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Evaluatıon of The Water Qualıty of Kura-Aras Rıver Basıns, Transboundary Rıvers of Türkiye, Accordıng to Some Bıotıc Indıces

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 474 - 483, 30.09.2023

Hazel Baytaşoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1331904

Abstract

This study aimed in the Kura-Aras river basin, which is the transbourdary system of Türkiye, to determine water quality by using some physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates. In the spring and autumn periods, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected by standard D-Frame Net and Ekman grab from stations. A total of 30 stations were selected along the basin. In this study, following BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working(Biological Monitoring Working Party), ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index. It was determined that the most dominant group was Insecta and the rarest group was Oligochaeta in the Kura- Aras River basin. As a result of the evaluation of the selected stations in the basin in terms of physicochemical parameters, it was determined that they showed 2nd and 3rd class water characteristics in terms of PO4-P and NH4–N. According to BMWP and ASPT biotic indexes, it has been determined that it has 3rd and 4th class properties.

Keywords

ASPT BMWP freshwater physicochemical parameters

Supporting Institution

RTEU-BAP

Project Number

FBA-2021-1211

Thanks

I thanks to Prof. Dr. Ahmet Mutlu GÖZLER for his literature and assistance in the identification of taxa belonging to Mollusca and Ephemeroptera.

References

  • Adalı, N. (2014). Su kirliliği açısından hassas alanların ve su kalitesi hedeflerinin belirlenmesi ile hassas alanların yönetimine ilişkin esaslar, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara, 170.
  • Aliyev, SI. (2022). The environment of macrozoobenthos of Kura-Aras basın rivers. Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences, 7, 152-167.
  • APHA, (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.
  • Armendariz, L.C., Capitulo, A.R. & Ambrosio, E.S. (2011). Relationships between the spatial distribution of oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) and environmental variables in a temperate estuary system of South America (Rio de la Plata, Argentina). New Zeland Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, 45, 263-279.
  • Arslan, N. & Mercan, D. (2020). The aquatic oligochaete fauna of Lake Çıldır, Ardahan-Kars, Turkey, including an up-dated checklist of freshwater annelids known to occur in the country. Zoosymposia, 17, 53-76. DOI: 10.11646/zoosymposia.17.1.8
  • Baytaşoğlu, H. & Gözler, A.M. (2021). Evaluation of water quality of Çoruh River Basin (Turkey) using some biotic indices. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 399-409. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.38.4.01
  • Burgmer, T., Hillebrand, H. & Pfenninger, M. (2007). Effects of climate-driven temperature changes on the diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates. Oecologia, 151, 93-103.
  • Coşkun, S. (2020). Aras-Kura Kapalı Havzasının Ortalama Sıcaklık, Yağış ve Akım Verilerinin Trend Analizi (Türkiye), The Journal of International Social Sciences, 30, 29-42.
  • Çelekli, A., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, Ö., Toudjani, A.A. & Çetin, T. (2019). Limno-ecological assessment of Aras River surface waters in Turkey: application of diatom indices. Environment Science & Pollution Research, 26, 8028-8038.
  • Çiçek, E. & Sungur, S. (2016). Ichthyofauna of the Turkish parts of Kura-Aras River Basin. FishTaxa, 1, 14-26.
  • De Pauw, N. & Hawkes, HA. (1993). Biological Monitoring of River Water Quality. in: Walley, W.J., Judd, S. (Eds.), River Water Quality Monitoring and Control. 87-112 Aston University, Birmingham.
  • Ertaş, A. & Yorulmaz, B. (2021). Assessing water quality in the Kelebek Stream branch (Gediz River Basin, West Antolia of Turkey) using physicochemi-cal and macroinvertebrate-based indices. Aquatic Research, 4, 260-278. DOI: 10.3153/AR21020
  • Ertaş, A., Öztürk, S., Yaşartürk, M. & Yorulmaz, B. (2023). Biological Assesment of Demirci Stream in Gediz River Basin (West Anatolia of Turkey) and Comparative Performance of Benthic Macroinvertebrate-Based Metrics, Biologia, 78, 1103-1112
  • Ertaş, A. & Yorulmaz, B. (2022). Comparative Performance of the Indices Used for Bioassessmentof Water Quality of Sangı Stream (West Anatolia, Turkey). Russian Journal of Ecology, 53, 312-327.
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2017). Water pollution from agriculture: A global review (executive summary). Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7754e.pdf.
  • Ilyashuk, B.P. (1999). Littoral Oligochaete (Annelida: Oligochaeta) communities in neutral and acidic lakes in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Boreal Environtal Research, 4, 277-284.
  • Kaboré, I., Moog, O., Alp, M., Guenda, W. & Koblinger, T. (2016). Using macroinvertebrates for ecosystem health assessment in semi-arid streams of Burkina faso. Hydrobiologia, 766, 57- 74. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-015-2443-6.
  • Kalyoncu, H. & Zeybek, M. (2011). An application of different biotic and diversity indices for assessing water quality: A case study in the Rivers Çukurca and Isparta (Turkey). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6,19-27.
  • Kazancı, N., Ekingen, P., Türkmen, G., Ertunç, Ö., Dügel, M. & Gültutan, Y. (2010). Assesment of ecological quality of Aksu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) in Eastern Black Sea Region by using Water Framework Directive (WFD) methods based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Review of Hydrobiology, 3,165-184.
  • Kazancı, G. N, Türkmen, G. & Başören, Ö. (2015). Application of BMWP and using benthic macroinvertebrates to determine the water quality of a transboundary running water Çoruh River Turkey. Review of Hydrobiology, 8, 119-130.
  • Kılıç, N.K, Caner, H, Erginal, A.E, Ersin, S., Selim, H.H. & Kaya, H. (2018). Environmental changes based on multi-proxy analysis of core sediments in Lake Aktaş, Turkey: preliminary results. Quaternary International, 486, 89-97.
  • Kırpık, M.A, Tanrıkulu, D. & Altunoğlu, M.K. (2019). Aktaş (Ardahan) Gölü ve Çevresinin Faunistik Yapısı. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 89-95.
  • Kükrer, S., Seker, S., Abaci, Z.T. & Kutlu, B. (2014). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of northern littoral zone of Lake Çildir, Ardahan. Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 3847-3857.
  • Lenat, D. (1993). Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 12, 220-222. DOI: 10.2307/1467358
  • Mauricio Da Rocha, J.R, Almeida, J.R., Lins, G.A. & Durval, A. (2010). Insects as Indicators of Environmental Changing and Pollution: A Review of Appropriate Species and Their Monitoring. Holos environment, 10, 250-262.
  • Mercan, D., Arslan, N., Çamur-Elipek, B., Ertorun, N. & Odabaşı, D.A. (2022). Aras Nehri havzasındaki (Kuzeydoğu Türkiye) üç gölün (Çıldır, Aktaş ve Aygır) makrozoobentik fauna yapısının ilk değerlendirilmesi. Aquatic Research, 5, 307-318. DOI: 10.3153/AR22030
  • Merritt, R., Cummins, K. & Berg, M., (1978). An Introduc-tion to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 1st ed.; Ken-dall/Hunt Publishing Company: Dubuque, Iowa, U.S.A.
  • Minaya, V., McClain, M.E., Moog, O., Omengo, F.S. & Gabriel, A. (2013). Scale-dependent effects of rural activities on benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical characteristics in headwater streams of the Mara River, Kenya. Ecological Indicators, 32, 116-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.011
  • Moisan, J. & Pelletier, L. (2008). Guide de surveillance bi-ologique basée sur les macroinvertébrés benthiques d’eau douce du Québec-cours d’eau peu profonde à substrat grossier. Direction de Suivi de l’Etat de l’Environnement, Ministère du Développement Durable de l’Environnement et des Parcs. 86p.
  • Ode, P.R, Rehn, A.C. & May, J.T. A. (2005). Quantitative tool for assessing the integrity of southern coastal California streams. Environmental Management, 35, 493-504. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-004-0035-8.
  • Özbay, H. & Kılınç, S. (2008). Limnological studies on the transboundary Turkish soda lake: Lake Aktaş. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17, 722-731. Rashid, R. & Pandit, A.K. (2014). Macroinvertebrates (Oligochaetes) as indicators of pollution: A review. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 6, 140-144. DOI: 10.5897/JENE2014.0443
  • Serdar, O &Verep, B. (2018). The Investigation of Water Quality of İyidere and Çiftekavak Streams Using Physico-Chemical and Biotic Indexes. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 4, 61-71.
  • Sukatar, A, Yorulmaz, B., Ayaz, D. & Barlas, M. (2006). Emiralem Deresi’nin (İzmir-Menemen) Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal ve Biyolojik (Bentik Makroomurgasızlar) Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 328-333.
  • Tanyolac, J. (2004). Limnology (3rd edition) (in Turkish), Ankara: Hatipoğlu Press. ISBN: 975-752-746-6 UNDP/GEF. (2007). Kura-Aras River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. TDA report. Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology Lake and Reservoir Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego. Third Edition. Acade-mic Press, San Diego. DOI: 10.1016/C2009-0-02112-6
  • Wilhm, J.L. & Dorris, T.C. (1968). Biological parameters for water quality criteria. BioScience, 18, 477-81. DOI: 10.2307/1294272
  • Yeşilbaş, N. & Kapan, K. (2021). Kura ve Aras Nehirlerinin Azerbaycan Aran (Kür-Araz) Bölgesi Açısından Jeoekonomik Önemi. Avrasya incelemeleri Dergisi, 10, 167-192.
  • Yıldız, D. (2017). Transkafkasya’nın Sınıraşan Su Sorunları. World Water Diplomacy & Science News, 10001, 1-25.
  • Yontar, B. (2009). Aras Havzası’nda yayılı kirletici kaynakların belirlenmesi ve yönetim önerileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 116s.
  • Yorulmaz, B. & Ertaş, A. (2021). Water quality asssesment of Selendi stream and comparative performance of the indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates and physical parameters. Biologia, 76, 2599-2607.
  • Zeeb, S. (2010). Adaptation to Climate Change in the Kura-Aras River Basin, River Basin Snapshot Draft for Discussion, Competence Center Water and Waste Management, 46.
  • Zeybek, M., Kalyoncu, H., Karakaş, B. & Özgül, S. (2014). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Değirmendere Stream (Isparta, Turkey). Turkısh journal of Zoology, 38, 603-613.
  • Zeybek, M. (2017). Macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices for evaluating the water quality of Kargı Stream (Antalya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41, 476-486. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1602-10.

Türkiye’nin Sınıraşan Akarsularından Kura-Aras Nehir Havzaları Su Kalitesinin Bazı Biyotik İndekslere Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 474 - 483, 30.09.2023

Hazel Baytaşoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1331904

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin sınır ötesi sistemi olan Kür-Aras havzasında bazı fizikokimyasal parametreler ve makroomurgasızlar kullanılarak su kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlkbahar ve sonbahar dönemlerinde, istasyonlardan standart D-Frame Net ve Ekman kepçesi ile bentik makroomurgasızlar toplanmıştır. Havza boyunca toplam 30 istasyon seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sırasıyla BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party), ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), Simpson Çeşitlilik İndeksi, Shannon-Weaver Çeşitlilik İndeksi, Margalef Çeşitlilik İndeksi takip edilmiştir. Kura-Aras Nehri havzasında en baskın grubun Insecta, en nadir grubun Oligochaeta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Havzada seçilen istasyonların fizikokimyasal parametreler açısından değerlendirilmesi sonucunda PO4-P ve NH4–N açısından 2. ve 3. sınıf su özelliği gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. BMWP ve ASPT biyotik indekslerine göre 3. ve 4. sınıf özelliklere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

ASPT BMWP içsu fizikokimyasal parametreler

Project Number

FBA-2021-1211

References

  • Adalı, N. (2014). Su kirliliği açısından hassas alanların ve su kalitesi hedeflerinin belirlenmesi ile hassas alanların yönetimine ilişkin esaslar, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara, 170.
  • Aliyev, SI. (2022). The environment of macrozoobenthos of Kura-Aras basın rivers. Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences, 7, 152-167.
  • APHA, (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.
  • Armendariz, L.C., Capitulo, A.R. & Ambrosio, E.S. (2011). Relationships between the spatial distribution of oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) and environmental variables in a temperate estuary system of South America (Rio de la Plata, Argentina). New Zeland Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, 45, 263-279.
  • Arslan, N. & Mercan, D. (2020). The aquatic oligochaete fauna of Lake Çıldır, Ardahan-Kars, Turkey, including an up-dated checklist of freshwater annelids known to occur in the country. Zoosymposia, 17, 53-76. DOI: 10.11646/zoosymposia.17.1.8
  • Baytaşoğlu, H. & Gözler, A.M. (2021). Evaluation of water quality of Çoruh River Basin (Turkey) using some biotic indices. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 399-409. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.38.4.01
  • Burgmer, T., Hillebrand, H. & Pfenninger, M. (2007). Effects of climate-driven temperature changes on the diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates. Oecologia, 151, 93-103.
  • Coşkun, S. (2020). Aras-Kura Kapalı Havzasının Ortalama Sıcaklık, Yağış ve Akım Verilerinin Trend Analizi (Türkiye), The Journal of International Social Sciences, 30, 29-42.
  • Çelekli, A., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, Ö., Toudjani, A.A. & Çetin, T. (2019). Limno-ecological assessment of Aras River surface waters in Turkey: application of diatom indices. Environment Science & Pollution Research, 26, 8028-8038.
  • Çiçek, E. & Sungur, S. (2016). Ichthyofauna of the Turkish parts of Kura-Aras River Basin. FishTaxa, 1, 14-26.
  • De Pauw, N. & Hawkes, HA. (1993). Biological Monitoring of River Water Quality. in: Walley, W.J., Judd, S. (Eds.), River Water Quality Monitoring and Control. 87-112 Aston University, Birmingham.
  • Ertaş, A. & Yorulmaz, B. (2021). Assessing water quality in the Kelebek Stream branch (Gediz River Basin, West Antolia of Turkey) using physicochemi-cal and macroinvertebrate-based indices. Aquatic Research, 4, 260-278. DOI: 10.3153/AR21020
  • Ertaş, A., Öztürk, S., Yaşartürk, M. & Yorulmaz, B. (2023). Biological Assesment of Demirci Stream in Gediz River Basin (West Anatolia of Turkey) and Comparative Performance of Benthic Macroinvertebrate-Based Metrics, Biologia, 78, 1103-1112
  • Ertaş, A. & Yorulmaz, B. (2022). Comparative Performance of the Indices Used for Bioassessmentof Water Quality of Sangı Stream (West Anatolia, Turkey). Russian Journal of Ecology, 53, 312-327.
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2017). Water pollution from agriculture: A global review (executive summary). Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7754e.pdf.
  • Ilyashuk, B.P. (1999). Littoral Oligochaete (Annelida: Oligochaeta) communities in neutral and acidic lakes in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Boreal Environtal Research, 4, 277-284.
  • Kaboré, I., Moog, O., Alp, M., Guenda, W. & Koblinger, T. (2016). Using macroinvertebrates for ecosystem health assessment in semi-arid streams of Burkina faso. Hydrobiologia, 766, 57- 74. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-015-2443-6.
  • Kalyoncu, H. & Zeybek, M. (2011). An application of different biotic and diversity indices for assessing water quality: A case study in the Rivers Çukurca and Isparta (Turkey). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6,19-27.
  • Kazancı, N., Ekingen, P., Türkmen, G., Ertunç, Ö., Dügel, M. & Gültutan, Y. (2010). Assesment of ecological quality of Aksu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) in Eastern Black Sea Region by using Water Framework Directive (WFD) methods based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Review of Hydrobiology, 3,165-184.
  • Kazancı, G. N, Türkmen, G. & Başören, Ö. (2015). Application of BMWP and using benthic macroinvertebrates to determine the water quality of a transboundary running water Çoruh River Turkey. Review of Hydrobiology, 8, 119-130.
  • Kılıç, N.K, Caner, H, Erginal, A.E, Ersin, S., Selim, H.H. & Kaya, H. (2018). Environmental changes based on multi-proxy analysis of core sediments in Lake Aktaş, Turkey: preliminary results. Quaternary International, 486, 89-97.
  • Kırpık, M.A, Tanrıkulu, D. & Altunoğlu, M.K. (2019). Aktaş (Ardahan) Gölü ve Çevresinin Faunistik Yapısı. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 89-95.
  • Kükrer, S., Seker, S., Abaci, Z.T. & Kutlu, B. (2014). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of northern littoral zone of Lake Çildir, Ardahan. Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 3847-3857.
  • Lenat, D. (1993). Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 12, 220-222. DOI: 10.2307/1467358
  • Mauricio Da Rocha, J.R, Almeida, J.R., Lins, G.A. & Durval, A. (2010). Insects as Indicators of Environmental Changing and Pollution: A Review of Appropriate Species and Their Monitoring. Holos environment, 10, 250-262.
  • Mercan, D., Arslan, N., Çamur-Elipek, B., Ertorun, N. & Odabaşı, D.A. (2022). Aras Nehri havzasındaki (Kuzeydoğu Türkiye) üç gölün (Çıldır, Aktaş ve Aygır) makrozoobentik fauna yapısının ilk değerlendirilmesi. Aquatic Research, 5, 307-318. DOI: 10.3153/AR22030
  • Merritt, R., Cummins, K. & Berg, M., (1978). An Introduc-tion to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 1st ed.; Ken-dall/Hunt Publishing Company: Dubuque, Iowa, U.S.A.
  • Minaya, V., McClain, M.E., Moog, O., Omengo, F.S. & Gabriel, A. (2013). Scale-dependent effects of rural activities on benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical characteristics in headwater streams of the Mara River, Kenya. Ecological Indicators, 32, 116-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.011
  • Moisan, J. & Pelletier, L. (2008). Guide de surveillance bi-ologique basée sur les macroinvertébrés benthiques d’eau douce du Québec-cours d’eau peu profonde à substrat grossier. Direction de Suivi de l’Etat de l’Environnement, Ministère du Développement Durable de l’Environnement et des Parcs. 86p.
  • Ode, P.R, Rehn, A.C. & May, J.T. A. (2005). Quantitative tool for assessing the integrity of southern coastal California streams. Environmental Management, 35, 493-504. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-004-0035-8.
  • Özbay, H. & Kılınç, S. (2008). Limnological studies on the transboundary Turkish soda lake: Lake Aktaş. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17, 722-731. Rashid, R. & Pandit, A.K. (2014). Macroinvertebrates (Oligochaetes) as indicators of pollution: A review. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 6, 140-144. DOI: 10.5897/JENE2014.0443
  • Serdar, O &Verep, B. (2018). The Investigation of Water Quality of İyidere and Çiftekavak Streams Using Physico-Chemical and Biotic Indexes. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 4, 61-71.
  • Sukatar, A, Yorulmaz, B., Ayaz, D. & Barlas, M. (2006). Emiralem Deresi’nin (İzmir-Menemen) Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal ve Biyolojik (Bentik Makroomurgasızlar) Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 328-333.
  • Tanyolac, J. (2004). Limnology (3rd edition) (in Turkish), Ankara: Hatipoğlu Press. ISBN: 975-752-746-6 UNDP/GEF. (2007). Kura-Aras River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. TDA report. Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology Lake and Reservoir Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego. Third Edition. Acade-mic Press, San Diego. DOI: 10.1016/C2009-0-02112-6
  • Wilhm, J.L. & Dorris, T.C. (1968). Biological parameters for water quality criteria. BioScience, 18, 477-81. DOI: 10.2307/1294272
  • Yeşilbaş, N. & Kapan, K. (2021). Kura ve Aras Nehirlerinin Azerbaycan Aran (Kür-Araz) Bölgesi Açısından Jeoekonomik Önemi. Avrasya incelemeleri Dergisi, 10, 167-192.
  • Yıldız, D. (2017). Transkafkasya’nın Sınıraşan Su Sorunları. World Water Diplomacy & Science News, 10001, 1-25.
  • Yontar, B. (2009). Aras Havzası’nda yayılı kirletici kaynakların belirlenmesi ve yönetim önerileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 116s.
  • Yorulmaz, B. & Ertaş, A. (2021). Water quality asssesment of Selendi stream and comparative performance of the indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates and physical parameters. Biologia, 76, 2599-2607.
  • Zeeb, S. (2010). Adaptation to Climate Change in the Kura-Aras River Basin, River Basin Snapshot Draft for Discussion, Competence Center Water and Waste Management, 46.
  • Zeybek, M., Kalyoncu, H., Karakaş, B. & Özgül, S. (2014). The use of BMWP and ASPT indices for evaluation of water quality according to macroinvertebrates in Değirmendere Stream (Isparta, Turkey). Turkısh journal of Zoology, 38, 603-613.
  • Zeybek, M. (2017). Macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices for evaluating the water quality of Kargı Stream (Antalya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41, 476-486. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1602-10.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecology (Other), Invertebrate Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hazel Baytaşoğlu 0000-0002-9959-1829

Project Number FBA-2021-1211
Early Pub Date September 20, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date July 24, 2023
Acceptance Date September 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Baytaşoğlu, H. (2023). Evaluatıon of The Water Qualıty of Kura-Aras Rıver Basıns, Transboundary Rıvers of Türkiye, Accordıng to Some Bıotıc Indıces. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 474-483. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1331904
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