Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 26 - 30, 21.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1249215

Abstract

References

  • 1. Bushra I, Fozia Abdul W, Ali R, Ullah Hussain, Iqbal Hamid, Almas M, Ahmad A. Antimicrobial activity of Malvaneglecta and Nasturtium microphyllum. Int. J. Res. in Ayurveda Pharm. 2012;3:808-810.
  • 2. Dagne E, Dobo B, Bedewi Z. Antibacterial Activity of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf and seed extracts against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pharma. J. 2021; 13(6): 1727-1733.
  • 3. Alabi OA, Haruna MT, Anokwuru CP, Jegede T, Abia H, Okegbe , Esan E. Comparative studies on antimicrobial properties of extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Carica papaya (L) on clinical bacterial and fungal isolates. Pelagia Research Library. 2012;3(5):3107-3114.
  • 4. Aravind G, Debjit B, Duraivel S, and Harish G. Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya. J. Med Plants Studies. 2013;1(1):7-15.
  • 5. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Aarthi N, Kumar P M, Subramaniam J, and Amerasan D. Antimalarial activity of Carica papaya (Family : Caricaceae ) leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum. Asian Pac J. Trop. Dis. 2012;2,S306–S311.
  • 6. Udegbunam R. I, Ode J O, Ekwere M R. Anti-fertility effects of Carica papaya ( Pawpaw ) Linn . Methanol root extract in male Wistar rats. Arabian J. Chem. 2014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.018.
  • 7. Devi S V, Prakash N K U A. Study on phytochemistry, antimicrobial antifungal and antioxidant properties of male flower of Carica Papaya L. Int. J. App. Bio. 2011;2(1), 20–23.
  • 8. Anibijuwon I I, Udeze A O. Antimicrobial Activity of Carica papaya (Pawpaw Leaf) on some pathogenic organisms of clinical origin from South-Western Nigeria. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009; 13, 850–64.
  • 9. Nirosha N Mangalanayi R. Antibacterial activity of leaves and stem extract of Carica papaya L. Int. J. Adv. Phar. Bio. Chem. 2013;2(3).473-476.
  • 10. Adeneye A A, Olagunju J A, Banjo A F, Abdul S F, Sanusi O A, Sanni O O, Shonoiki O E. The aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. Prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J. Appl. Res.Nat. Prod. 2009;2(2), 19-32
  • 11. Tona L, Kambu K, Ngimbi N, Cimanga K, Vlietinck A J. Antiamoebic and phytochemical screening of some Congolese medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharm.. 1998;61,57–65.
  • 12. Otsuki N, Dang N H, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. J. Ethnopharm. 2010;127,760–767.
  • 13. Jyotsna, K. P., Yashab, K., Priyanka, P. and Harison, M. Antibacterial activity of seed and leaf extract of Carica Papaya var. Pusa dwarf Linn. IOSR J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. (IOSR-JPBS). 2014:9(2):29-37
  • 14. Ayala-Zavala J F, Vega-Vega V, Rosas-Domínguez C, Palafox-Carlos H, Villa-Rodriguez J A, Siddiqui M W, Dávila-Aviña J E, González-Aguilar G A. Agro-industrial potential of exotic fruit byproducts as a source of food additives. Food Res. Int. 2011;44(7):1866-1874
  • 15. Li ZY, Wang Y, Shen WT, Zhou P. Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti–cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2012;3,231–233.
  • 16. Julaeha E, Permatasari Y, Mayanti T, Diantini A. Antifertility compound from the seeds of Carica papaya. Procedia Chemistry. 2015: 17, 66–69.
  • 17. Ajiboye A E, Olawoyin R A. Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica Papaya Leaf Against Selected Pathogens. Glob. J. Pure. App. Sci. 2020;26,165-170
  • 18. Begum S, AbdEIslam M, Adnan N, Tariq A, Yasmin A, Hameed R. Ethnomedicines of highly utilized plants in the Temperate Himalayan Region. Afr. J. Tradit. Compl. Altern. Med. 2014; 11(3):132-142
  • 19. Manika D, Subhagata G. Antifungal and antibacterial property of Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract: Role of Phytochemicals. Int. J. Hth. Sci. and Res. 2019;9(2):39-45.
  • 20. Nduche M, Nkaa F, and Onyebinime A. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Carica Papaya L, Citrus Paradisi L, Citrus Sinensis L, and Vernonia Amygdalina. Cent. Dairy. Vet. Sci. J. 2019;9(4): 555768.
  • 21. Masfufatun N P, Putri YK. Antimicrobial assay of papaya seed ethanol extract (Carica papaya Linn) and phytochemical analysis of its active compounds. IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys. 2019; doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1277/1/012018
  • 22. Setiawan E, Setyaningtyas T, Kartika D, and Ningsih D R. Potential of Bacang Mango leaf ethanol extract. J. Med. Plants Res. 2017;2(2):108–17
  • 23. Anggraini A, Masfufatun P. Effectivity of red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) in combination with avocado seed extract (Persea americana) to inhibit Candida albicans Growth. J. Kim. 2017;2(2):86–92.
  • 24. Li W, Li W, Xie L, Chen Z, Chen J. Benzyl isothiocyanate exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi by targeting dual membrne-bound respiratory enzymes. J. Appl. Microbio. 2017;122(2), 460-470. doi: 10.1111/jam.13358
  • 25. Amazu L U, Azikiwe C C, Nwachukwu N. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Carica papaya seed extract on some clinical bacterial isolates. J. Microbio. Biotech. Res. 2017;1(1), 9-14.
  • 26. Kefi A S, Ammar, S., and Ayadi, I. (2016). Effect of pseudocarpaine and carpaine on the growth of bacterial strains isolated from wound infections. Int. J. Curr. Microbio. Appl. Sci. 2016;5(5), 645-651.
  • 27. Saba A B, Oyeyemi O T. Antibacterial effect of papaya seeds on some bacteria isolated from urine samples. Int. J. Curr. Microbio. Appl. Sci. 2019;8(2), 15-19.

Investigating the Astonishing Antimicrobial Potential of Papaya seeds against Salmonella spp and Candida albicans

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 26 - 30, 21.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1249215

Abstract

Objective: This study focused on the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of papaya seed ethanolic and aqueous extracts against Salmonella spp. and Candida albicans.
Material-Method: Dry seeds of Carica papaya were extracted with ethanol and hot water and tested for antimicrobial activity against Salmonella spp and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method on Muller Hilton agar.
Results: The study found that the extracts worked better against Salmonella spp than Candida albicans, however, ethanol extract was stronger against the isolates with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 10 mm to 32 mm, compared to the aqueous extract which only had 4 mm to 9 mm zones at certain concentrations.
Conclusion: The activity of Carica papaya seed extracts demonstrates that the seeds are as significant as other parts of the plant and provides a scientific basis for the seeds' use in the treatment of many ailments in the local community. The extracts were more effective against Salmonella spp., with the ethanol extract having the highest antibacterial activity, indicating that the components of papaya seeds are more soluble in organic solvents and had stronger bactericidal characteristics. As a result, extensive analyses of the bioactive chemicals in Carica papaya seeds and their modes of action are required to present a full picture

References

  • 1. Bushra I, Fozia Abdul W, Ali R, Ullah Hussain, Iqbal Hamid, Almas M, Ahmad A. Antimicrobial activity of Malvaneglecta and Nasturtium microphyllum. Int. J. Res. in Ayurveda Pharm. 2012;3:808-810.
  • 2. Dagne E, Dobo B, Bedewi Z. Antibacterial Activity of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf and seed extracts against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pharma. J. 2021; 13(6): 1727-1733.
  • 3. Alabi OA, Haruna MT, Anokwuru CP, Jegede T, Abia H, Okegbe , Esan E. Comparative studies on antimicrobial properties of extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Carica papaya (L) on clinical bacterial and fungal isolates. Pelagia Research Library. 2012;3(5):3107-3114.
  • 4. Aravind G, Debjit B, Duraivel S, and Harish G. Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya. J. Med Plants Studies. 2013;1(1):7-15.
  • 5. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Aarthi N, Kumar P M, Subramaniam J, and Amerasan D. Antimalarial activity of Carica papaya (Family : Caricaceae ) leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum. Asian Pac J. Trop. Dis. 2012;2,S306–S311.
  • 6. Udegbunam R. I, Ode J O, Ekwere M R. Anti-fertility effects of Carica papaya ( Pawpaw ) Linn . Methanol root extract in male Wistar rats. Arabian J. Chem. 2014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.018.
  • 7. Devi S V, Prakash N K U A. Study on phytochemistry, antimicrobial antifungal and antioxidant properties of male flower of Carica Papaya L. Int. J. App. Bio. 2011;2(1), 20–23.
  • 8. Anibijuwon I I, Udeze A O. Antimicrobial Activity of Carica papaya (Pawpaw Leaf) on some pathogenic organisms of clinical origin from South-Western Nigeria. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009; 13, 850–64.
  • 9. Nirosha N Mangalanayi R. Antibacterial activity of leaves and stem extract of Carica papaya L. Int. J. Adv. Phar. Bio. Chem. 2013;2(3).473-476.
  • 10. Adeneye A A, Olagunju J A, Banjo A F, Abdul S F, Sanusi O A, Sanni O O, Shonoiki O E. The aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. Prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J. Appl. Res.Nat. Prod. 2009;2(2), 19-32
  • 11. Tona L, Kambu K, Ngimbi N, Cimanga K, Vlietinck A J. Antiamoebic and phytochemical screening of some Congolese medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharm.. 1998;61,57–65.
  • 12. Otsuki N, Dang N H, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. J. Ethnopharm. 2010;127,760–767.
  • 13. Jyotsna, K. P., Yashab, K., Priyanka, P. and Harison, M. Antibacterial activity of seed and leaf extract of Carica Papaya var. Pusa dwarf Linn. IOSR J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. (IOSR-JPBS). 2014:9(2):29-37
  • 14. Ayala-Zavala J F, Vega-Vega V, Rosas-Domínguez C, Palafox-Carlos H, Villa-Rodriguez J A, Siddiqui M W, Dávila-Aviña J E, González-Aguilar G A. Agro-industrial potential of exotic fruit byproducts as a source of food additives. Food Res. Int. 2011;44(7):1866-1874
  • 15. Li ZY, Wang Y, Shen WT, Zhou P. Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti–cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2012;3,231–233.
  • 16. Julaeha E, Permatasari Y, Mayanti T, Diantini A. Antifertility compound from the seeds of Carica papaya. Procedia Chemistry. 2015: 17, 66–69.
  • 17. Ajiboye A E, Olawoyin R A. Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica Papaya Leaf Against Selected Pathogens. Glob. J. Pure. App. Sci. 2020;26,165-170
  • 18. Begum S, AbdEIslam M, Adnan N, Tariq A, Yasmin A, Hameed R. Ethnomedicines of highly utilized plants in the Temperate Himalayan Region. Afr. J. Tradit. Compl. Altern. Med. 2014; 11(3):132-142
  • 19. Manika D, Subhagata G. Antifungal and antibacterial property of Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract: Role of Phytochemicals. Int. J. Hth. Sci. and Res. 2019;9(2):39-45.
  • 20. Nduche M, Nkaa F, and Onyebinime A. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Carica Papaya L, Citrus Paradisi L, Citrus Sinensis L, and Vernonia Amygdalina. Cent. Dairy. Vet. Sci. J. 2019;9(4): 555768.
  • 21. Masfufatun N P, Putri YK. Antimicrobial assay of papaya seed ethanol extract (Carica papaya Linn) and phytochemical analysis of its active compounds. IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys. 2019; doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1277/1/012018
  • 22. Setiawan E, Setyaningtyas T, Kartika D, and Ningsih D R. Potential of Bacang Mango leaf ethanol extract. J. Med. Plants Res. 2017;2(2):108–17
  • 23. Anggraini A, Masfufatun P. Effectivity of red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) in combination with avocado seed extract (Persea americana) to inhibit Candida albicans Growth. J. Kim. 2017;2(2):86–92.
  • 24. Li W, Li W, Xie L, Chen Z, Chen J. Benzyl isothiocyanate exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi by targeting dual membrne-bound respiratory enzymes. J. Appl. Microbio. 2017;122(2), 460-470. doi: 10.1111/jam.13358
  • 25. Amazu L U, Azikiwe C C, Nwachukwu N. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Carica papaya seed extract on some clinical bacterial isolates. J. Microbio. Biotech. Res. 2017;1(1), 9-14.
  • 26. Kefi A S, Ammar, S., and Ayadi, I. (2016). Effect of pseudocarpaine and carpaine on the growth of bacterial strains isolated from wound infections. Int. J. Curr. Microbio. Appl. Sci. 2016;5(5), 645-651.
  • 27. Saba A B, Oyeyemi O T. Antibacterial effect of papaya seeds on some bacteria isolated from urine samples. Int. J. Curr. Microbio. Appl. Sci. 2019;8(2), 15-19.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Emmanuel Oboh 0000-0002-4759-5115

Daniel Ashefo This is me 0000-0001-9001-6468

Peace Oleghe This is me 0000-0001-5163-1134

Oritseomaemimi Ojei This is me 0009-0009-8454-5414

Publication Date April 21, 2023
Submission Date February 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oboh, E., Ashefo, D., Oleghe, P., Ojei, O. (2023). Investigating the Astonishing Antimicrobial Potential of Papaya seeds against Salmonella spp and Candida albicans. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 4(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1249215

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