Kumara Geri Dönmek: Kumar Oynama Davranışında Relaps Faktörlerine Dair Nitel Bir Değerlendirme

İlker Aktürk; Hakan Karaman; Ömer Miraç Yaman

doi:10.38079/igusabder.1337048

Research Article

Kumara Geri Dönmek: Kumar Oynama Davranışında Relaps Faktörlerine Dair Nitel Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 158 - 178, 30.04.2024

İlker Aktürk Hakan Karaman Ömer Miraç Yaman

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1337048

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, kumar oynama davranışı sergileyen bireylerin relaps risklerini belirleyen unsurları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Fenomenolojik bir yaklaşım ve nitel metodoloji kullanılarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler 13 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kumar oynama geçmişinin olması ve en az bir defa kumarı bırakma girişiminde bulunmuş katılımcılar seçilerek relaps süreci deneyimleri betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre “Sosyal ve Çevresel Faktörler”, “Kişisel ve Duygusal Faktörler”, “Finansal Faktörler” olmak üzere üç farklı tema saptanmıştır. Yetersiz aile desteği, kumar oynayan sosyal çevre ile iletişimin kesilmemesi, borçlar, ekonomik krizler yaşamak, kayıpları telafi etmek, stres, kaygı gibi negatif duygusal durumlardan çıkmak, heyecan arayışı, kumar oynama araçlarından gelen teşvikler katılımcıların relaps yaşamalarını etkileyen faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kumar oynama davranışı tedavisi için relaps önleme programlarının bütüncül bir yaklaşım içermesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda aile desteği, sosyal çevrenin etkisi, psikolojik destek ve terapiler, finansal danışmanlık ve para yönetimi becerileri eğitimi gibi faktörler, relaps riskini azaltmada önemli adımlar olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Kumar, relaps, sosyal hizmet, aşerme, bağımlılık

References

1. Calado F, Griffiths MD. Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015). J Behav Addict. 2016;5(4):592-613. doi: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.073.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders. 5. Baskı; 2013.
3. Ledgerwood DM, Petry NM. Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gamblers. Psychiatry Res. 2006;144(1):17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.017.
4. Gainsbury SM, Russell A, Blaszczynski A, Hing N. The interaction between gambling activities and modes of access: A comparison of Internet-only, land-based only, and mixed-mode gamblers. Addict Behav. 2015;41:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.023.
5. Guriz SO, Ekinci A, Türkçapar A. case report: Cognitive behavioral therapy of a patient with pathological gambling. JCBPR. 2012;1(2):105-112.
6. Burge AN, Pietrzak RH, Petry NM. Pre/early adolescent onset of gambling and psychosocial problems in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. J Gambl Stud. 2006;22(3):263-274. doi: 10.1007/s10899-006-9015-7.
7. Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MCO, Hoffman JH, Wieczorek WF. Gambling and problem gambling in the United States: Changes between 1999 and 2013. J Gambl Stud. 2015;31(3):695-715. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9471-4.
8. Lorenz VC, Yaffee RA. Pathological gambling: Psychosomatic, emotional and marital difficulties as reported by the gambler. J Gambl Behav. 1986;2(1):40-49. doi: 10.1007/BF01019933.
9. Dowling NA, Suomi A, Jackson AC, Lavis T. Problem gambling family impacts: Development of the problem gambling family impact scale. J Gambl Stud. 2016;32(3):935-955. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9582-6.
10. Smith D, Harvey P, Battersby M, Pols R, Oakes J, Baigent M. Treatment outcomes and predictors of drop out for problem gamblers in south australia: A cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010;44(10):911-920. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2010.493502.
11. Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: That was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004;59(4):224-235. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.4.224.
12. Larimer ME, Palmer RS, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention. An overview of Marlatt’s cognitive-behavioral model. Alcohol Res Health J Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse Alcohol. 1999;23(2):151-160.
13. Petry NM, Weiss L. Social support is associated with gambling treatment outcomes in pathological gamblers. Am J Addict. 2009;18(5):402-8. doi: 10.3109/10550490903077861.
14. Evren C, Durkaya M, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Cetin R. Relationship of relapse with impulsivity, novelty seeking and craving in male alcohol-dependent inpatients: Impulsivity, novelty seeking and craving. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(1):81-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00303.x.
15. Oei TPS, Gordon LM. Psychosocial factors related to gambling abstinence and relapse in members of gamblers anonymous. J Gambl Stud. 2008;24(1):91-105. doi: 10.1007/s10899-007-9071-7.
16. Creswell JW. Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni. 4. baskı. Siyasal Kitabevi; 2018.
17. Özdemir M. Nitel veri analizi: sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;11(1):323-343.
18. Yılmaz K, Şahin T. Eğitim fakültelerindeki araştırma görevlilerinin mesleki deneyimlerinin incelenmesi: araştırma görevlisi olmanın anlamına ilişkin fenomenolojik bir çalışma. Eğitim Bilim Derg. 2016;44(44):143-143. doi: 10.15285/maruaebd.286491.
19. Baltacı A. Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2018;7(1):231-274.
20. West W. Beyond grounded theory: The use of a heuristic approach to qualitative research. Couns Psychother Res. 2001;1(2):126-131. doi: 10.1080/14733140112331385168.
21. Tekin HH, Hasan T. Nitel araştırma yönteminin bir veri toplama tekniği olarak derinlemesine görüşme. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi. 2012;3(13):101-116.
22. Hodgins DC, Shead NW, Makarchuk K. Relationship satisfaction and psychological distress among concerned significant others of pathological gamblers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(1):65-71. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000252382.47434.a6.
23. Ingle PJ, Marotta J, McMillan G, Wisdom JP. Significant others and gambling treatment outcomes. J Gambl Stud. 2008;24(3):381-392. doi: 10.1007/s10899-008-9092-x.
24. Abbott M, Romild U, Volberg R. The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age-specific incidence of problem gambling: Results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs): Results of the Swelogs. Addiction. 2018;113(4):699-707.
25. Neighbors C, Lostutter TW, Larimer ME, Takushi RY. A systematic review of psychosocial risks for gambling and problem gambling in the Nordic Countries. J Gambl Stud. 2002;18(4):339-360. doi: 10.1023/A:1021013132430.
26. Auer MM, Griffiths MD. Testing normative and self-appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a real-world setting. Front Psychol. 2015;6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00339.
27. Håkansson A, Widinghoff C. Television gambling advertisements: Extent and content of gambling advertisements with a focus on potential high-risk commercial messages. Addict Behav Rep. 2019;9:100182. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100182.
28. Berking M, Margraf M, Ebert D, Wupperman P, Hofmann SG, Junghanns K. Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011;79(3):307-318. doi: 10.1037/a0023421.
29. Hopley AAB, Nicki RM. Predictive factors of excessive online poker playing. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw. 2010;13(4):379-385. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0223.
30. Estévez A, Jauregui P, Macía L, Martín-Pérez C. Alexithymia and emotion regulation strategies in adolescent gamblers with and without at-risk profiles. J Gambl Stud. 2022;38(1):15-29. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10057-8.
31. Nordmyr J, Forsman AK. A systematic review of psychosocial risks for gambling and problem gambling in the Nordic countries. Health Risk Soc. 2020;22(3-4):266-290. doi: 10.1080/13698575.2020.1796929.
32. Sirola A, Nyrhinen J, Wilska TA. Psychosocial perspective on problem gambling: the role of social relationships, resilience, and COVID-19 worry. J Gambl Stud. 2023;39(3):1467-1485. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10185-9.
33. Botterill E, Gill PR, McLaren S, Gomez R. Marital status and problem gambling among Australian older adults: the mediating role of loneliness. J Gambl Stud. 2016;32(3):1027-1038. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9575-5.
34. McQuade A, Gill P. The role of loneliness and self-control in predicting problem gambling behaviour. Gambling Research. 2012;24(1):18-30.
35. Dowling NA, Merkouris SS, Youssef GJ, et al. A Gambling Just-In-Time adaptive intervention (gamblingless: in-the-moment): protocol for a microrandomized trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022;11(8):e38958. doi: 10.2196/38958.
36. Barbaranelli C, Ghezzi V, Fida R, Vecchione M. Psychometric characteristics of a new scale for measuring self-efficacy in the regulation of gambling behavior. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1025. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01025.
37. Brown, RIF. Gambling addictions, arousal, and an affective/decision-making explanation of behavioral reversions or relapses. International Journal of the Addictions. 1987;22(11):1053-1067. doi: 10.3109/10826088709027469.
38. Redish AD, Jensen S, Johnson A. A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process. Behav Brain Sci. 2008;31(4):415-437.
39. Mason WA, Spoth RL. Thrill seeking and religiosity in relation to adolescent substance use: Tests of joint, interactive, and indirect influences. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011;25(4):683-696. doi: 10.1037/a0023793.
40. Aminimanesh S, Hayat AA, Khanzadeh M, Taheri M. Predictive model of high-risk behaviors in Iranian male adolescents based on psychological motivation. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2021;15(3). doi: 10.5812/ijpbs.104682.
41. Coventry KR, Brown RIF. Sensation seeking, gambling and gambling addictions. Addiction. 1993;88(4):541-554. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02061.x.
42. Goudriaan AE, Oosterlaan J, De Beurs E, Van Den Brink W. The role of self-reported impulsivity and reward sensitivity versus neurocognitive measures of disinhibition and decision-making in the prediction of relapse in pathological gamblers. Psychol Med. 2008;38(1):41-50. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000694.
43. Clark L, Lawrence AJ, Astley-Jones F, Gray N. Gambling near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain circuitry. Neuron. 2009;61(3):481-490. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.031.
44. Chase HW, Clark L. Gambling severity predicts midbrain response to near-miss outcomes. J Neurosci. 2010;30(18):6180-6187. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5758-09.2010.
45. Hodgins DC, el-Guebaly N. Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(1):72-80. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.1.72.
46. Sleczka P, Braun-Michl B, Kraus L. Gamblers’ attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(3):744-755. doi: 10.1556/2006.2020.00042.
47. Tabri N, Werner KM, Milyavskaya M, Wohl MJA. Perfectionism predicts disordered gambling via financially focused self-concept. J Gambl Issues. 2018;(38). doi: 10.4309/jgi.2018.38.13.
48. Ward S, Smith N, Bowden-Jones H. The use of naltrexone in pathological and problem gambling: A UK case series. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(3):827-833. doi: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.89.
49. Rogers RD, Wielenberg B, Wojtecki L, Elben S, Campbell-Meiklejohn D, Schnitzler A. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus transiently enhances loss-chasing behaviour in patients with parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol. 2011;231(1):181-189. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.007.
50. Linnet J, Peterson E, Doudet DJ, Gjedde A, Møller A. Dopamine release in ventral striatum of pathological gamblers losing money: Dopamine and pathological gambling. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(4):326-333. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01591.x.
51. Bibby PA. Loss-chasing, alexithymia, and ımpulsivity in a gambling task: Alexithymia as a precursor to loss-chasing behavior when gambling. Front Psychol. 2016;7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00003.
52. Håkansson A, Fernández-Aranda F, Menchón JM, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis – a cause for concern. J Addict Med. 2020;14(4):e10-e12. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000690.
53. Merkouris SS, Thomas SA, Browning CJ, Dowling NA. Predictors of outcomes of psychological treatments for disordered gambling: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;48:7-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.06.004.
54. Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Harrop EN, Douglas H, Enkema M, Sedgwick C. Mindfulness-based treatment to prevent addictive behavior relapse: Theoretical models and hypothesized mechanisms of change. Substance Use & Misuse. 2014;49:5:513-524. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.891845.
55. Leavens E, Marotta J, Weinstock J. Disordered gambling in residential substance use treatment centers: An unmet need. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2014;33:2:163-173. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2014.909697.

Returning to Gambling: A Qualitative Assessment of Relapse Factors in Gambling Behaviour

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 158 - 178, 30.04.2024

İlker Aktürk Hakan Karaman Ömer Miraç Yaman

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1337048

Abstract

Aim: This research aims to examine the factors that determine the relapse risks of individuals exhibiting gambling behaviour.
Method: Using a phenomenological approach and qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants. Participants who had a history of gambling and had attempted to quit gambling at least once were selected and their experiences of the relapse process were analysed using descriptive analysis.
Results: According to the research findings, three different themes were identified as Social and Environmental Factors, Personal and Emotional Factors, and Financial Factors. The factors identified as influencing participants' relapse include inadequate family support, maintaining communication with a social circle engaged in gambling, debts, experiencing economic crises, attempting to compensate for losses, stress, anxiety, seeking excitement, and incentives from gambling venues. It was concluded that relapse prevention programmes for the treatment of gambling behaviour should include a holistic approach.
Conclusion: As a result of the research, factors such as family support, the influence of the social environment, psychological support and therapies, financial counselling and money management skills training are considered as important steps in reducing the risk of relapse.

Keywords

Gambling, relapse, social work, craving, addiction

References

1. Calado F, Griffiths MD. Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015). J Behav Addict. 2016;5(4):592-613. doi: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.073.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders. 5. Baskı; 2013.
3. Ledgerwood DM, Petry NM. Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gamblers. Psychiatry Res. 2006;144(1):17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.017.
4. Gainsbury SM, Russell A, Blaszczynski A, Hing N. The interaction between gambling activities and modes of access: A comparison of Internet-only, land-based only, and mixed-mode gamblers. Addict Behav. 2015;41:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.023.
5. Guriz SO, Ekinci A, Türkçapar A. case report: Cognitive behavioral therapy of a patient with pathological gambling. JCBPR. 2012;1(2):105-112.
6. Burge AN, Pietrzak RH, Petry NM. Pre/early adolescent onset of gambling and psychosocial problems in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. J Gambl Stud. 2006;22(3):263-274. doi: 10.1007/s10899-006-9015-7.
7. Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MCO, Hoffman JH, Wieczorek WF. Gambling and problem gambling in the United States: Changes between 1999 and 2013. J Gambl Stud. 2015;31(3):695-715. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9471-4.
8. Lorenz VC, Yaffee RA. Pathological gambling: Psychosomatic, emotional and marital difficulties as reported by the gambler. J Gambl Behav. 1986;2(1):40-49. doi: 10.1007/BF01019933.
9. Dowling NA, Suomi A, Jackson AC, Lavis T. Problem gambling family impacts: Development of the problem gambling family impact scale. J Gambl Stud. 2016;32(3):935-955. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9582-6.
10. Smith D, Harvey P, Battersby M, Pols R, Oakes J, Baigent M. Treatment outcomes and predictors of drop out for problem gamblers in south australia: A cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010;44(10):911-920. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2010.493502.
11. Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: That was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004;59(4):224-235. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.4.224.
12. Larimer ME, Palmer RS, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention. An overview of Marlatt’s cognitive-behavioral model. Alcohol Res Health J Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse Alcohol. 1999;23(2):151-160.
13. Petry NM, Weiss L. Social support is associated with gambling treatment outcomes in pathological gamblers. Am J Addict. 2009;18(5):402-8. doi: 10.3109/10550490903077861.
14. Evren C, Durkaya M, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Cetin R. Relationship of relapse with impulsivity, novelty seeking and craving in male alcohol-dependent inpatients: Impulsivity, novelty seeking and craving. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(1):81-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00303.x.
15. Oei TPS, Gordon LM. Psychosocial factors related to gambling abstinence and relapse in members of gamblers anonymous. J Gambl Stud. 2008;24(1):91-105. doi: 10.1007/s10899-007-9071-7.
16. Creswell JW. Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni. 4. baskı. Siyasal Kitabevi; 2018.
17. Özdemir M. Nitel veri analizi: sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;11(1):323-343.
18. Yılmaz K, Şahin T. Eğitim fakültelerindeki araştırma görevlilerinin mesleki deneyimlerinin incelenmesi: araştırma görevlisi olmanın anlamına ilişkin fenomenolojik bir çalışma. Eğitim Bilim Derg. 2016;44(44):143-143. doi: 10.15285/maruaebd.286491.
19. Baltacı A. Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2018;7(1):231-274.
20. West W. Beyond grounded theory: The use of a heuristic approach to qualitative research. Couns Psychother Res. 2001;1(2):126-131. doi: 10.1080/14733140112331385168.
21. Tekin HH, Hasan T. Nitel araştırma yönteminin bir veri toplama tekniği olarak derinlemesine görüşme. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi. 2012;3(13):101-116.
22. Hodgins DC, Shead NW, Makarchuk K. Relationship satisfaction and psychological distress among concerned significant others of pathological gamblers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(1):65-71. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000252382.47434.a6.
23. Ingle PJ, Marotta J, McMillan G, Wisdom JP. Significant others and gambling treatment outcomes. J Gambl Stud. 2008;24(3):381-392. doi: 10.1007/s10899-008-9092-x.
24. Abbott M, Romild U, Volberg R. The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age-specific incidence of problem gambling: Results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs): Results of the Swelogs. Addiction. 2018;113(4):699-707.
25. Neighbors C, Lostutter TW, Larimer ME, Takushi RY. A systematic review of psychosocial risks for gambling and problem gambling in the Nordic Countries. J Gambl Stud. 2002;18(4):339-360. doi: 10.1023/A:1021013132430.
26. Auer MM, Griffiths MD. Testing normative and self-appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a real-world setting. Front Psychol. 2015;6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00339.
27. Håkansson A, Widinghoff C. Television gambling advertisements: Extent and content of gambling advertisements with a focus on potential high-risk commercial messages. Addict Behav Rep. 2019;9:100182. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100182.
28. Berking M, Margraf M, Ebert D, Wupperman P, Hofmann SG, Junghanns K. Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011;79(3):307-318. doi: 10.1037/a0023421.
29. Hopley AAB, Nicki RM. Predictive factors of excessive online poker playing. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw. 2010;13(4):379-385. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0223.
30. Estévez A, Jauregui P, Macía L, Martín-Pérez C. Alexithymia and emotion regulation strategies in adolescent gamblers with and without at-risk profiles. J Gambl Stud. 2022;38(1):15-29. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10057-8.
31. Nordmyr J, Forsman AK. A systematic review of psychosocial risks for gambling and problem gambling in the Nordic countries. Health Risk Soc. 2020;22(3-4):266-290. doi: 10.1080/13698575.2020.1796929.
32. Sirola A, Nyrhinen J, Wilska TA. Psychosocial perspective on problem gambling: the role of social relationships, resilience, and COVID-19 worry. J Gambl Stud. 2023;39(3):1467-1485. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10185-9.
33. Botterill E, Gill PR, McLaren S, Gomez R. Marital status and problem gambling among Australian older adults: the mediating role of loneliness. J Gambl Stud. 2016;32(3):1027-1038. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9575-5.
34. McQuade A, Gill P. The role of loneliness and self-control in predicting problem gambling behaviour. Gambling Research. 2012;24(1):18-30.
35. Dowling NA, Merkouris SS, Youssef GJ, et al. A Gambling Just-In-Time adaptive intervention (gamblingless: in-the-moment): protocol for a microrandomized trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022;11(8):e38958. doi: 10.2196/38958.
36. Barbaranelli C, Ghezzi V, Fida R, Vecchione M. Psychometric characteristics of a new scale for measuring self-efficacy in the regulation of gambling behavior. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1025. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01025.
37. Brown, RIF. Gambling addictions, arousal, and an affective/decision-making explanation of behavioral reversions or relapses. International Journal of the Addictions. 1987;22(11):1053-1067. doi: 10.3109/10826088709027469.
38. Redish AD, Jensen S, Johnson A. A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process. Behav Brain Sci. 2008;31(4):415-437.
39. Mason WA, Spoth RL. Thrill seeking and religiosity in relation to adolescent substance use: Tests of joint, interactive, and indirect influences. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011;25(4):683-696. doi: 10.1037/a0023793.
40. Aminimanesh S, Hayat AA, Khanzadeh M, Taheri M. Predictive model of high-risk behaviors in Iranian male adolescents based on psychological motivation. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2021;15(3). doi: 10.5812/ijpbs.104682.
41. Coventry KR, Brown RIF. Sensation seeking, gambling and gambling addictions. Addiction. 1993;88(4):541-554. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02061.x.
42. Goudriaan AE, Oosterlaan J, De Beurs E, Van Den Brink W. The role of self-reported impulsivity and reward sensitivity versus neurocognitive measures of disinhibition and decision-making in the prediction of relapse in pathological gamblers. Psychol Med. 2008;38(1):41-50. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000694.
43. Clark L, Lawrence AJ, Astley-Jones F, Gray N. Gambling near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain circuitry. Neuron. 2009;61(3):481-490. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.031.
44. Chase HW, Clark L. Gambling severity predicts midbrain response to near-miss outcomes. J Neurosci. 2010;30(18):6180-6187. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5758-09.2010.
45. Hodgins DC, el-Guebaly N. Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(1):72-80. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.1.72.
46. Sleczka P, Braun-Michl B, Kraus L. Gamblers’ attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(3):744-755. doi: 10.1556/2006.2020.00042.
47. Tabri N, Werner KM, Milyavskaya M, Wohl MJA. Perfectionism predicts disordered gambling via financially focused self-concept. J Gambl Issues. 2018;(38). doi: 10.4309/jgi.2018.38.13.
48. Ward S, Smith N, Bowden-Jones H. The use of naltrexone in pathological and problem gambling: A UK case series. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(3):827-833. doi: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.89.
49. Rogers RD, Wielenberg B, Wojtecki L, Elben S, Campbell-Meiklejohn D, Schnitzler A. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus transiently enhances loss-chasing behaviour in patients with parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol. 2011;231(1):181-189. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.007.
50. Linnet J, Peterson E, Doudet DJ, Gjedde A, Møller A. Dopamine release in ventral striatum of pathological gamblers losing money: Dopamine and pathological gambling. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(4):326-333. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01591.x.
51. Bibby PA. Loss-chasing, alexithymia, and ımpulsivity in a gambling task: Alexithymia as a precursor to loss-chasing behavior when gambling. Front Psychol. 2016;7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00003.
52. Håkansson A, Fernández-Aranda F, Menchón JM, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis – a cause for concern. J Addict Med. 2020;14(4):e10-e12. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000690.
53. Merkouris SS, Thomas SA, Browning CJ, Dowling NA. Predictors of outcomes of psychological treatments for disordered gambling: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;48:7-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.06.004.
54. Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Harrop EN, Douglas H, Enkema M, Sedgwick C. Mindfulness-based treatment to prevent addictive behavior relapse: Theoretical models and hypothesized mechanisms of change. Substance Use & Misuse. 2014;49:5:513-524. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.891845.
55. Leavens E, Marotta J, Weinstock J. Disordered gambling in residential substance use treatment centers: An unmet need. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2014;33:2:163-173. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2014.909697.

There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Mental Health Services
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	İlker Aktürk 0000-0001-9626-3275 Hakan Karaman 0000-0002-5729-6012 Ömer Miraç Yaman 0000-0001-9989-8575
Early Pub Date	April 27, 2024
Publication Date	April 30, 2024
Acceptance Date	February 29, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Issue: 22

Cite

JAMA	Aktürk İ, Karaman H, Yaman ÖM. Kumara Geri Dönmek: Kumar Oynama Davranışında Relaps Faktörlerine Dair Nitel Bir Değerlendirme. IGUSABDER. 2024;:158–178.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)