Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 785 - 791, 29.12.2023

Faruk Ozkutlu

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8

Abstract

References

  • Alloway, B.J. (1995). Heavy metals in soils. Blackie, London. pp. 122-152
  • Aydemir, Ö.E., Akgün, M., Erdem, H., Korkmaz, K. & Özkutlu, F. (2023). The Effect of Different Lime Forms on Cadmium Uptake of Durum Wheat Varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(8), 1365-1371. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1365-1371.6192
  • Black, A., McLaren, R.G., Speir, T.W., Clucas, L. & Condron, L.M. (2014). Gradient differences in soil metal solubility and uptake by shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 685–694. https://doi:10.1007/s00374-013-0886-3
  • Bouyoucous, G.J. (1952). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agron. J. 54 (5): 464-465.
  • Dahlin, A.S., Eriksson, J., Campbell, C.D. & Öborn, I., 2016. Soil amendment affects Cd uptake by wheat—are we underestimating the risks from chloride inputs? Sci. Total Environ. 554, 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.049
  • Du, B., Zhou, J., Lu, B., Zhang, C., Li, D., Zhou, J., Jiao, S., Zhao, K. & Zhang, H. (2020). Environmental and human health risks from cadmium exposure near an active lead-zinc mine and a copper smelter, China. Science of the Total Environment, 720(13),75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137585
  • Erdem, H., Tosun, Y.K. & Ozturk, M. (2012). Effect of cadmium-zinc interactions on growth and Cd-Zn concentration in durum and bread wheats. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21, 1046–1051.
  • Essa, T.A. (2002). Effect of salinity stress on growth and nutrient composition of three soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(2), 86-92. https://doi:10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00537.x
  • FAO (2012). Classifications and standards. Retrieved in September, 01, 2023 from http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-standards/en/
  • FAO/WHO., 1993. Report of the 8th session of the Codex Committee on creals, pulses and legumes held in Washington D.C., 26-30 October 1992. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, 20th Session, Geneva 28 June-7 July 1993. pp 3.
  • Fernández-García, N., Martínez, V. & Carvajal, M. (2004). Effect of salinity on growth, mineral composition, and water relations of grafted tomato plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 167(5), 616-622. https://doi:10.1002/jpln.200420416
  • Gallego, S.M., Pena, L.B., Barcia, R.A., Azpilicueta, C.E., Iannone, M.F., Rosales, E.P, Zawoznik, M.S., Groppa, M.D. & Benavides, M.P. (2012). Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: insight into regulatory mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 83, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006 Gallego, S.M., Pena, L.B., Barcia, R.A., Azpilicueta, C.E., Iannone, M.F., Rosales, E.P., Zawoznik, M.S., Groppa, M.D. & Benavides, M.P. (2012). Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: insight into regulatory mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 83, 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006
  • Gao, X., Mohr, R.M., McLaren, D.L. & Grant, C.A. (2011). Grain cadmium and zinc concentrations in wheat as affected by genotypic variation and potassium chloride fertilization. Field Crops Research, 122, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.005
  • Ghallab, A. & Usman, A. (2007). Effect of sodium chloride-induced salinity on phytoavailability and speciation of Cd in soil solution. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 185, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9424-y
  • Hart, J.J., Welch, R.M., Norvell, W.A., Clarke, J.M. & Kochian, L.V. (2005). Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration. New Phytol. 167, 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01416.x
  • Hart, J.J., Welch, R.M., Norvell, W.A., Sullivan, L.A. & Kochian, L.V.(1998). Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Physiology, 116 (4), 1413-20. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.4.1413
  • Hussain, A., Rizwan, M., Ali, Q. & Ali, S. (2019). Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 7579-7588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04210-5
  • Jackson, M.L. (1959). Soil chemical analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  • Jafarnejadi, A.R., Homaee, M., Sayyad, G. & Bybordi, M. (2011). Large scale spatial variability of accumulated cadmium in the wheat farm grains. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 20, 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.528472
  • Jarup, L., Berglund, M., Elinder, C.G., Nordberg, G. & Vather, M. (1998). Health effects of cadmium exposure- a review of the literature and risk estimate. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environmental Health. 24: 1-52.
  • Kabata Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. (1992). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 2nd edition, CRC Press, Baton Rouge, Fa.
  • Khan, Z.S., Rizwan, M., Hafeez, M., Ali, S., Javed, M.R. & Adrees, M. (2019). The accumulation of cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by zinc oxide nanoparticles and soil moisture conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 19859-19870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05333-5
  • Li, D.D. & Zhou, D.M. (2012). Acclimation of wheat to low-level cadmium or zinc generates its resistance to cadmium toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79,264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.012
  • Lindsay, W.L. & Norvell, W.A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America, 42, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
  • Liu, Q., Tjoa, A. & Römheld, V. (2007). Effects of chloride and co-contaminated zinc on cadmium accumulation within Thlaspi caerulescens and durum wheat. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79 (1), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9201-z
  • López-Chuken, U.J., Young, S.D. & Guzmán-Mar, J.L. (2010). Evaluating a ‘biotic ligand model’ applied to chloride-enhanced Cd uptake by Brassica juncea from nutrient solution at constant Cd2+ activity. Environmental Technology, 31, 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330903470685 Naeem, A., Saifullah, Rehman, M.Z.U., Akhtar, T., Ok, Y.S. & Rengel, Z. (2016). Genetic variation in cadmium accumulation and tolerance among wheat cultivars at the seedling stage. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1141918
  • Norvell, W.A., WU, J., Hopkins, D.G. & Welch R. M. (2000). Association of cadmium in durum wheat grain with soil chloride and chelate-extractable soil cadmium. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64 (6), 2162-2168, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6462162x
  • Ondrasek, G. (2013). The responses of salt-affected plants to cadmium. Salt Stress in Plants: Signalling, Omics and Adaptations, 439-463.
  • Özkutlu, F., Ozturk, L., Erdem, H., McLaughlin, M. & Cakmak, I. (2007). Leaf-applied sodium chloride promotes cadmium accumulation in durum wheat grain. Plant Soil. 290, 323–331, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9164-6
  • Özkutlu, F. & Kara, Ş.M. (2018). The effect of zinc (Zn) fertilization on alleviating cd accumulation in durum wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 8, 203-208, https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.001
  • Özkutlu, F. (2020). Farklı tuz uygulamalarının makarnalık (Triticum duum L.) buğdayda kadmiyum ve çinko alımı üzerine etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.716795
  • Özkutlu, F., & Erdem, H. (2018). The effect of zinc application doses to bread and durum wheat on cadmium uptake. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(12), 1713-1717.
  • Özkutlu, F., Ozturk, L., Erdem, H., McLaughlin, M. & Cakmak, I. (2007). Leaf-applied sodium chloride promotes cadmium accumulation in durum wheat grain. Plant and soil, 290, 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9164-6
  • Pastuszak J., Kopeć P., Płażek A., Gondek K., Szczerba A., Hornyák M., Dubert F. (2020): Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree. Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 66, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2020-PSE
  • Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Hussain, A., Ali, Q., Shakoor, M.B., Rehman, M.Z., Farid, M. & Asma, M. (2017). Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment. Chemosphere, 187, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.071
  • Santos, C.V., Falcao, I.P., Pinto, G.C., Oliveira, H. & Loureiro, J. (2002). Nutrient responses and glutamate and proline metabolism in sunflower plants and calli under Na2SO4 stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165(3), 366-372. doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200206)
  • Schlıchtıng, E. & Blume, H. P. (1966). Bodenkundliches Practicum. Verlag Paul Porey, pp. 98-99. seedling stage. Field Crops Research, 77(2-3), 93-98. https://doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00061-8
  • Singh, A. & Shivay, Y.S. (2013). Residual effect of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilization on quality and Zn concentration of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under a Basmati rice–durum wheat cropping system. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 29, 271–287, https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2013.832381
  • Smolders, E., Lambregts, R.M., Mclaughlin, M.J. & Tiller, K.G. (1998). Effect of soil solution chloride on cadmium availability to swiss chard. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 1443-1447. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020025x
  • Sun, Q., Wang, X.R., Ding, S.M. & Yuan, X.F. (2005). Effects of interactions between cadmium and zinc on phytochelatin and glutathione production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environmental Toxicology, 20, 195–201, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20095
  • Szolnoki, Z.S., Farsang, A. & Puskás, I. (2013). Cumulative impacts of human activities on urban garden soils: origin and accumulation of metals. Environmental Pollution, 177, 106–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.007
  • U. S. Salinity Laboratory Staff. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils (ed. L. A. Richards). USDA Agriculture Handbook B, No:60. U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, 160 P.
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  • Zhao, A.Q., Tian, X.H., Lu, W.H., Gale, W.J., Lu, X.C. & Cao, Y.X. (2011). Effect of zinc on cadmium toxicity in winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34, 1372–1385. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.580879

The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 785 - 791, 29.12.2023

Faruk Ozkutlu

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8

Abstract

A study was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of the combination of cadmium (Cd) and salinity (NaCl) stress in zinc (Zn) deficiency on growth, Cd accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000), and micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) minerals differing in salt tolerance. The negative effects of Cd and NaCl stress on plant growth and Cd accumulation detected to alleviate Cd uptake on wheat growth increasing zinc application. The results revealed that Cd, NaCl and their combined stresses reduced shoots dry matter and Cd concentration in shoots increased compared to control pots. In increasing Cd and NaCl treatments, increasing Zn application significantly decreased the Cd concentration in shoot. In particularly, the decrease in Cd concentration was more noticeable with the improvement of Zn nutrition of plants at low doses of NaCl and Cd. The effect of increasing zinc treatments on reducing Cd accumulation decreased to slightly at high doses of Cd and NaCl. According to the results it can be suggested that Zn application to soils with low Cd content and medium salinity can be reduce Cd uptake by durum wheat.

Keywords

NaCl stressed Cd reduced micro nutrient Cd accumulation

References

  • Alloway, B.J. (1995). Heavy metals in soils. Blackie, London. pp. 122-152
  • Aydemir, Ö.E., Akgün, M., Erdem, H., Korkmaz, K. & Özkutlu, F. (2023). The Effect of Different Lime Forms on Cadmium Uptake of Durum Wheat Varieties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(8), 1365-1371. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1365-1371.6192
  • Black, A., McLaren, R.G., Speir, T.W., Clucas, L. & Condron, L.M. (2014). Gradient differences in soil metal solubility and uptake by shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 685–694. https://doi:10.1007/s00374-013-0886-3
  • Bouyoucous, G.J. (1952). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agron. J. 54 (5): 464-465.
  • Dahlin, A.S., Eriksson, J., Campbell, C.D. & Öborn, I., 2016. Soil amendment affects Cd uptake by wheat—are we underestimating the risks from chloride inputs? Sci. Total Environ. 554, 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.049
  • Du, B., Zhou, J., Lu, B., Zhang, C., Li, D., Zhou, J., Jiao, S., Zhao, K. & Zhang, H. (2020). Environmental and human health risks from cadmium exposure near an active lead-zinc mine and a copper smelter, China. Science of the Total Environment, 720(13),75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137585
  • Erdem, H., Tosun, Y.K. & Ozturk, M. (2012). Effect of cadmium-zinc interactions on growth and Cd-Zn concentration in durum and bread wheats. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21, 1046–1051.
  • Essa, T.A. (2002). Effect of salinity stress on growth and nutrient composition of three soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(2), 86-92. https://doi:10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00537.x
  • FAO (2012). Classifications and standards. Retrieved in September, 01, 2023 from http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-standards/en/
  • FAO/WHO., 1993. Report of the 8th session of the Codex Committee on creals, pulses and legumes held in Washington D.C., 26-30 October 1992. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, 20th Session, Geneva 28 June-7 July 1993. pp 3.
  • Fernández-García, N., Martínez, V. & Carvajal, M. (2004). Effect of salinity on growth, mineral composition, and water relations of grafted tomato plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 167(5), 616-622. https://doi:10.1002/jpln.200420416
  • Gallego, S.M., Pena, L.B., Barcia, R.A., Azpilicueta, C.E., Iannone, M.F., Rosales, E.P, Zawoznik, M.S., Groppa, M.D. & Benavides, M.P. (2012). Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: insight into regulatory mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 83, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006 Gallego, S.M., Pena, L.B., Barcia, R.A., Azpilicueta, C.E., Iannone, M.F., Rosales, E.P., Zawoznik, M.S., Groppa, M.D. & Benavides, M.P. (2012). Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: insight into regulatory mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 83, 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006
  • Gao, X., Mohr, R.M., McLaren, D.L. & Grant, C.A. (2011). Grain cadmium and zinc concentrations in wheat as affected by genotypic variation and potassium chloride fertilization. Field Crops Research, 122, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.005
  • Ghallab, A. & Usman, A. (2007). Effect of sodium chloride-induced salinity on phytoavailability and speciation of Cd in soil solution. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 185, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9424-y
  • Hart, J.J., Welch, R.M., Norvell, W.A., Clarke, J.M. & Kochian, L.V. (2005). Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration. New Phytol. 167, 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01416.x
  • Hart, J.J., Welch, R.M., Norvell, W.A., Sullivan, L.A. & Kochian, L.V.(1998). Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Physiology, 116 (4), 1413-20. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.4.1413
  • Hussain, A., Rizwan, M., Ali, Q. & Ali, S. (2019). Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 7579-7588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04210-5
  • Jackson, M.L. (1959). Soil chemical analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  • Jafarnejadi, A.R., Homaee, M., Sayyad, G. & Bybordi, M. (2011). Large scale spatial variability of accumulated cadmium in the wheat farm grains. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 20, 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.528472
  • Jarup, L., Berglund, M., Elinder, C.G., Nordberg, G. & Vather, M. (1998). Health effects of cadmium exposure- a review of the literature and risk estimate. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environmental Health. 24: 1-52.
  • Kabata Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. (1992). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 2nd edition, CRC Press, Baton Rouge, Fa.
  • Khan, Z.S., Rizwan, M., Hafeez, M., Ali, S., Javed, M.R. & Adrees, M. (2019). The accumulation of cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by zinc oxide nanoparticles and soil moisture conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 19859-19870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05333-5
  • Li, D.D. & Zhou, D.M. (2012). Acclimation of wheat to low-level cadmium or zinc generates its resistance to cadmium toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79,264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.012
  • Lindsay, W.L. & Norvell, W.A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America, 42, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
  • Liu, Q., Tjoa, A. & Römheld, V. (2007). Effects of chloride and co-contaminated zinc on cadmium accumulation within Thlaspi caerulescens and durum wheat. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79 (1), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9201-z
  • López-Chuken, U.J., Young, S.D. & Guzmán-Mar, J.L. (2010). Evaluating a ‘biotic ligand model’ applied to chloride-enhanced Cd uptake by Brassica juncea from nutrient solution at constant Cd2+ activity. Environmental Technology, 31, 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330903470685 Naeem, A., Saifullah, Rehman, M.Z.U., Akhtar, T., Ok, Y.S. & Rengel, Z. (2016). Genetic variation in cadmium accumulation and tolerance among wheat cultivars at the seedling stage. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1141918
  • Norvell, W.A., WU, J., Hopkins, D.G. & Welch R. M. (2000). Association of cadmium in durum wheat grain with soil chloride and chelate-extractable soil cadmium. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64 (6), 2162-2168, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6462162x
  • Ondrasek, G. (2013). The responses of salt-affected plants to cadmium. Salt Stress in Plants: Signalling, Omics and Adaptations, 439-463.
  • Özkutlu, F., Ozturk, L., Erdem, H., McLaughlin, M. & Cakmak, I. (2007). Leaf-applied sodium chloride promotes cadmium accumulation in durum wheat grain. Plant Soil. 290, 323–331, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9164-6
  • Özkutlu, F. & Kara, Ş.M. (2018). The effect of zinc (Zn) fertilization on alleviating cd accumulation in durum wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 8, 203-208, https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.001
  • Özkutlu, F. (2020). Farklı tuz uygulamalarının makarnalık (Triticum duum L.) buğdayda kadmiyum ve çinko alımı üzerine etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.716795
  • Özkutlu, F., & Erdem, H. (2018). The effect of zinc application doses to bread and durum wheat on cadmium uptake. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(12), 1713-1717.
  • Özkutlu, F., Ozturk, L., Erdem, H., McLaughlin, M. & Cakmak, I. (2007). Leaf-applied sodium chloride promotes cadmium accumulation in durum wheat grain. Plant and soil, 290, 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9164-6
  • Pastuszak J., Kopeć P., Płażek A., Gondek K., Szczerba A., Hornyák M., Dubert F. (2020): Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree. Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 66, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2020-PSE
  • Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Hussain, A., Ali, Q., Shakoor, M.B., Rehman, M.Z., Farid, M. & Asma, M. (2017). Effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and health risk assessment. Chemosphere, 187, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.071
  • Santos, C.V., Falcao, I.P., Pinto, G.C., Oliveira, H. & Loureiro, J. (2002). Nutrient responses and glutamate and proline metabolism in sunflower plants and calli under Na2SO4 stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165(3), 366-372. doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200206)
  • Schlıchtıng, E. & Blume, H. P. (1966). Bodenkundliches Practicum. Verlag Paul Porey, pp. 98-99. seedling stage. Field Crops Research, 77(2-3), 93-98. https://doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00061-8
  • Singh, A. & Shivay, Y.S. (2013). Residual effect of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilization on quality and Zn concentration of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under a Basmati rice–durum wheat cropping system. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 29, 271–287, https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2013.832381
  • Smolders, E., Lambregts, R.M., Mclaughlin, M.J. & Tiller, K.G. (1998). Effect of soil solution chloride on cadmium availability to swiss chard. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 1443-1447. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020025x
  • Sun, Q., Wang, X.R., Ding, S.M. & Yuan, X.F. (2005). Effects of interactions between cadmium and zinc on phytochelatin and glutathione production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environmental Toxicology, 20, 195–201, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20095
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Faruk Ozkutlu 0000-0002-8651-3346

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date September 25, 2023
Acceptance Date December 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ozkutlu, F. (2023). The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 7(4), 785-791. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8
AMA Ozkutlu F. The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. December 2023;7(4):785-791. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8
Chicago Ozkutlu, Faruk. “The Effect of Zinc Application on Growth and Alleviating Shoot Concentration of Cadmium in Durum Wheat Plant Growth under Conditions of Salt and Cadmium Stress”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7, no. 4 (December 2023): 785-91. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8.
EndNote Ozkutlu F (December 1, 2023) The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7 4 785–791.
IEEE F. Ozkutlu, “The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 785–791, 2023, doi: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8.
ISNAD Ozkutlu, Faruk. “The Effect of Zinc Application on Growth and Alleviating Shoot Concentration of Cadmium in Durum Wheat Plant Growth under Conditions of Salt and Cadmium Stress”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7/4 (December 2023), 785-791. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8.
JAMA Ozkutlu F. The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7:785–791.
MLA Ozkutlu, Faruk. “The Effect of Zinc Application on Growth and Alleviating Shoot Concentration of Cadmium in Durum Wheat Plant Growth under Conditions of Salt and Cadmium Stress”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, 2023, pp. 785-91, doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8.
Vancouver Ozkutlu F. The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7(4):785-91.
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