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Lepistes Balıklarında Bazı Herbisidlerin Akut Toksik Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 106 - 114, 31.03.2020

Bülent Verep Huri Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.708014

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, tarımsal uygulamalarda kullanılmakta olan bazı herbisidlerin Lepistes (Poecilia reticulata) balıkları üzerindeki akut toksik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kullandığımız herbisidler özellikle fındık ve çay üretimi gibi zirai tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Denemelerde üç farklı herbisid (Glifosat, 2,4- Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit ve Asetoklor) kullanılmıştır. Biyodeneylerde biri kontrol olmak üzere beş ayrı akvaryum kullanılarak her birine belirli konsantrasyonlarda herbisit eklenmiştir. Belirli zaman aralıklarında glifosat, 2,4-D ve asetoklor’un lepistes (Poecilia reticulata) balıkları üzerinde akut toksik etkileri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada statik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Lepistes balığının glifosat, 2,4-D ve asetoklor’a karşı 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat aralıklarında letal konsantrasyon (LC50) değerleri sırasıyla 7,051; 1,201 ve 0,557 mg/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre lepistes balığı açısından çalışılan herbisidlerin akut toksik sıralaması asetoklor >2,4-D >glifosat olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

Pestisid Lepistes Glifosat 2 4-D

Supporting Institution

RTEÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Birimi

Project Number

2015.53002.103.01.04

Thanks

Bu makale bir Yüksek Lisans Tezinden üretilmiş olup Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından 2015.53002.103.01.04 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

References

  • AFS-FHS, 2003. American Fisheries Society-Fish HealthSection, Suggested Procedures For The Detection and Identification of Certain Finfish and Shellfish Pathogens, 5th Edition. Fish Health Section, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Ağar, S., Aydınoğlu H., Temel, O., İkizünal, K. ve Ece, H., 1991. Pestisit Kullanımının Tarihçesi, Bugünü ve Geleceği, Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 15 (4), 247- 256, ISSN 1010-6960.
  • Anonim, 2012. Pestisitler Kontrollü ve Bilinçli Kullanılmalı, Dünya Gıda Dergisi Nisan 2012, İstanbul.
  • APHA, 1995. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., American Public Health Association Washington, D.C.
  • Arellano, A., Santoyo, S., Martin, C., Ygartua, P., 1999. Influence of Propylene Glycol and Isopropyl Myristate on The In-Vitro Percutaneous Penetration of Declofinace Sodium from Capobol Gels. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7(2):129-135.
  • Atamanalp, M. ve Yanık, T., 2002. Pestisitlerin Cyprinidaelere Toksik Etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18(3-4), 555-563.
  • Barlow, B.K., Lee, D.W., Cory-Slechta, D.A., Opanashuk, L.A., 2005. Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Systems by the Environmental Pesticide Maneb in DopaminErgic Cells. Neurotoxicology 26 (1), 63-75.
  • Benbrook C.M. , 2016. Trends in Glifosat Herbicide Use in the United States and Globally. Environmental Sciences Europe; 28(3), 1-15.
  • Boran, M., Altinok, I., Capkin, E., Karacam, H. and Bicer, V., 2007. Acute Toxicity of Carbaryl, Methiocarb, and Carbosulfan to the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31 (1), 39-45.
  • Delen, N., 1990. Pestisitler. E.Ü. Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları: Y-3, Bornova. s.1-4.
  • Delen, N., Kınay, P., Yıldız, F., Yıldız, M., Altınok, H. ve Uçkun, Z., 2010. Türkiye Tarımında Kimyasal Savaşımın Durumu ve Entegre Savaşım Olanakları, Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği 7. Teknik Kongre, Ankara.
  • Deveci, E., 2006. Histopathological effects of organometallic maneb on testis in rats: a light and electron microscopic study, Toxicology and Industrial Health, 22 395-398.
  • EPA 1656A, 2009. Method 1656, Revision A: Organo-Halide Pesticides In Wastewater, Soil, Sludge, Sediment, And Tissue By Gc/Hsd, EPA-821-R-00-017, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • EPA, 2002. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Fifth Edition, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington D.C.
  • Gerber, G.B., Leonard, A. and Hantson, P., 2002. Ph.: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Manganese Compounds. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 42, 25-34.
  • Güler, Ç. ve Çobanoğlu, Z., 1997. “Pestisitler”, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Dizisi No:52, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara. Güven, K., Deveci, E., Akba, O., Onen A. and Pomerai, D., 1998. The Accumulation and Histological Effects of Organometallic Fungicides Propineb and Maneb in the Kidneys of Fetus and Female Rats During Pregnancy, Toxicology Letters, 99, 91-98.
  • Jyothi, B. and Narayan, G., 1999. Toxic Effects of Carbaryl on Gonads of Freshwater Fish, Clarias Batrachus (Linnaeus). Journal of Environmental Biology, 20, 73-76.
  • Key, P.B., Chung, KW., Hoguet, J., Shaddrix, B. and Fulton, MH., 2008. Toxicity and Physiological Effects of Brominated Flame Retardant PBDE-47 on Two Life Stages of Grass Shrimp, Palaemonotes Pugio. Science of the Total Environment 399, 28-32.
  • Kovriznych, J.A. and Urbancikova, M., 1998. Acute toxicity of Acetochlor for zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Ekologia Bratislava. 17, 449-456.
  • Morato, G.S., Lemos, T. ve Takahashi, R.N., 1989. Maneb'e Akut Maruziyet, Faredeki Bazı Davranışsal Fonksiyonları Değişim. Nörotoksikol Terat, 11, 421-5.
  • OECD, 1992. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems Test No. 210: Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
  • Özbay, G., Barlas, N. and Kolankaya, D., 1991. Histopathological Effects of the Residual Maneb and Zineb in the Lettuces on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Mice. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences, 4(4), 336-339.
  • Pérez, G.L., Vera, M.S. and Miranda, L., 2011. Effects of herbicide Glifosat and Glifosat-based formulations on aquatic ecosystems. In: Herbicides and environment. InTech (PDF) Glifosat toxicity for animals. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321822115_Glifosat_toxicity_for_animals.
  • Rao, T.K., Lijinsky, W. and Epler, J.L., 1984. Genotoxicology of N-nitroso Compounds, Plenum Press, New York.
  • Ripley, B.D. ve Cox, D.F., 1978. Residues of Ethylenebis (Dithiocarbamate) and Ethylenethiourea in Treated Tomatoes and Commercial Tomato Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 26, 1137-1143.
  • Seifter, J. and Ehrich, W.E., 1948. Goitrogenic Compounds: Pharmacological and Pathological Effects. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 92, 303-314.
  • Sevim, R., 2011. Toksikoloji: Pestisitler, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yayınları, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Ankara, 17s.
  • Sinha, N., Lal, B. and Singh, T.B., 1991. Carbaryl İnduced Thyroid Dysfunction in the Freshwater Catfish Clarias Batrachus, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 21, 240-247.
  • Todd, N.E. and Van Leeuwen, M., 2002. Effects of Sevin (Carbaryl İnsecticide) on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 53, 267–272. doi:10.1006/eesa.2002.2231.
  • Van Leeuwen, C.J, Maas-D. Iepeveen, J.L., Niebeek G., Vergouw, W.H.A., Griffioen, P.Sa ve Luy ke, M.W., 1985. Differences in susceptibility of early life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to environmental pollutants. Aquatic Toxicology, 7, 59-78.
  • Westernhagen, V.H., 1988. Sublethal Effects of Pollutants on Fish Eggs and Larvae. Fish Physiology, Academic Press, New York, XIA 253-346.
  • Yalçınkaya, M., 2006. Bir Herbisit olan 2,4-d (diklorofenoksiasetik asit)’nin Poecilia reticulata p., 1859’da Medulla spinalis Üzerine Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 97s.

A Research on Acute Toxic Effects of Some Herbicides on Guppies

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 106 - 114, 31.03.2020

Bülent Verep Huri Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.708014

Abstract

Acute toxic effects of some herbicides used in agricultural applications on guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) were investigated. The herbicides we use in the study are widely used in industrial agriculture, especially hazelnut and tea farming. Three different herbicides (Glyphosate, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Acetochlor) were used in the experiments. In bioassays, five different aquariums, one of which is a control, were added to each of them with certain concentrations of herbicides. Static method was used in the study conducted to determine the acute toxic effects of Glyphosate, 2,4-D and acetochlor on guppies (Poecilia reticulata) at certain time intervals. Lethal concentration (LC50) values of guppy fish against Glyphosate, 2,4-D and acetochlor at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were calculated as 7.051; 1.201 and 0.557 mg/L respectively. According to these results, it can be said that the acute toxic order of herbicides studied in terms of guppy fish is acetochlor> 2,4-D> Glyphosate.

Keywords

Pesticide Guppy Glyphosate 2 4-D

Project Number

2015.53002.103.01.04

References

  • AFS-FHS, 2003. American Fisheries Society-Fish HealthSection, Suggested Procedures For The Detection and Identification of Certain Finfish and Shellfish Pathogens, 5th Edition. Fish Health Section, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  • Ağar, S., Aydınoğlu H., Temel, O., İkizünal, K. ve Ece, H., 1991. Pestisit Kullanımının Tarihçesi, Bugünü ve Geleceği, Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 15 (4), 247- 256, ISSN 1010-6960.
  • Anonim, 2012. Pestisitler Kontrollü ve Bilinçli Kullanılmalı, Dünya Gıda Dergisi Nisan 2012, İstanbul.
  • APHA, 1995. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., American Public Health Association Washington, D.C.
  • Arellano, A., Santoyo, S., Martin, C., Ygartua, P., 1999. Influence of Propylene Glycol and Isopropyl Myristate on The In-Vitro Percutaneous Penetration of Declofinace Sodium from Capobol Gels. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7(2):129-135.
  • Atamanalp, M. ve Yanık, T., 2002. Pestisitlerin Cyprinidaelere Toksik Etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18(3-4), 555-563.
  • Barlow, B.K., Lee, D.W., Cory-Slechta, D.A., Opanashuk, L.A., 2005. Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Systems by the Environmental Pesticide Maneb in DopaminErgic Cells. Neurotoxicology 26 (1), 63-75.
  • Benbrook C.M. , 2016. Trends in Glifosat Herbicide Use in the United States and Globally. Environmental Sciences Europe; 28(3), 1-15.
  • Boran, M., Altinok, I., Capkin, E., Karacam, H. and Bicer, V., 2007. Acute Toxicity of Carbaryl, Methiocarb, and Carbosulfan to the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31 (1), 39-45.
  • Delen, N., 1990. Pestisitler. E.Ü. Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları: Y-3, Bornova. s.1-4.
  • Delen, N., Kınay, P., Yıldız, F., Yıldız, M., Altınok, H. ve Uçkun, Z., 2010. Türkiye Tarımında Kimyasal Savaşımın Durumu ve Entegre Savaşım Olanakları, Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği 7. Teknik Kongre, Ankara.
  • Deveci, E., 2006. Histopathological effects of organometallic maneb on testis in rats: a light and electron microscopic study, Toxicology and Industrial Health, 22 395-398.
  • EPA 1656A, 2009. Method 1656, Revision A: Organo-Halide Pesticides In Wastewater, Soil, Sludge, Sediment, And Tissue By Gc/Hsd, EPA-821-R-00-017, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • EPA, 2002. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Fifth Edition, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington D.C.
  • Gerber, G.B., Leonard, A. and Hantson, P., 2002. Ph.: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Manganese Compounds. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 42, 25-34.
  • Güler, Ç. ve Çobanoğlu, Z., 1997. “Pestisitler”, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Dizisi No:52, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara. Güven, K., Deveci, E., Akba, O., Onen A. and Pomerai, D., 1998. The Accumulation and Histological Effects of Organometallic Fungicides Propineb and Maneb in the Kidneys of Fetus and Female Rats During Pregnancy, Toxicology Letters, 99, 91-98.
  • Jyothi, B. and Narayan, G., 1999. Toxic Effects of Carbaryl on Gonads of Freshwater Fish, Clarias Batrachus (Linnaeus). Journal of Environmental Biology, 20, 73-76.
  • Key, P.B., Chung, KW., Hoguet, J., Shaddrix, B. and Fulton, MH., 2008. Toxicity and Physiological Effects of Brominated Flame Retardant PBDE-47 on Two Life Stages of Grass Shrimp, Palaemonotes Pugio. Science of the Total Environment 399, 28-32.
  • Kovriznych, J.A. and Urbancikova, M., 1998. Acute toxicity of Acetochlor for zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Ekologia Bratislava. 17, 449-456.
  • Morato, G.S., Lemos, T. ve Takahashi, R.N., 1989. Maneb'e Akut Maruziyet, Faredeki Bazı Davranışsal Fonksiyonları Değişim. Nörotoksikol Terat, 11, 421-5.
  • OECD, 1992. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems Test No. 210: Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
  • Özbay, G., Barlas, N. and Kolankaya, D., 1991. Histopathological Effects of the Residual Maneb and Zineb in the Lettuces on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Mice. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences, 4(4), 336-339.
  • Pérez, G.L., Vera, M.S. and Miranda, L., 2011. Effects of herbicide Glifosat and Glifosat-based formulations on aquatic ecosystems. In: Herbicides and environment. InTech (PDF) Glifosat toxicity for animals. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321822115_Glifosat_toxicity_for_animals.
  • Rao, T.K., Lijinsky, W. and Epler, J.L., 1984. Genotoxicology of N-nitroso Compounds, Plenum Press, New York.
  • Ripley, B.D. ve Cox, D.F., 1978. Residues of Ethylenebis (Dithiocarbamate) and Ethylenethiourea in Treated Tomatoes and Commercial Tomato Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 26, 1137-1143.
  • Seifter, J. and Ehrich, W.E., 1948. Goitrogenic Compounds: Pharmacological and Pathological Effects. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 92, 303-314.
  • Sevim, R., 2011. Toksikoloji: Pestisitler, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yayınları, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Ankara, 17s.
  • Sinha, N., Lal, B. and Singh, T.B., 1991. Carbaryl İnduced Thyroid Dysfunction in the Freshwater Catfish Clarias Batrachus, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 21, 240-247.
  • Todd, N.E. and Van Leeuwen, M., 2002. Effects of Sevin (Carbaryl İnsecticide) on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 53, 267–272. doi:10.1006/eesa.2002.2231.
  • Van Leeuwen, C.J, Maas-D. Iepeveen, J.L., Niebeek G., Vergouw, W.H.A., Griffioen, P.Sa ve Luy ke, M.W., 1985. Differences in susceptibility of early life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to environmental pollutants. Aquatic Toxicology, 7, 59-78.
  • Westernhagen, V.H., 1988. Sublethal Effects of Pollutants on Fish Eggs and Larvae. Fish Physiology, Academic Press, New York, XIA 253-346.
  • Yalçınkaya, M., 2006. Bir Herbisit olan 2,4-d (diklorofenoksiasetik asit)’nin Poecilia reticulata p., 1859’da Medulla spinalis Üzerine Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 97s.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bülent Verep 0000-0003-4238-8325

Huri Yıldırım This is me 0000-0002-3973-1682

Project Number 2015.53002.103.01.04
Publication Date March 31, 2020
Submission Date March 23, 2020
Acceptance Date March 27, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Verep, B., & Yıldırım, H. (2020). Lepistes Balıklarında Bazı Herbisidlerin Akut Toksik Etkisinin Araştırılması. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(1), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.708014
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