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Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae)

Year 2023, Volume: 53 Issue: 3, 341 - 349, 28.12.2023

Deniz Ulukuş Osman Tugay

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289

Abstract

Background and Aims: The genus Cousinia has about 700 taxa all over the world. It is a hard and controversial group to classify in terms of taxonomy. This study aims to determine the achene micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of two selected Cousinia species, as well as their taxonomic significance.

Methods: In anatomical studies, the sections were set in paraffin, cut with a microtome, and stained with safranin-fast green. For both C. eriocephala Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. calocephala Jaub. & Spach species selected, an independent sample T-test analysis was performed using quantitative data to determine the importance of anatomical characters. In addition, PCA analysis and heatmap analyses were performed. SEM images were taken to determine the micromorphological features of the achenes.

Results: In the transver section of stems in C. eriocephala, from the epidermis to the center, there are 9–12 rows of cortexs layers composed of parenchymatic cells. In the transver section of stem in C. calocephala from the epidermis to the center, there are 5–8 rows of cortical layers composed of parenchymatic cells. In the cross-sections of the leaf in C. eriocephala, it was determined that the midrib shape was semi-orbicular, and a total of 9 vascular bundles, 3 large and 6 small, were counted. In the cross-sections of the leaf in C. calocephala, it was determined that the midrib shape was semi-orbicular, and a total of 6 vascular bundles, 3 large and 3 small, were counted. The achene surface ornamentation of C. eriocephala is striate-scrobiculate, while C. calocephala is striate and scrobiculate-faveolate.

Conclusion: According to the findings, it was determined that anatomical characters are important in the differentiation of species, as supported by both PCA and heatmap analysis.

Keywords

Asteraceae Cousinia eriocephala C. calocephala Plant anatomy Principal component analysis Turkey

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

111T364

Thanks

We acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK-TBAG Project No. 111T364) for financial assistance. We appreciate the curators of the herbaria AEF, ANK, E, G, GAZI, HUB, ISTE, ISTF, K, and LE who allowed us to look at their Cousinia specimens.

References

  • Atasagun, B., Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia aucheri DC. (İnce Kızan) Üzerine Anatomik, Palinolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Araştırmalar. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 181-191. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2000). Two new species and a new record of the genus Cousinia Cass. Sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 8 (2), 259-269. google scholar
  • Attar, F., Ghahreman, A., Mahdigholi, K.,& Sheidai, M. (2004). Anatomy-Taxonomy studies of the species of section Serrat-uloideae (Cousinia, Compositae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 10, 119-141. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2006). A synopsis of sect. Cynaroides (Cousinia, Compositae), distribution patterns and diversity cen-ters. -Rostaniha, 7 (Supplement 2), 315-342. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Djavadi, S.B. (2010). A taxonomic revision of Cousinia, sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the flora of Iran. Ira-nian Journal of Botany, 16 (1), 130-184. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Rad, M. A. (2019). Cousinia sharifii, a new species of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from NW Iran. Phyto-taxa, 395(4), 287-295. google scholar
  • Atazadeh, N., Sheidai, M., Attar, F., Ghahremaninejad, F., & Koohdar, F. (2020). A palynological study of genus Cousinia Cass. (Fam-ily Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f., Grana, 59, 428-443. google scholar
  • Boissier, E. (1875). Centaurea; Flora orientalis 3. H. Georg, Geneva & Basilea (Basel), 668-674. google scholar
  • Bunge, A. (1865). Übersichtliche Zusammenstellung der Arten der Gattung Cousinia Cass. Memoires de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de. Saint-Petersbourg Ser. 7, 9(2), 1-56. google scholar
  • Cassini, H. (1827). Saussuree, Saussurea. In: Cuvier, F. (Ed.) Dictio-nnaire des sciences naturelles, vol. 47. F.G.Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 498-513. google scholar
  • Djamali, M., Baumel, A., Brewer, S., Jackson, S.T., Kadereit, J.W., Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan, I., Simakova, A. (2012). Eco-logical implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial-interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 172, 10-20. google scholar
  • Huber-Morath, A. (1975). Cousinia Cass. In Davis P.H.(ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 5, pp. 329-353). UK: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Johansen, D.A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. New York, McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Lopez-Vinyallonga, S., Mehregan, I., Garcia-Jacas, N., Tscherneva, O., Susanna, A., Kadereit, J.W. (2009). Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae). Taxon, 58, 153-171. google scholar
  • Mehregan, I., & Kadereit, J. W. (2008). Taxonomic revision of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Wildenowia, 38, 293-362. google scholar
  • R Core Team. (2021). R 4.1.2.R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. google scholar
  • Rechinger, K.H. (1972). Compositae-Cynareae I: Cousinia. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 90, pp. 1-329) Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt. google scholar
  • Rechinger, K.H. (1986). Cousinia-Morphology, Taxonomy, Distri-bution and Phytogeographical Implications. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences, 89, 45-58. google scholar
  • Stearn, W.T. (1983). Botanical Latin. London David & Charles. google scholar
  • Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R., Garnatje, T., Valles, J., Ghaffari, S.M. (2003). New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia and the related genus Schmalhausenia (Asteraceae, Car-dueae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 411-418. google scholar
  • Tscherneva, O. (1962). Cousinia Cass. In: Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora ofthe USSR (Vol. 27, pp. 108-357). Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk. google scholar
  • Tugay, O. (2012). Cousinia. In: Güner, A, Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. google scholar
  • Tugay, O., Ulukuş, D., Ertuğrul, K., Uysal, T., Demirelma, H., Dural, H. (2019). A new species of Cousinia (sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) from the Ağrı Mountain (eastern Turkey): evidence from morphol-ogy, karyology and anatomy. Phytotaxa, 427, 259-269. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019a). Endemik Cousinia halysensis Hub.-Mor. (Papatyagiller/Asteraceae) türünün anatomik, palinolojik ve mikromorfolojik yönden ıncelenmesi. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(1), 59-65. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019b). Micromorphological, palynologi-cal and anatomical properties of endemic Cousinia iconica (sect. Cousinia /Asteraceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(2), 58-63. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2020). Morphology, anatomy and paly-nology of two endemic Cousinia Cass. species (Sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) and their taxonomic implications. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(1), 297-304. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., Atasagun, B., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia decolorans Freyn & Sint.(Asteraceae) Türünün Anatomik, Pali-nolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 192-202. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D. (2019). Anatomical, palynological and achene micromor-phological characteristics of Cousinia boissieri Buhse (Sect. Leio-caules, Asteraceae) growing in Turkey. Biodicon, 12 (2), 119-125. google scholar
  • Winkler, C. (1892). Synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 12, 181286. google scholar
  • Winkler, C. (1897). Mantissa synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 14, 187-243. google scholar

Year 2023, Volume: 53 Issue: 3, 341 - 349, 28.12.2023

Deniz Ulukuş Osman Tugay

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289

Abstract

Project Number

111T364

References

  • Atasagun, B., Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia aucheri DC. (İnce Kızan) Üzerine Anatomik, Palinolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Araştırmalar. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 181-191. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2000). Two new species and a new record of the genus Cousinia Cass. Sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 8 (2), 259-269. google scholar
  • Attar, F., Ghahreman, A., Mahdigholi, K.,& Sheidai, M. (2004). Anatomy-Taxonomy studies of the species of section Serrat-uloideae (Cousinia, Compositae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 10, 119-141. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2006). A synopsis of sect. Cynaroides (Cousinia, Compositae), distribution patterns and diversity cen-ters. -Rostaniha, 7 (Supplement 2), 315-342. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Djavadi, S.B. (2010). A taxonomic revision of Cousinia, sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the flora of Iran. Ira-nian Journal of Botany, 16 (1), 130-184. google scholar
  • Attar, F., & Rad, M. A. (2019). Cousinia sharifii, a new species of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from NW Iran. Phyto-taxa, 395(4), 287-295. google scholar
  • Atazadeh, N., Sheidai, M., Attar, F., Ghahremaninejad, F., & Koohdar, F. (2020). A palynological study of genus Cousinia Cass. (Fam-ily Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f., Grana, 59, 428-443. google scholar
  • Boissier, E. (1875). Centaurea; Flora orientalis 3. H. Georg, Geneva & Basilea (Basel), 668-674. google scholar
  • Bunge, A. (1865). Übersichtliche Zusammenstellung der Arten der Gattung Cousinia Cass. Memoires de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de. Saint-Petersbourg Ser. 7, 9(2), 1-56. google scholar
  • Cassini, H. (1827). Saussuree, Saussurea. In: Cuvier, F. (Ed.) Dictio-nnaire des sciences naturelles, vol. 47. F.G.Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 498-513. google scholar
  • Djamali, M., Baumel, A., Brewer, S., Jackson, S.T., Kadereit, J.W., Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan, I., Simakova, A. (2012). Eco-logical implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial-interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 172, 10-20. google scholar
  • Huber-Morath, A. (1975). Cousinia Cass. In Davis P.H.(ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 5, pp. 329-353). UK: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Johansen, D.A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. New York, McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Lopez-Vinyallonga, S., Mehregan, I., Garcia-Jacas, N., Tscherneva, O., Susanna, A., Kadereit, J.W. (2009). Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae). Taxon, 58, 153-171. google scholar
  • Mehregan, I., & Kadereit, J. W. (2008). Taxonomic revision of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Wildenowia, 38, 293-362. google scholar
  • R Core Team. (2021). R 4.1.2.R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. google scholar
  • Rechinger, K.H. (1972). Compositae-Cynareae I: Cousinia. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 90, pp. 1-329) Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt. google scholar
  • Rechinger, K.H. (1986). Cousinia-Morphology, Taxonomy, Distri-bution and Phytogeographical Implications. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences, 89, 45-58. google scholar
  • Stearn, W.T. (1983). Botanical Latin. London David & Charles. google scholar
  • Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R., Garnatje, T., Valles, J., Ghaffari, S.M. (2003). New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia and the related genus Schmalhausenia (Asteraceae, Car-dueae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 411-418. google scholar
  • Tscherneva, O. (1962). Cousinia Cass. In: Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora ofthe USSR (Vol. 27, pp. 108-357). Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk. google scholar
  • Tugay, O. (2012). Cousinia. In: Güner, A, Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. google scholar
  • Tugay, O., Ulukuş, D., Ertuğrul, K., Uysal, T., Demirelma, H., Dural, H. (2019). A new species of Cousinia (sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) from the Ağrı Mountain (eastern Turkey): evidence from morphol-ogy, karyology and anatomy. Phytotaxa, 427, 259-269. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019a). Endemik Cousinia halysensis Hub.-Mor. (Papatyagiller/Asteraceae) türünün anatomik, palinolojik ve mikromorfolojik yönden ıncelenmesi. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(1), 59-65. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2019b). Micromorphological, palynologi-cal and anatomical properties of endemic Cousinia iconica (sect. Cousinia /Asteraceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 6(2), 58-63. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2020). Morphology, anatomy and paly-nology of two endemic Cousinia Cass. species (Sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) and their taxonomic implications. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(1), 297-304. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D., Atasagun, B., & Tugay, O. (2021). Endemik Cousinia decolorans Freyn & Sint.(Asteraceae) Türünün Anatomik, Pali-nolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 47(2), 192-202. google scholar
  • Ulukuş, D. (2019). Anatomical, palynological and achene micromor-phological characteristics of Cousinia boissieri Buhse (Sect. Leio-caules, Asteraceae) growing in Turkey. Biodicon, 12 (2), 119-125. google scholar
  • Winkler, C. (1892). Synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 12, 181286. google scholar
  • Winkler, C. (1897). Mantissa synopsis specierum generic Cousinia Cass. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago. Sada, 14, 187-243. google scholar
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Deniz Ulukuş 0000-0002-9627-5492

Osman Tugay 0000-0003-3980-7648

Project Number 111T364
Publication Date December 28, 2023
Submission Date March 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 53 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ulukuş, D., & Tugay, O. (2023). Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae). İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 53(3), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289
AMA Ulukuş D, Tugay O. Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae). iujp. December 2023;53(3):341-349. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289
Chicago Ulukuş, Deniz, and Osman Tugay. “Taxonomic Significance of Anatomy and Achene Micromorphology of Selected Cousinia Cass. Species (Asteraceae)”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53, no. 3 (December 2023): 341-49. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289.
EndNote Ulukuş D, Tugay O (December 1, 2023) Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae). İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53 3 341–349.
IEEE D. Ulukuş and O. Tugay, “Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae)”, iujp, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 341–349, 2023, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289.
ISNAD Ulukuş, Deniz - Tugay, Osman. “Taxonomic Significance of Anatomy and Achene Micromorphology of Selected Cousinia Cass. Species (Asteraceae)”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53/3 (December 2023), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289.
JAMA Ulukuş D, Tugay O. Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae). iujp. 2023;53:341–349.
MLA Ulukuş, Deniz and Osman Tugay. “Taxonomic Significance of Anatomy and Achene Micromorphology of Selected Cousinia Cass. Species (Asteraceae)”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 53, no. 3, 2023, pp. 341-9, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1268289.
Vancouver Ulukuş D, Tugay O. Taxonomic significance of anatomy and achene micromorphology of selected Cousinia Cass. species (Asteraceae). iujp. 2023;53(3):341-9.
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