Research Article
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Functional Annotation of Uncharacterised Proteins Whose Expression Patterns Affect the Lifespan under Metformin Treatment in Fission Yeast

Year 2023, Volume: 82 Issue: 2, 196 - 211, 21.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1372233

Abstract

Objective: Metformin, a well-known anti-diabetic drug and a caloric restriction mimetic, seems to attenuate aging through myriad cellular processes, wherein most of its mode of action is still elusive. Thus, bioinformatic analyses that might direct experimental studies are crucial. Moreover, uncharacterised proteins with unknown molecular functions might withhold information regarding metformin’s mode of action. Here, we aimed to elucidate genes encoding uncharacterised proteins that are somehow involved in metformin metabolism and elaborate their involvement through functional annotation to reveal novel cellular processes in which metformin interferes.

Materials and Methods: Total RNA isolation was conducted from Schizosaccharomyces pombe wild-type cells that were grown in standard and overnutrition conditions. Following the gene expression analysis of the uncharacterised proteins, the bioinformatics analysis of the up- and down-regulated uncharacterised proteins upon metformin treatment in both was conducted using the functional annotator called PANNZER2.

Results: Genes that might be related to cellular processes such as meiosis, protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and heme production are up- and down-regulated upon metformin treatment. Moreover, the up-regulation of apoptosis and antioxidationrelated genes and the down-regulation of mitosis, DNA damage, apoptosis, mitochondria, and telomere-capping-related genes were also determined.

Conclusion: We effectively identified associations between metformin and a wide range of cellular processes and genetic mechanisms through the comprehensive annotation of uncharacterised genes. Our findings are consistent with the literature, and many of these uncharacterised proteins could be used as targets for research into aging in the future.

References

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Year 2023, Volume: 82 Issue: 2, 196 - 211, 21.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1372233

Abstract

References

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  • Soukas AA, Hao H, Wu L. Metformin as anti-aging therapy: Is ıt for everyone? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019;30(10):745-755. google scholar
  • Zhu Z, Jiang T, Suo H, et al. Metformin potentiates the ef-fects of anlotinib in NSCLC via AMPK/mTOR and ROS-mediated signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:712181. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.712181 google scholar
  • Anisimov VN, Berstein LM, Egormin PA, et al. Metformin slows down aging and extends life span of female SHR mice. Cell Cycle. 2008;7(17):2769-2773. google scholar
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  • Koskinen P, Törönen P, Nokso-Koivisto J, Holm L. PANNZER: High-throughput functional annotation of uncharac-terized proteins in an error-prone environment. Bioinformatics. 2015;31(10):1544-1552. google scholar
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  • Martm-Castellanos C, Blanco M, Rozalen AE, et al. A large-scale screen in S. pombe identifies seven novel genes required for critical meiotic events. Curr Biol. 2005;15(22):2056-2062. google scholar
  • Mata J, Lyne R, Burns G, Bahler J. The transcriptional program of meiosis and sporulation in fission yeast. Nat Genet. 2002;32(1):143-147. google scholar
  • Yamashita A, Sakuno T, Watanabe Y, Yamamoto M. Syn-chronous ınduction of meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosac-charomyces pombe. Cold Spring Harb Protoc.2017;2017(9). doi:10.1101/pdb.prot091777 google scholar
  • Lee SH, Min KJ. Caloric restriction and its mimetics. BMB Rep. 2013;46(4):181-187. google scholar
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  • Chitwood PJ, Hegde RS. An intramembrane chaperone complex facilitates membrane protein biogenesis. Nature. 2020;584(7822):630-634. google scholar
  • Morimoto M, Waller-Evans H, Ammous Z, et al. Bi-allelic CCDC47 variants cause a disorder characterized by woolly hair, liver dysfunction, dysmorphic features, and global developmental delay. Am J Hum Genet. 2018;103(5):794-807. google scholar
  • Yamamoto S, Yamazaki T, Komazaki S, et al. Contribution of calumin to embryogenesis through participation in the en-doplasmic reticulum-associated degradation activity. Dev Biol. 2014;393(1):33-43. google scholar
  • Hou C, Tian W, Kleist T, et al. DUF221 proteins are a family of osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channels conserved across eukaryotes. Cell Res. 2014;24(5):632-635. google scholar
  • Hetz C. The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate de-cisions under ER stress and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13(2):89-102. google scholar
  • Conza D, Mirra P, Cali G, et al. Metformin dysregulates the unfolded protein response and the WNT/p-catenin pathway in endometrial cancer cells through an AMPK-independent mecha-nism. Cells. 2021;10(5):1067. doi:10.3390/cells10051067 google scholar
  • Mönkemeyer L, Klaips CL, Balchin D, Körner R, Hartl FU, Bracher A. Chaperone function of Hgh1 in the biogenesis of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Mol Cell. 2019;74(1):88-100.e9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.034 google scholar
  • Moldavski O, Amen T, Levin-Zaidman S, et al. Lipid droplets are essential for efficient clearance of cytosolic ınclusion bodies. Dev Cell. 2015;33(5):603-610. google scholar
  • Gregan J, Rabitsch PK, Sakem B, et al. Novel genes re-quired for meiotic chromosome segregation are identified by a high-throughput knockout screen in fission yeast. Curr Biol. 2005;15(18):1663-1669. google scholar
  • Levine B, Kroemer G. SnapShot: Macroautophagy. Cell. 2008;132(1):162.e1-162.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.026 google scholar
  • Sun LL, Li M, Suo F, et al. Global analysis of fission yeast mating genes reveals new autophagy factors. PLoS Genet. 2013;9(8):e1003715. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003715 google scholar
  • Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls the aging process via an integrated signaling network. Ageing Res Rev. 2012;11(2):230-241. google scholar
  • Pallauf K, Rimbach G. Autophagy, polyphenols and healthy age-ing. Ageing Res Rev. 2013;12(1):237-252. google scholar
  • Caton PW, Nayuni NK, Kieswich J, Khan NQ, Yaqoob MM, Corder R. Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through induction of SIRT1 and GCN5. J Endocrinol. 2010;205(1):97-106. google scholar
  • Sreelatha A, Yee SS, Lopez VA, et al. Protein AMPylation by an evolutionarily conserved pseudokinase. Cell. 2018;175(3):809-821.e19. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.046 google scholar
  • Deng L, Kabeche R, Wang N, Wu JQ, Moseley JB. Megadalton-node assembly by binding of Skb1 to the membrane anchor Slf1. Mol Biol Cell. 2014;25(17):2660-2668. google scholar
  • Hou H, Zhou Z, Wang Y, et al. Csi1 links centromeres to the nuclear envelope for centromere clustering. J Cell Biol. 2012;199(5):735-744. google scholar
  • Zheng F, Li T, Jin DY, et al. Csi1p recruits alp7p/TACC to the spindle pole bodies for bipolar spindle formation. Mol Biol Cell. 2014;25(18):2750-2760. google scholar
  • Strawbridge AB, Elmendorf JS. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate reverses endothelin-1-induced insulin resistance via an actin-dependent mechanism. Diabetes. 2005;54(6):1698-1705. google scholar
  • Polianskyte-Prause Z, Tolvanen TA, Lindfors S, et al. Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity. FASEB J. 2019;33(2):2858-2869. google scholar
  • Polakova S, Molnarova L, Hyppa RW, et al. Dbl2 Regulates Rad51 and DNA joint molecule metabolism to ensure proper meiotic chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2016;12(6):e1006102. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006102 google scholar
  • Huang L, Khusnutdinova A, Nocek B, et al. A family of metal-dependent phosphatases implicated in metabolite damage-control. Nat Chem Biol. 2016;12(8):621-627. google scholar
  • Nishimura A, Yamamoto K, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Saito H, Tatebayashi K. Scaffold protein Ahk1, which associates with Hkr1, Sho1, Ste11, and Pbs2, inhibits cross talk signaling from the Hkr1 osmosensor to the Kss1 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 2016;36(7):1109-1123. google scholar
  • Yue J, Lopez JM. Understanding MAPK Signaling path-ways in apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2346. doi:10.3390/ijms21072346 google scholar
  • Oscilowska I, Rolkowski K, Baszanowska W, et al. Pro-line dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) ıs ın-volved in the mechanism of metformin-ınduced apoptosis in C32 melanoma cell line. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(4):2354. doi:10.3390/ijms23042354 google scholar
  • Zulkifli M, Neff JK, Timbalia SA, et al. Yeast homologs of hu-man MCUR1 regulate mitochondrial proline metabolism. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):4866. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18704-1 google scholar
  • Ragno S, Estrada-Garcia I, Butler R, Colston MJ. Regulation of macrophage gene expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Down-regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Infect Immun. 1998;66(8):3952-3958. google scholar
  • Schüll S, Günther SD, Brodesser S, et al. Cytochrome c ox-idase deficiency accelerates mitochondrial apoptosis by acti-vating ceramide synthase 6. Cell Death Dis. 2015;6(3):e1691. doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.62 google scholar
  • Crivellone MD. Characterization of CBP4, a new gene es-sential for the expression of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1994;269(33):21284-21292. google scholar
  • Chen S, Gan D, Lin S, et al. Metformin in aging and aging-related diseases: Clinical applications and relevant mechanisms. Theranostics. 2022;12(6):2722-2740 google scholar
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cell Metabolism
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çağatay Tarhan 0000-0001-5265-4610

Sümeyra Zeynep Çalıcı 0009-0006-0348-1884

Buse Özden 0009-0009-1415-2420

Publication Date December 21, 2023
Submission Date October 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 82 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Tarhan Ç, Çalıcı SZ, Özden B. Functional Annotation of Uncharacterised Proteins Whose Expression Patterns Affect the Lifespan under Metformin Treatment in Fission Yeast. Eur J Biol. December 2023;82(2):196-211. doi:10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1372233