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Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 120 - 126, 30.06.2022

Serdar Halis Hamit Solmaz Seyfi Polat H. Serdar Yücesu

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1105470
Cited By: 5

Abstract

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), which is a low temperature combustion mode based on the principle of working with dual fuel, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages such as high thermal efficiency, low NOx and soot emissions, and controllability of combustion. In this study, the effects of injection timing and lambda on RCCI combustion mode were investigated numerically by validating the experimental data with Converge CFD software. A four-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline direct-injection engine with a compression ratio of 9.2 was used in RCCI combustion mode at an engine speed of 1000 rpm. The maximum cylinder pressure also increased and RCCI combustion was advanced while the injection timing was advanced. The highest peak pressure was obtained at SOI=-50°CA aTDC, and the lowest peak pressure was obtained at SOI=-25°CA aTDC. Similarly, the highest peak HRR value was acquired as 213 J/°CA at SOI=-50°CA aTDC. It has been observed that as the lambda decreases, the maximum cylinder pressure increases, and combustion advances. In addition, the heat release rises with a decrease in lambda value. The maximum heat release rate was acquired as 77.91 J/°CA at λ=1.2. The results show that injection timing and lambda have a great influence on RCCI combustion mode and the combustion phase can be controlled with these parameters.

Keywords

Combustion Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Injection timing (SOI) Lambda Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI)

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK; United States National Science Foundation; Convergent Science Inc.

Thanks

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) provided financial support for Hamit Solmaz and Serdar Halis to perform this research. Also the another financial support provided by the United States National Science Foundation (Grant No: 1434273) was used in the setup of the experimental study. The authors thank to TÜBITAK, United States National Science Foundation and Dr. Mahdi Shahbakhti (former director of the Michigan Technological University Energy Mechatronics Laboratory) and Convergent Science Inc. for providing the free license of the CONVERGE software.

References

  • [1] Ansari E, Poorghasemi K, Khoshbakht Irdmousa B, Shahbakhti M, Naber J. Efficiency and emissions mapping of a light duty diesel-natural gas engine operating in conventional diesel and RCCI modes. SAE Technical Paper, 2016-01-2309.
  • [2] Poorghasemi K, Saray RK, Ansari E, Irdmousa BK, Shahbakhti M, Naber JD. Effect of diesel injection strategies on natural gas/diesel RCCI combustion characteristics in a light duty diesel engine. Applied Energy, 2017; 199: 430-446.
  • [3] Liu HF, Xu J, Zheng ZQ, Li SJ, Yao MF. Effects of fuel properties on combustion and emissions under both conventional and low temperature combustion mode fueling 2,5-dimethylfuran/diesel blends. Energy, 2013; 62: 215-223.
  • [4] Hanson RM, Kokjohn SL, Splitter DA, Reitz RD. An experimental investigation of fuel reactivity controlled PCCI combustion in a heavy-duty engine. SAE Int. J. Engines, 2010-01-0864.
  • [5] Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Aval SM, Gharehghani A. An improvement of a lean burning condition of natural gas/diesel RCCI engine with a pre-chamber by using hydrogen. Energy Convers. Manag., 2018; 166: 489-499.
  • [6] Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Gharehghani A, Salahi M. Numerical comparative study of hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of a natural-gas/dimethyl-ether RCCI engine with pre-chamber. Energy, 2019; 186: 115878.
  • [7] Taghavi M, Gharehghani A, Nejad FB, Mirsalim M. Developing a model to predict the start of combustion in HCCI engine using ANN-GA approach. Energy Convers. Manag., 2019; 195: 57-69.
  • [8] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H. Experimental investigation of the effects of lambda and injection timing on combustion and performance characteristics in a RCCI engine. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 2016; 4(4):299-308.
  • [9] Kokjohn SL, Hanson RM, Splitter DA, Reitz RD. Experiments and modeling of dual-fuel HCCI and PCCI combustion using in-cylinder fuel blending, SAE Technical Paper, 2009-01-2647.
  • [10] Benajes J, Molina S, García A, Belarte E, Vanvolsem M. An investigation on RCCI combustion in a heavy duty diesel engine using in-cylinder blending of diesel and gasoline fuels. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014; 63: 66-76.
  • [11] Ma S, Zheng Z, Liu H, Zhang Q, Yao M. Experimental investigation of the effects of diesel injection strategy on gasoline/diesel dual-fuel combustion. Applied Energy, 2013; 109: 202-212.
  • [12] Nieman DE, Dempsey AB, Reitz RD. Heavy-duty RCCI opera-tion using natural gas and diesel. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-01-0379.
  • [13] Tong L, Wang H, Zheng Z, Reitz RD, Yao M. Experimental study of RCCI combustion and load extension in a compression ignition engine fueled with gasoline and PODE. Fuel, 2016; 181: 878-886.
  • [14] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H, Boz F, Yilmaz E, Polat S. The effects of lambda on combustion characteristics in a reactive controlled compression ignition engine. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2017; 17: 1146-1156.
  • [15] Mohammadian A, Chehrmonavari H, Kakaee A, Paykani A. Effect of injection strategies on a single-fuel RCCI combustion fueled with isobutanol/isobutanol+DTBP blends. Fuel, 2020; 278: 118219.
  • [16] Solmaz H, Ipci D. Control of combustion phase with direct injection timing for different inlet temperatures in an RCCI engine. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2020; 40(2): 267-279.
  • [17] Arora JK. Design of real-time combustion feedback system and experimental study of an RCCI engine for control. PhD Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2016.
  • [18] Halis S, Nacak C, Solmaz H, Yilmaz E, Yucesu HS. Investigation of the effects of octane number on combustion characteristics and engine performance in a HCCI engine. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2018; 38(2): 99-110.
  • [19] Chang J, Guralp O, Filipi Z, Assanis D, Kuo TW, Najt P, Rask R. New heat transfer correlation for an HCCI engine derived from measurements of instantaneous surface heat flux. SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-2996.
  • [20] Dukowicz JK, A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays. Journal Computational Physics, 1980; 35: 229-253.
  • [21] Beale JC, Reitz RD. Modeling spray atomization with the Kelvin-Helmholtz/ Rayleigh-Taylor hybrid model. Atomization Sprays, 1999; 9: 623-650.
  • [22] Convergent Science Inc., CONVERGE (v2.3) theory manual, 2016.
  • [23] Bahrami S, Poorghasemi K, Solmaz H, Calam A, Ipci D. Effect of nitrogen and hydrogen addition on performance and emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition. Fuel, 2021; 292: 120330.
  • [24] Senecal PK, Pomraning E, Richards KJ, Briggs TE, Choi CY, McDavid RM, Patterson MA. Multi-dimensional modeling of direct-injection diesel spray liquid length and flame lift-off length using CFD and parallel detailed chemistry. SAE Technical Paper, 2003-01-1043.
  • [25] Luong MB, Luo Z, Lu TF, Chung SH, Yoo CS. Direct numerical simulations of the ignition of lean primary reference fuel/air mix-tures under HCCI condition. Combustion and Flame, 2013; 160(10): 2038-2047.
  • [26] Nazemi M, Shahbakhti M. Modeling and analysis of fuel injec-tion parameters for combustion and performance of an RCCI en-gine. Applied Energy, 2016; 165: 135-150.
  • [27] Li J, Yang WM, An H, Zhao D. Effects of fuel ratio and injection timing on gasoline/biodiesel fueled RCCI engine: A modeling study. Applied Energy, 2015; 155: 59-67.
  • [28] Curran S, Hanson R, Wagner R. Efficiency and emissions map-ping of RCCI in a light-duty diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper, 2013-01-0289.

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 120 - 126, 30.06.2022

Serdar Halis Hamit Solmaz Seyfi Polat H. Serdar Yücesu

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1105470
Cited By: 5

Abstract

References

  • [1] Ansari E, Poorghasemi K, Khoshbakht Irdmousa B, Shahbakhti M, Naber J. Efficiency and emissions mapping of a light duty diesel-natural gas engine operating in conventional diesel and RCCI modes. SAE Technical Paper, 2016-01-2309.
  • [2] Poorghasemi K, Saray RK, Ansari E, Irdmousa BK, Shahbakhti M, Naber JD. Effect of diesel injection strategies on natural gas/diesel RCCI combustion characteristics in a light duty diesel engine. Applied Energy, 2017; 199: 430-446.
  • [3] Liu HF, Xu J, Zheng ZQ, Li SJ, Yao MF. Effects of fuel properties on combustion and emissions under both conventional and low temperature combustion mode fueling 2,5-dimethylfuran/diesel blends. Energy, 2013; 62: 215-223.
  • [4] Hanson RM, Kokjohn SL, Splitter DA, Reitz RD. An experimental investigation of fuel reactivity controlled PCCI combustion in a heavy-duty engine. SAE Int. J. Engines, 2010-01-0864.
  • [5] Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Aval SM, Gharehghani A. An improvement of a lean burning condition of natural gas/diesel RCCI engine with a pre-chamber by using hydrogen. Energy Convers. Manag., 2018; 166: 489-499.
  • [6] Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Gharehghani A, Salahi M. Numerical comparative study of hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of a natural-gas/dimethyl-ether RCCI engine with pre-chamber. Energy, 2019; 186: 115878.
  • [7] Taghavi M, Gharehghani A, Nejad FB, Mirsalim M. Developing a model to predict the start of combustion in HCCI engine using ANN-GA approach. Energy Convers. Manag., 2019; 195: 57-69.
  • [8] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H. Experimental investigation of the effects of lambda and injection timing on combustion and performance characteristics in a RCCI engine. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 2016; 4(4):299-308.
  • [9] Kokjohn SL, Hanson RM, Splitter DA, Reitz RD. Experiments and modeling of dual-fuel HCCI and PCCI combustion using in-cylinder fuel blending, SAE Technical Paper, 2009-01-2647.
  • [10] Benajes J, Molina S, García A, Belarte E, Vanvolsem M. An investigation on RCCI combustion in a heavy duty diesel engine using in-cylinder blending of diesel and gasoline fuels. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014; 63: 66-76.
  • [11] Ma S, Zheng Z, Liu H, Zhang Q, Yao M. Experimental investigation of the effects of diesel injection strategy on gasoline/diesel dual-fuel combustion. Applied Energy, 2013; 109: 202-212.
  • [12] Nieman DE, Dempsey AB, Reitz RD. Heavy-duty RCCI opera-tion using natural gas and diesel. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-01-0379.
  • [13] Tong L, Wang H, Zheng Z, Reitz RD, Yao M. Experimental study of RCCI combustion and load extension in a compression ignition engine fueled with gasoline and PODE. Fuel, 2016; 181: 878-886.
  • [14] Uyumaz A, Solmaz H, Boz F, Yilmaz E, Polat S. The effects of lambda on combustion characteristics in a reactive controlled compression ignition engine. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2017; 17: 1146-1156.
  • [15] Mohammadian A, Chehrmonavari H, Kakaee A, Paykani A. Effect of injection strategies on a single-fuel RCCI combustion fueled with isobutanol/isobutanol+DTBP blends. Fuel, 2020; 278: 118219.
  • [16] Solmaz H, Ipci D. Control of combustion phase with direct injection timing for different inlet temperatures in an RCCI engine. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2020; 40(2): 267-279.
  • [17] Arora JK. Design of real-time combustion feedback system and experimental study of an RCCI engine for control. PhD Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2016.
  • [18] Halis S, Nacak C, Solmaz H, Yilmaz E, Yucesu HS. Investigation of the effects of octane number on combustion characteristics and engine performance in a HCCI engine. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2018; 38(2): 99-110.
  • [19] Chang J, Guralp O, Filipi Z, Assanis D, Kuo TW, Najt P, Rask R. New heat transfer correlation for an HCCI engine derived from measurements of instantaneous surface heat flux. SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-2996.
  • [20] Dukowicz JK, A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays. Journal Computational Physics, 1980; 35: 229-253.
  • [21] Beale JC, Reitz RD. Modeling spray atomization with the Kelvin-Helmholtz/ Rayleigh-Taylor hybrid model. Atomization Sprays, 1999; 9: 623-650.
  • [22] Convergent Science Inc., CONVERGE (v2.3) theory manual, 2016.
  • [23] Bahrami S, Poorghasemi K, Solmaz H, Calam A, Ipci D. Effect of nitrogen and hydrogen addition on performance and emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition. Fuel, 2021; 292: 120330.
  • [24] Senecal PK, Pomraning E, Richards KJ, Briggs TE, Choi CY, McDavid RM, Patterson MA. Multi-dimensional modeling of direct-injection diesel spray liquid length and flame lift-off length using CFD and parallel detailed chemistry. SAE Technical Paper, 2003-01-1043.
  • [25] Luong MB, Luo Z, Lu TF, Chung SH, Yoo CS. Direct numerical simulations of the ignition of lean primary reference fuel/air mix-tures under HCCI condition. Combustion and Flame, 2013; 160(10): 2038-2047.
  • [26] Nazemi M, Shahbakhti M. Modeling and analysis of fuel injec-tion parameters for combustion and performance of an RCCI en-gine. Applied Energy, 2016; 165: 135-150.
  • [27] Li J, Yang WM, An H, Zhao D. Effects of fuel ratio and injection timing on gasoline/biodiesel fueled RCCI engine: A modeling study. Applied Energy, 2015; 155: 59-67.
  • [28] Curran S, Hanson R, Wagner R. Efficiency and emissions map-ping of RCCI in a light-duty diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper, 2013-01-0289.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serdar Halis 0000-0002-6099-7223

Hamit Solmaz 0000-0003-0689-6824

Seyfi Polat 0000-0002-7196-3053

H. Serdar Yücesu 0000-0002-7805-6085

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date April 18, 2022
Acceptance Date May 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Halis, S., Solmaz, H., Polat, S., Yücesu, H. S. (2022). Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(2), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1105470
AMA Halis S, Solmaz H, Polat S, Yücesu HS. Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode. ijastech. June 2022;6(2):120-126. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1105470
Chicago Halis, Serdar, Hamit Solmaz, Seyfi Polat, and H. Serdar Yücesu. “Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6, no. 2 (June 2022): 120-26. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1105470.
EndNote Halis S, Solmaz H, Polat S, Yücesu HS (June 1, 2022) Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6 2 120–126.
IEEE S. Halis, H. Solmaz, S. Polat, and H. S. Yücesu, “Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode”, ijastech, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 120–126, 2022, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1105470.
ISNAD Halis, Serdar et al. “Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6/2 (June 2022), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1105470.
JAMA Halis S, Solmaz H, Polat S, Yücesu HS. Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode. ijastech. 2022;6:120–126.
MLA Halis, Serdar et al. “Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 120-6, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1105470.
Vancouver Halis S, Solmaz H, Polat S, Yücesu HS. Numerical Study of the Effects of Lambda and Injection Timing on RCCI Combustion Mode. ijastech. 2022;6(2):120-6.

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International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology (IJASTECH) is published by Society of Automotive Engineers Turkey

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