The Effect of Tens on Pain and Fear in Children with Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Hilal Kurt Sezer; Bayram Sönmez Ünüvar; Metin Gündüz; Sibel Küçükoğlu

Research Article

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 59 - 64, 15.12.2023

Hilal Kurt Sezer Bayram Sönmez Ünüvar Metin Gündüz Sibel Küçükoğlu

Abstract

References

[1]Chou R. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline Fromthe American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Commi. The Journal of Pain(2016) 17(2):131–157. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008.
[2]Purser L, Warfield K, Richardson C. Making Pain Visible: An Audit and Review of Documentation to Improve the Use of Pain Assessment by Implementing Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign. Pain Management Nursing(2014) 15(1):137–142. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2012.07.007.
[3]Villacres S, Chumpitazi CE. Acute Pediatric Pain Management in the Primary Care Office. Pediatric Annals(2018) 47(3). doi:10.3928/19382359-20180222-01.
[4]Gai N, Naser B, Hanley J, Peliowski A, Hayes J, Aoyama K. A practical guide toacute pain management in children. Journal of Anesthesia(2020) 34(3):421–433. doi:10.1007/s00540-020-02767-x.
[5]Gaglani A, Gross T. Pediatric Pain Management. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America(2018) 36(2):323–334. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.002.
[6]Makhlouf MM, Garibay ER, Jenkins BN, Kain ZN, Fortier MA. Postoperative pain: factors and tools to improve pain management in children. Pain Management(2019) 9(4):389–397. doi:10.2217/pmt-2018-0079.
[7]Vance C, Dailey DL, Rakel BA, Sluka KA. Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence. Pain Management(2014) 4(3):197–209. doi:10.2217/pmt.14.13.
[8]Moon S-H, Choi J-H, Park S-E. The effects of functional electrical stimulation on muscle tone and stiffness of stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science(2017) 29(2):238–241. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.238.
[9]Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.)(2010) 340:c869. doi:10.1136/bmj.c869.
[10]Fiorelli A. Control of post-thoracotomy pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: effect on serum cytokine levels, visual analogue scale, pulmonary function and medication. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(2012) 41(4):861–868. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezr108. 64International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews7(2) 59-64.
[11]Ali S. Reported practice variation in pediatric pain management: a survey of Canadian pediatric emergency physicians. CJEM(2014) 16(05):352–360. doi:10.2310/8000.2013.131261.
[12]Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric nursing(1988) 14(1):9–17.
[13]Garra G. Validation of the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients. Academic Emergency Medicine(2010) 17(1):50–54. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x.[14]Erdogan B, Ozdemir A. The Effect of Three Different Methods on Venipuncture Pain and Anxiety in Children: Distraction Cards, Virtual Reality, and Buzzy® (Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing(2021) 58:54–62. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.001.
[15]McKinley S, Coote K, Stein‐Parbury J. Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing(2003) 41(1):73–79. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02508.x.
[16]Gerceker G, Ayar D, Özdemir Z, Bektaş M. Çocuk Anksiyete Skalası-Durumluluk ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeğinin Türk Diline Kazandırılması [Introduction of the Child Anxiety Scale-State and Child Fear Scale into Turkish]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi(2018) 11(1):9–13.
[17]Chan A-W. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ(2013) 346(jan08 15):7586. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7586.
[18]Lim Y, Godambe S. Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. Archives of disease in childhood -Education & practice edition(2017) 102(5):254–256. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311066.
[19]Tokuda M, Tabira K, Masuda T, Nishiwada T, Shomoto K. Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation after Abdominal Surgery. Rigakuryoho Kagaku(2013) 28(4):415–421. doi:10.1589/rika.28.415.
[20]Elboim-Gabyzon M, Najjar S, ShtarkerH. Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on acute postoperative pain intensity and mobility after hip fracture: A double-blinded, randomized trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging(2019) 14(10):1841–1850. doi:10.2147/CIA.S203658

The Effect of Tens on Pain and Fear in Children with Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 59 - 64, 15.12.2023

Hilal Kurt Sezer Bayram Sönmez Ünüvar Metin Gündüz Sibel Küçükoğlu

Abstract

This study is the protocol of a randomized controlled trial. The protocol is designed according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT). The study, which was aimed to reach 44 children, was completed with 50 children (aged 7-12) who had abdominal surgery. Children were randomized into experimental and control groups. The intervention group received a 40-minutes session of TENS before mobilization, while the control group received no intervention. The study was planned to be implemented between July 2021 and November 2022. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB-FACES), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Children’s Fear Scale (CFS). It is important to manage pain in pediatric patients in the postoperative period. However, there is little evidence suggesting the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic methods. Moreover, there is limited research investigating the effect of TENS on pain during mobilization. Some patients experience delayed mobilization because they cannot manage pain in the postoperative period. Delayed mobilization causes complications. Therefore, it is important to manage pain effectively. Our results indicate that TENS helps children with abdominal surgery mobilize earlier in the postoperative period. Children and parents participating in the study assisted and contributed to the researchers in the data collection process.

Keywords

TENS, Child, Surgery, Pain

References

[1]Chou R. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline Fromthe American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Commi. The Journal of Pain(2016) 17(2):131–157. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008.
[2]Purser L, Warfield K, Richardson C. Making Pain Visible: An Audit and Review of Documentation to Improve the Use of Pain Assessment by Implementing Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign. Pain Management Nursing(2014) 15(1):137–142. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2012.07.007.
[3]Villacres S, Chumpitazi CE. Acute Pediatric Pain Management in the Primary Care Office. Pediatric Annals(2018) 47(3). doi:10.3928/19382359-20180222-01.
[4]Gai N, Naser B, Hanley J, Peliowski A, Hayes J, Aoyama K. A practical guide toacute pain management in children. Journal of Anesthesia(2020) 34(3):421–433. doi:10.1007/s00540-020-02767-x.
[5]Gaglani A, Gross T. Pediatric Pain Management. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America(2018) 36(2):323–334. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.002.
[6]Makhlouf MM, Garibay ER, Jenkins BN, Kain ZN, Fortier MA. Postoperative pain: factors and tools to improve pain management in children. Pain Management(2019) 9(4):389–397. doi:10.2217/pmt-2018-0079.
[7]Vance C, Dailey DL, Rakel BA, Sluka KA. Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence. Pain Management(2014) 4(3):197–209. doi:10.2217/pmt.14.13.
[8]Moon S-H, Choi J-H, Park S-E. The effects of functional electrical stimulation on muscle tone and stiffness of stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science(2017) 29(2):238–241. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.238.
[9]Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.)(2010) 340:c869. doi:10.1136/bmj.c869.
[10]Fiorelli A. Control of post-thoracotomy pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: effect on serum cytokine levels, visual analogue scale, pulmonary function and medication. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(2012) 41(4):861–868. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezr108. 64International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews7(2) 59-64.
[11]Ali S. Reported practice variation in pediatric pain management: a survey of Canadian pediatric emergency physicians. CJEM(2014) 16(05):352–360. doi:10.2310/8000.2013.131261.
[12]Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric nursing(1988) 14(1):9–17.
[13]Garra G. Validation of the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients. Academic Emergency Medicine(2010) 17(1):50–54. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x.[14]Erdogan B, Ozdemir A. The Effect of Three Different Methods on Venipuncture Pain and Anxiety in Children: Distraction Cards, Virtual Reality, and Buzzy® (Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing(2021) 58:54–62. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.001.
[15]McKinley S, Coote K, Stein‐Parbury J. Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing(2003) 41(1):73–79. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02508.x.
[16]Gerceker G, Ayar D, Özdemir Z, Bektaş M. Çocuk Anksiyete Skalası-Durumluluk ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeğinin Türk Diline Kazandırılması [Introduction of the Child Anxiety Scale-State and Child Fear Scale into Turkish]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi(2018) 11(1):9–13.
[17]Chan A-W. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ(2013) 346(jan08 15):7586. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7586.
[18]Lim Y, Godambe S. Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. Archives of disease in childhood -Education & practice edition(2017) 102(5):254–256. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311066.
[19]Tokuda M, Tabira K, Masuda T, Nishiwada T, Shomoto K. Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation after Abdominal Surgery. Rigakuryoho Kagaku(2013) 28(4):415–421. doi:10.1589/rika.28.415.
[20]Elboim-Gabyzon M, Najjar S, ShtarkerH. Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on acute postoperative pain intensity and mobility after hip fracture: A double-blinded, randomized trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging(2019) 14(10):1841–1850. doi:10.2147/CIA.S203658

There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Medical Biotechnology (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Hilal Kurt Sezer Bayram Sönmez Ünüvar Metin Gündüz Sibel Küçükoğlu
Publication Date	December 15, 2023
Submission Date	July 19, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

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APA	Kurt Sezer, H., Ünüvar, B. S., Gündüz, M., Küçükoğlu, S. (2023). The Effect of Tens on Pain and Fear in Children with Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 7(2), 59-64.

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