Excessive growth of Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kutzing and enteric bacteria in mats in the Southwestern Istanbul coast, Sea of Marmara
Abstract
In the summer of 2010, the excessive growth of
Cladophora laetevirens
along the southwestern shoreline
of Istanbul, which carries great importance for tourism, drew major attention. The aim of this study was
to investigate the excessive growth of
Cladophora laetevirens
, some ecological parameters, and the
number of total coliform bacteria of surface waters in this region during the summer of 2010. During this
period, this species multiplied and mucilage like environment was formed and the total coliform bacteria
values were found to be between 10
5 and 108
MPN/100 mL. Due to the lack of available evidence prior to
the sampling, it is possible that the excessive mucilage formation may have been trigged by
Cladophora
laetevirens
. Cladophora
samples were collected on different sampling dates during the 2010 summer
(July and August). On these sampling days, the temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen levels of the
seawater ranged between 26.6-28°C, 14-33 ppt, and 8.2-9.7 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate+nitrite-N (0.21-
0.26 μg-at/L), Ammonium-N (0.43-0.94 μg-at/L), Phosphate-P (0.53-3.50 μg-at/L), Silicate-Si (9.63-
15.30 μg-at/L) and Chlorophyll
a
(3.68-14.11 μg/L) concentrations were measured.
References
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- Balkıs N., Toklu-Alıçlı B. and Balcı M. (2012) Evaluation of Ecological Quality Status with the Trophic Index (TRIX) Values in the Coastal Waters of the Gulfs of Erdek and Bandırma in the Marmara Sea, pp 1-22. In: Voudouris, K and Voutsa, D (Eds.), Ecological Water Quality - Water Treatment and Reuse, ISBN: 978-953-51-0508-4.
- Blomster J., Back S., Fewer D.P., Kiirikki M., Lehvo A., Maggs C.A. and Stanhope M.J. (2002) Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany, 89(11): 1756-1763.
- Byappanahalli M.N., Shively D.A., Nevers M.B., Sadowsky M.J. and Whitman R.L. (2003) Growth and survival of Escherichia coli and enterococci populations in the macro-alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta). FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 46: 203–211.
- Cingilli-Vural H. and Akcin A. (2011). Investigation of Contagious Type Antibiotic Resistance Properties Related with R Plasmids in Escherichia coli Strains Isolate From İzmit Gulfs (Turkey). Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(Suppl A): 23-30.
- Dodds W.K. and Gudder D.A. (1992) The ecology of Cladophora. Journal of Phycology, 28: 415-4
- Englebert E.T., McDermott C. and Kleinheinz G.T. (2008) Effects of the nuisance algae, Cladophora, on Escherichia coli at recreational beaches in Wisconsin. Science of the Total Environment, 404: 10-17.
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- Fletcher R.L. (1996) The occurrence of “green tides”: a review. In: W. Schramm and P.H. Nienhuis (Eds.), Marine benthic vegetation: recent changes and the effects of eutrophication, 7-43, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
- Goecke F., Labes A., Wiese J. and Imhoff J.F. (2010) Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409: 267-300.
- Güner H. and Aysel V. (1987) Marmara Denizi’nin sahil algleri üzerinde taksonomik ve ekolojik araştırmalar.TBAG 599’nolu proje.192 sayfa. Bornova, İzmir.
- Harris V. A. (2004) Cladophora confounds coastal communities-public perceptions and management dilemmas. In: Cladophora research and management in the great lakes. Proceedings of a workshop held at the great lakes water institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, December 8.
- Harwood J.E. and Kuhn A.L. (1970) Acolorimetric method for ammonia in natural waters. Water Research, 4: 805-811.
- Ishii S., Yan T., Shively D.A., Whitman M.N.B. and Sadowsky M.J. (2006) Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. Harbor Human Bacterial Pathogens in Nearshore Water of Lake Michigan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (7): 4545-4553.
- Ivanoff A. (1972) Introduction al’océanographie, Tome I. Librairie Vuibert, Paris.
- John D. M. (2002) Order Cladophorales (=Siphonocladales). The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles In: D.M., John, B.A. Whitton and A.J. Brook (Eds.), An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 468-470.
- Kelsey R.H., Scott G.I., Porter D.E., Thompson B. and Webster L. (2003). Using Multiple Antibiotic Resistance and Land Use Characteristics to Determine Sources of Fecal Coliform
- Bacterial Pollution. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 81: 337-348. Kemper N. (2008) Veterinary Antibiotics in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment, Ecological Indicators, 8: 1-13.
- Lapointe B. E. and O’Connell J. (1989) Nutrient‐ Enhanced Growth of Cladophora prolifera in Harrington Sound, Bermuda: Eutrophication of a Confined, Phosphorus‐Limited Marine Ecosystem. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28(4): 347‐360.
- Malinsky-Rushansky N.Z. and Legrand C. (1996) Excretion of dissolved organic carbon by phytoplankton of different sizes and subsequent bacterial uptake. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 132: 249–255.
- Marks J.C. and Cummings M.P. (1996) DNA sequences variation in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of freshwater Cladophora species (Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology, 32: 1035-1042.
- Necchi Jşnior O., Branco H.Z. and Dip M.R. (1994) Use of macroalgae for the evaluation of organic pollution in the Preto river, northwest of São Paulo State. The Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 66(3): 359-71.
- Olapade O.A., Depas M.M., Jensen E.T. and McLellan S.L. (2006) Microbial communities and fecal indicator bacteria associated with Cladophora mats on beach sites along Lake Michigan shores. Applied and Environmental Mirobiology, 72(3): 1932-1938.
- Parsons T.R., Maita Y. and Lalli C.M. (1984) A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, U.K.
- Pedersen M. F. and Borum J. (1996). Nutrient control of algal growth in estuarine waters: nutrient limitation and the importance of nitrogen requirements and nitrogen storage among phytoplankton and species of macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 142: 261–272.
- Raven J.A. and Taylor R. (2003). Macroalgal growth in nutrient enriched estuaries: a biogeochemical and evolutionary perspective. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 3: 7-26.
- Robinson P.K. and Hawkes H.A. (1986). Studies on the growth of Cladophora glomerata in laboratory continuous-flow culture. British Phycological Journal, 21(4): 437-444.
- Ryther J.H. and Dunstan W.M. (1971) Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science, 171: 100810
- Sivri N., Feyzioglu A.M. and Kose E. (2002)
- Trabzon Sahilinde Yeralan Desarj Sistemlerinin Kiyisal Ekosisteme Etkileri, Turkiye’nin Kiyi ve Deniz Alanlari IV. Ulusal Konferansi Bildiriler Kitabi, Izmir, 949-956. Sivri N., Mazlum R.E., Seyhan K., Engin S. and Demirhan S.A. (2005) A functional approach to Coastal Marine Biodiversity. In: Heip
- C.H.R., Hummel H., Van Avesaath P.H., Warwick RM. (Eds). The effect of pollution and human impact on the biodiversity in the Eastern Black Sea marine ecosystem, High level scientific conference activity “Biodiversity of coastal marine ecosystems”. Book of abstracts, Renesse, The Netherlands 11-15 May 200 Netherlands Institute of Ecology- Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology: Yerseke, The Netherlands, 85 pp. Söderström J. (1963) Studies in Cladophora . Botanica Gothoburgensia, 1, 147 pp.
- Tüfekçi V., Balkıs N., Polat-Beken Ç., Ediger D. and Mantıkçı M. (2010) Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of the mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34: 199-210.
- Valiela I., James McClelland J., Hauxwell J., Behr P.J., Hersh D. and Foreman K. (1997) Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography, 42 (5, part 2), 1105-1118.
- Van den Hoek C. (1982) The distribution of benthic marine algae in relation to the temperature regulation of their life histories. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 18: 81-1
- Whitman R. L. and Nevers M. B. (2003) Foreshore sand as a source of Escherichia coli in near shore water of a Lake Michigan beach.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 5555–5562.
- Whitman R.L., Shively D.A., Pawlik H., Nevers M.B. and Byappanahalli M.N. (2003) Occurrence of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in Nearshore
- Water and Beach Sand of Lake Michigan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(8): 4714–4719.
- Winkler L.W. (1888) The determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Berichte Deutschen
- Chemischen Gesellschaft, 21: 2843-2855.
Excessive growth of Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kutzing and enteric bacteria in mats in the Southwestern Istanbul coast, Sea of Marmara
Abstract
Turizm için büyük önem taşıyan İstanbul Güneybatı sahilinde, 2010 yılı yazında, Cladophora laetevirens’in aşırı büyümesi oldukça dikkat çekmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2010 yılı yaz aylarında gözlenen artışın etkenleri arasında bulunan Cladophora laetevirens türünü, ortamın bazı ekolojik özellikleri ve yüzey sularında total koliform bakteri sayısını araştırmaktır. Örnekleme döneminde, bu tür aşırı çoğalarak musilaj benzeri bir yapı oluşturmuş ve o dönem toplam koliform bakteri değerleri de 10 ve 10 MPN/100 mL olarak tespit edilmiştir. Örnekleme dönemi öncesinde bu yapı ortamda gözlenmediğinden, aşırı musilaj oluşumundan bu türün sorumlu olduğu düşünülmüştür. 2010 yılının yaz aylarında farklı tarihlerde (Temmuz ve Ağustos) Cladophora örnekleri toplanmış ve bu esnada, deniz suyu sıcaklığı, tuzluluk ve çözünmüş oksijen değerleri sırasıyla 26,6-28 °C, 14-33 ppt ve 8,29,7 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, Nitrit + nitrat-N (0,21-0,26 μg-at/L), Amonyum-N (0,43-0,94 μg-at/L), Fosfat-P (0,53-3,50 μg-at/L), Silikat-Si (9,63-15,30 μg-at/L) ve Klorofil a (3,68-14,11 μg/L) konsantrasyonları da belirlenmiştir.
References
- Abd-Elnaby H. (2010) Bacteria–Algae Interactions in Abu-Qir Marine Ecosystem and Some Applied Aspects of Algal Extracts. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(4): 345-3
- Aktan Y., Dede A. and Çiftçi P.S. (2008) Mucilage event associated with diatoms and dinoflagellates in Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Harmful Algae News, 36: 1-3.
- American Public Health Association–APHA. (1999) American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water 20th ed., Washington DC, USA.
- Aysel V., Aydın A., Tomruk, A., Koç, H., Ayşenur K., Nalan O., İlker S., Gören F., Gümüşçapa G. and Mert S. (2006) The list of algae and seagrasses of Marmara Sea and Bosphorus between 1986-1994. Journal of Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 12: 5-14.
- Balkıs N, Atabay H., Türetgen İ., Albayrak S., Balkıs H. and Tüfekçi V. (2011) Role of single-celled organisms in mucilage formation on the shores of Büyükada Island (the Marmara Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(4): 771-7
- Balkıs N., Toklu-Alıçlı B. and Balcı M. (2012) Evaluation of Ecological Quality Status with the Trophic Index (TRIX) Values in the Coastal Waters of the Gulfs of Erdek and Bandırma in the Marmara Sea, pp 1-22. In: Voudouris, K and Voutsa, D (Eds.), Ecological Water Quality - Water Treatment and Reuse, ISBN: 978-953-51-0508-4.
- Blomster J., Back S., Fewer D.P., Kiirikki M., Lehvo A., Maggs C.A. and Stanhope M.J. (2002) Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany, 89(11): 1756-1763.
- Byappanahalli M.N., Shively D.A., Nevers M.B., Sadowsky M.J. and Whitman R.L. (2003) Growth and survival of Escherichia coli and enterococci populations in the macro-alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta). FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 46: 203–211.
- Cingilli-Vural H. and Akcin A. (2011). Investigation of Contagious Type Antibiotic Resistance Properties Related with R Plasmids in Escherichia coli Strains Isolate From İzmit Gulfs (Turkey). Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(Suppl A): 23-30.
- Dodds W.K. and Gudder D.A. (1992) The ecology of Cladophora. Journal of Phycology, 28: 415-4
- Englebert E.T., McDermott C. and Kleinheinz G.T. (2008) Effects of the nuisance algae, Cladophora, on Escherichia coli at recreational beaches in Wisconsin. Science of the Total Environment, 404: 10-17.
- EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2003) Bacterial Water Quality Standards For Recreational Waters (Freshwater And Marine Waters). Status Report June 2003, EPA-823-R-03-008.
- Fletcher R.L. (1996) The occurrence of “green tides”: a review. In: W. Schramm and P.H. Nienhuis (Eds.), Marine benthic vegetation: recent changes and the effects of eutrophication, 7-43, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
- Goecke F., Labes A., Wiese J. and Imhoff J.F. (2010) Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409: 267-300.
- Güner H. and Aysel V. (1987) Marmara Denizi’nin sahil algleri üzerinde taksonomik ve ekolojik araştırmalar.TBAG 599’nolu proje.192 sayfa. Bornova, İzmir.
- Harris V. A. (2004) Cladophora confounds coastal communities-public perceptions and management dilemmas. In: Cladophora research and management in the great lakes. Proceedings of a workshop held at the great lakes water institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, December 8.
- Harwood J.E. and Kuhn A.L. (1970) Acolorimetric method for ammonia in natural waters. Water Research, 4: 805-811.
- Ishii S., Yan T., Shively D.A., Whitman M.N.B. and Sadowsky M.J. (2006) Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. Harbor Human Bacterial Pathogens in Nearshore Water of Lake Michigan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (7): 4545-4553.
- Ivanoff A. (1972) Introduction al’océanographie, Tome I. Librairie Vuibert, Paris.
- John D. M. (2002) Order Cladophorales (=Siphonocladales). The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles In: D.M., John, B.A. Whitton and A.J. Brook (Eds.), An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 468-470.
- Kelsey R.H., Scott G.I., Porter D.E., Thompson B. and Webster L. (2003). Using Multiple Antibiotic Resistance and Land Use Characteristics to Determine Sources of Fecal Coliform
- Bacterial Pollution. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 81: 337-348. Kemper N. (2008) Veterinary Antibiotics in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment, Ecological Indicators, 8: 1-13.
- Lapointe B. E. and O’Connell J. (1989) Nutrient‐ Enhanced Growth of Cladophora prolifera in Harrington Sound, Bermuda: Eutrophication of a Confined, Phosphorus‐Limited Marine Ecosystem. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28(4): 347‐360.
- Malinsky-Rushansky N.Z. and Legrand C. (1996) Excretion of dissolved organic carbon by phytoplankton of different sizes and subsequent bacterial uptake. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 132: 249–255.
- Marks J.C. and Cummings M.P. (1996) DNA sequences variation in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of freshwater Cladophora species (Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology, 32: 1035-1042.
- Necchi Jşnior O., Branco H.Z. and Dip M.R. (1994) Use of macroalgae for the evaluation of organic pollution in the Preto river, northwest of São Paulo State. The Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 66(3): 359-71.
- Olapade O.A., Depas M.M., Jensen E.T. and McLellan S.L. (2006) Microbial communities and fecal indicator bacteria associated with Cladophora mats on beach sites along Lake Michigan shores. Applied and Environmental Mirobiology, 72(3): 1932-1938.
- Parsons T.R., Maita Y. and Lalli C.M. (1984) A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, U.K.
- Pedersen M. F. and Borum J. (1996). Nutrient control of algal growth in estuarine waters: nutrient limitation and the importance of nitrogen requirements and nitrogen storage among phytoplankton and species of macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 142: 261–272.
- Raven J.A. and Taylor R. (2003). Macroalgal growth in nutrient enriched estuaries: a biogeochemical and evolutionary perspective. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 3: 7-26.
- Robinson P.K. and Hawkes H.A. (1986). Studies on the growth of Cladophora glomerata in laboratory continuous-flow culture. British Phycological Journal, 21(4): 437-444.
- Ryther J.H. and Dunstan W.M. (1971) Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science, 171: 100810
- Sivri N., Feyzioglu A.M. and Kose E. (2002)
- Trabzon Sahilinde Yeralan Desarj Sistemlerinin Kiyisal Ekosisteme Etkileri, Turkiye’nin Kiyi ve Deniz Alanlari IV. Ulusal Konferansi Bildiriler Kitabi, Izmir, 949-956. Sivri N., Mazlum R.E., Seyhan K., Engin S. and Demirhan S.A. (2005) A functional approach to Coastal Marine Biodiversity. In: Heip
- C.H.R., Hummel H., Van Avesaath P.H., Warwick RM. (Eds). The effect of pollution and human impact on the biodiversity in the Eastern Black Sea marine ecosystem, High level scientific conference activity “Biodiversity of coastal marine ecosystems”. Book of abstracts, Renesse, The Netherlands 11-15 May 200 Netherlands Institute of Ecology- Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology: Yerseke, The Netherlands, 85 pp. Söderström J. (1963) Studies in Cladophora . Botanica Gothoburgensia, 1, 147 pp.
- Tüfekçi V., Balkıs N., Polat-Beken Ç., Ediger D. and Mantıkçı M. (2010) Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of the mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34: 199-210.
- Valiela I., James McClelland J., Hauxwell J., Behr P.J., Hersh D. and Foreman K. (1997) Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography, 42 (5, part 2), 1105-1118.
- Van den Hoek C. (1982) The distribution of benthic marine algae in relation to the temperature regulation of their life histories. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 18: 81-1
- Whitman R. L. and Nevers M. B. (2003) Foreshore sand as a source of Escherichia coli in near shore water of a Lake Michigan beach.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 5555–5562.
- Whitman R.L., Shively D.A., Pawlik H., Nevers M.B. and Byappanahalli M.N. (2003) Occurrence of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in Nearshore
- Water and Beach Sand of Lake Michigan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(8): 4714–4719.
- Winkler L.W. (1888) The determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Berichte Deutschen
- Chemischen Gesellschaft, 21: 2843-2855.
There are 44 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Short Communication |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 12, 2014 |
| Submission Date | May 12, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 Volume: 72 Issue: 2 |
