin K. The examination of the needs and stress levels of the parents of handicapped children in terms of some variables. US-China Education Review B 2011;2:260-272. 9. Kaytez N, Durualp E, Kadan G. Engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin gereksinimlerinin ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2015;4(1):197-214. 10. DeLambo D, Chung W, Huang W. Stress and age: A comparison of Asian American and non-Asian American parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2011;23(2):129-141. 11. Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, Hendricks C, Painter KM, Suwalsky JT, Collins WA. Stability, continuity, and similarity of parenting stress in European American mothers and fathers across their child's transition to adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice 2010;10(1):60-77. 12. Gülşen B, Özer FG. Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin stresle baş etme durumları. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(5):413-420. 13. Patton KA, Ware R, McPherson L, Emerson E, Lennox N. Parent‐related stress of male and female carers of adolescents with ıntellectual disabilities and carers of children within the general population: a cross‐sectional comparison. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2018;31(1):51-61. 14. Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldiz H. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği.Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2001;12:14-25. 15. Ayyıldız T, Şener DK, Kulakçı H, Veren F.. Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin stresle baş etme yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi 2013;11(2):1-12. 16. Coşkun Y, Akkaş G.. Engelli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyleri İle Sosyal Destek Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;10(1):213–227. 17. Ersoy Ö, Çürük N. Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip annelerde sosyal desteğin önemi. Aile ve Toplum 2009;11(5):104-110. 18. Kaner S. Aile Katılımı ve İşbirliği. In: Sucuoğlu B, editor. Zihin Engelliler ve Eğitimleri. Ankara: Kok Yayıncılık; 2009. p. 352-405. 19. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1980;21(3):219-239. 20. Şahin N, Durak A. Stresle başaçıkma tarzları ölçeği: üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 1995;10(34):56-73. 21. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK.. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment 1988;52(1):30-41. 22. Cavkaytar, A., Batu, S., & Cetin, O. B. Perspectives of Turkish mothers on having a child with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Special Education 2008;23(2):101-109. 23. Khamis V. Psychological distress among parents of children with mental retardation in the United Arab Emirates. Social Science & Medicine 2007;64(4):850-857. 24. Park SY, Glidden LM, Shin JY. Structural and functional aspects of social support for mothers of children with and without cognitive delays in Vietnam. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2010;23(1):38-51. 25. Karpat D, Girli A. Yaygın gelisimsel bozukluk tanılı cocukların anne-babalarının yas tepkilerinin, evlilik uyumlarının ve sosyal destek algılarının incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2012;13(02):69-85. 26. Turan Gürhopur FD, İşler Dalgiç A. Zihinsel Yetersiz Çocuğu Olan Ebeveynlerde Aile Yükü. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dergisi 2017;8(1):9-16. 27. Sivrikaya T, Tekinarslan İÇ. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip annelerde stres, sosyal destek ve aile yükü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2013;14(2):17-29. 28. Wang P, Michaels CA, Day MS. Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2011;41(6):783-795. 29. Karadağ G. Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile aileden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009;8(4):315-322.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Research |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Yoktur |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | June 24, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 |
